Ariā, te mau parau tumu, pūnaha, taumata, puka o hononga pāpori i roto i te wāhi mahi. hononga pāpori He momo o ...

E whakaaro pātuitanga Social, te ariā, te mau parau tumu, me ngā puka o tona whakatinanatanga kāwai āhua hou mō te Russia. Heoi, ahakoa tenei, i te reira kua riro mehua whai hua e hāngai ana te hanganga o ngā pūtahi e tika ana. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou atu he aha te tikanga i te mau parau tumu, puka, pūnaha pāpori hononga.

āhuatanga General

hononga pāpori, ariā, pūnaha, puka o nei kua riro whakatōpū ture, tu rite te ara whai hua tino ki te whakatau i te papā o te moni i puta ake i te whanaunga whāinga o ngā kaituku mahi me ngā kaimahi. Ko tā te reira i te ara o te pāhekoheko hua i runga i te pūtake o kirimana me whakaaetanga i waenganui i te feia faatere pakihi me ngā uniana hokohoko. Ko te ariā o ngā taumata, ngā momo o te hononga pāpori hanga te pūtake mō te mahi a te ILO. Te whakahaere i runga i te taahiraa rite hopoi mai tahi māngai o ngā kaituku mahi, kaimahi me te āhua i roto i te nuinga o nga whenua. O te faufaa matua i roto i te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o tenei hanganga he whakatōpū, te mana, me te kotahitanga o te mahi o ngā uniana hokohoko, o ratou tinana, me te mau melo, te toronga o kirimana ngātahi ki te whakawhānui i te hōkai, te whakanui ake i te kawenga o nga kaiuru katoa i roto i te pāhekoheko mo te whakatinanatanga o ona herenga, me te te whakapai ake o te tautoko ture.

Concept me ngā puka o mahi tahi pāpori

Ko te tuhinga whakarato maha ngā whakamāramatanga o te faanahoraa. Heoi, tetahi o te tikanga tino oti, me te tika o te whai whakaaro te. mahi ngātahi Social Ko te ahua ritenga o whanaunga pāpori i mahi, i roto i nei whakarite te ruruku me te tiaki o nga ngākau nuitanga o kaitukumahi (kaipakihi), kaimahi o pokapū kāwanatanga, ngā hanganga kāwanatanga rohe. tutuki tēnei i roto i te mutunga o kirimana, kirimana, te faaite i te hiahia ki te whakatutuki i te ngātahitia i runga i nga wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga ōhanga me te tōrangapū i roto i te whenua. Puka o te hononga pāpori he tikanga e ai te pāhekoheko o te iwi whānui me te āhua. ahua ai ratou he hanganga o whanaunga o ngā pūtahi me hinonga i runga i te mana, te ihirangi, momo, me tikanga o nga mahi o ngā ngaio rōpū, ngā me ngā hapori.

ahanoa

Singling i nga puka me te mau parau tumu o te mahi tahi pāpori, kei te ako tohunga te āhuatanga ā-ōhanga tūturu o te rerekē mahi whenei, hapori me ngā rōpū, o ratou kounga o te ora, te utu, me te ara kī taurangi ki te whakaputa moni. E rite nui ko te tohatoha o te taonga i roto i runga i te mahi o ngā mahi - me haere tonu i te wa nei, ka kawea i roto i mua. He taonga o hononga pāpori katoa o enei kāwai. Kei te whai pānga te reira ki te hanganga me te tārua o te pūnaha pāpori whakaaetia, me te hihiri o ngā rerekētanga. meinga Ko tōna oraraa e te wehenga o mahi, nga rerekētanga i roto i te tūranga, me te wahi o te rōpū takitahi i roto i te hanga katoa.

kaupapa

Ko te mau parau tumu, me ngā puka o te mahi tahi pāpori tīariari i roto i te pā ana tata ki nga kaiuru o whanaunga. Ki te kaupapa e te kaimahi ngā:

1. Nga uniana, āta e nei ngaro ratou mana, a kihai i tangohia i te wahi hou i roto i te ao ōhanga.
2. Associations. whakatika ratou i te kaupapa motuhake o te kaimahi, a kahore e pā ana ki te uniana i hanga i mua e kore iho, e kore te takenga.
3. mātauranga Parastatal. mahi ratou i te tūranga o ngā tari whakahaere tūmatanui i ngā taumata.
4. kaupapa multifunction, tae atu ki ngā kaimahi, takotoranga mākete-manapori.

I runga i te wahi o kaitukumahi i roto i te hononga pāpori tā:

1. Ko te tinana whakahaere o hinonga kāwanatanga-fatuhia. I roto i te tukanga o te tūmatanui, arumoni me te corporatization, kei te whiwhi ratou motuhake, me te mana motuhake.
2. Kaiwhakahaere me rangatira o kamupene tūmataiti. Mai te timatanga rawa o te mahi mātauranga takitahi i ngā hanganga kāwanatanga.
3. kaupapa pāpori, me te tōrangapū o te kaipakihi, ngā kaiwhakahaere, industrialists.

E nga kaupapa kāwanatanga o hononga pāpori e:

1. mana General tōrangapū, me te pāpori. e kore e whai wāhi hāngai ana ratou i roto i te hanga, me te whai kore hononga tika ki nga kaimahi, nga kaitukumahi. Fakatatau ki ai, e kore ratou e whai i te pānga nui i runga i nga whanaunga i roto i te ao o te production.
2. pokapū-whare me manatü. e kore ratou e mau kawenga tika mo te tukanga whakanao, Heoi, i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhuatanga tūturu i roto i te hinonga.
3. tinana State, e mau ana i roto i ngā mākete mahi i te taumata tonotono.

Mātauranga Raruraru Institute

Ko te ariā o ngā taumata, puka hononga pāpori rite tohua i runga ake, kua whakaritea e te ture ture. E tano ia tapao e te whanaketanga o te whare katoa ko te tukanga tika matatini, me te roa. He maha nga whenua i roto i neke atu i te kotahi tekau tau, oho ki te hanganga o te pūnaha mahi ngātahi pāpori rite te wāhanga matua o te ture mahi. Ka rite ki hoki Russia, i faingataa te tukanga o te hanganga o te paari e te āhuatanga e rua. I roto i te wahi tuatahi i roto i te whenua kihai i mohio i runga i te whakamahi o te pūnaha i roto i te wā-pāpori. Fakatatau ki ai, ngaro i roto i te TC putanga paerewa no te whakakahore TBN Māoritanga te hiahia hoki ki reira mahi. i rite nui auau tiketike o te whakangaromanga o te tauira i mua-ngā, kaha o te kāwanatanga o te iwi whānui-whanaunga o te hanga. arahina ēnei āhuatanga ki te hekenga i roto i te tūranga o te kāwanatanga i roto i te wāhi mahi, me te, no reira, he vaivai o haumaru tangata '. Na ko reira uaua ki te kitea i te tumu parau e e kua feaa te faufaa o te hononga pāpori rite te tikanga whai hua te nuinga o te whakatutuki rangimarie pāpori, te pupuri i te toenga i waenganui i nga ngākau nuitanga o ngā kaituku mahi me ngā kaimahi, ki te whakarite i te whanaketanga pūmau o te whenua kia rite ki te katoa.

tūranga o te kāwanatanga

I roto i te mahi ao, homai te whanaketanga o ngā puka o hononga pāpori ko te wahi motuhake o te kaha. I roto i te wahi tuatahi ko reira te āhua kua te mana ki te hanga ture, me te tahi atu ture whakatika i te ture me ngā tukanga ki te whakatū i te mana ā-ture o te kaupapa. I te wa ano e waiho te kāwanatanga he kaiwhakahaere me te tiai i roto i te taumira o ngā pakanga i waenganui i nga whanaunga kaiuru. tango hoki Politics i runga i te mahi o te horapa o te momo whai hua te nuinga o te hononga pāpori. Na, e kore e kia iti anake te uara o te kāwanatanga, me te rohe mana ki te whakakitenga i nga kaitukumahi ki te tango i runga i tukupā tūturu e pā ana ki te mana o te taonga, i te hunga i roto i te rārangi ki te mahi pāpori-ōhanga, me ngā whāinga kaupapa here kāwanatanga me kore takahi i te ngākau nuitanga o te whenua. Ko te mana te kupu e kore e taea te neke atu i te whakatinana i ngā mahi mana. Tokanga'i te whakatinanatanga o te hononga pāpori ritenga i runga i te pūtake manapori kia kawea atu e tinana kāwanatanga mana.

Pūnaha Points matua

Ko te āhua riro te titauraa ki te whakawhanake ture. I roto i ngā, TC enshrines te mau parau tumu matua o hononga pāpori, tautuhia te takotoranga whānui me te āhua o te ture ture o nga whanaunga e whakawhanake i te rängai ōhanga, me te ahumahi. E hāngai ana te whare i runga i:

1. Takatāpui o nga rōpū.
2. Whakaaro me te whakaute mō te ngākau nuitanga o ngā kaiuru.
3. Āwhina States i roto i te haapuairaa i me te whakapai ake i te pūnaha i runga i te pūtake manapori.
4. Interest i roto i te hanganga o te hononga kirimana.
5. Ko te tikanga o te ture i roto i te whakahaere i ngā mahi.
6. Plenipotentiary Māngai o te whanaunga kaiuru.
7. Te ti'amâraa o te whiriwhiri i roto i te aparauraa i ngā take e pā ana ki te ao mahi.
8. tūao te.
9. Ko te parau mau o te ngā o kirimana me whakaaetanga.
10. whakaü whakahauanga o te ture.
11. Te aroturuki i ngā kirimana hanganga ture me te whakaaetanga.
12. Fatongia o nga kaiuru me ratou māngai mō te kore ki te whakarite i te tikanga whakaturia e ratou ake te hape.

Ko te momo matua o te hononga pāpori

Whakahua o ratou he reira i roto i te tuhinga. 27 TC. I roto i runga ki te täkupu o ngā puka hononga pāpori e:

1. bargaining Collective i runga i nga kaupapa whanaketanga o ngā kirimana / kirimana me ratou mutunga.
2. Whai wāhitanga o ngā māngai o ngā kaituku mahi me ngā kaimahi i roto i te whakataunga i mua whakamatautauranga-o tautohetohe.
3. Kōrero ia atu i runga i ngā take o te ture o whanaunga ahumahi, me te tahi atu tika hono ki a ratou, ki te kī i te tika o ngā kaimahi, me te whakapai ake o te ture rängai.
4. Ko te whai wāhitanga o ngā kaimahi me o ratou māngai i roto i te whakahaere o te hinonga.

Kei te mea te reira e mua ki te whakatamarikitanga o TC mahi Concept o hanganga me te whanaketanga o te whare. I whakaaetia te reira e te kōmihana takitoru motuhake i runga i te ture o te whakaputa me te whanaunga ōhanga (PPR). I roto i runga ki tenei, mahi te whai wāhitanga o ngā kaimahi (māngai kaimahi) i roto i te whakahaere o te kamupene rite te ahua matua o te hononga pāpori i roto i te wāhi mahi.

whakataunga mua-whakamatautauranga o papā

Whai wāhitanga i roto i reira no te kaimahi me ngā māngai kaimahi i te maha o ngā āhuatanga. pā taumira mua-tamataraa ki te tautohe takitahi rite kore pakanga ngātahi i roto i te marae e matau anake. A, no te whakatinana i tenei puka o te hononga pāpori i roto i te wāhi mahi, te ture o te toi. TC 382-388. Enei paerewa whakapūtā te tukanga mō te hanga i te māngai o te whanaunga kaiuru. Ture whakahaere i pakanga ngā, te kore atamira he patu, e hāngai ana i runga i te mau parau tumu o te hononga pāpori. Tohunga tātari Art. 27, haere mai ki te mutunga e kei te ture tikanga hē. I roto i ngā, whakaaro nga tohunga ki te whakatikatika i te whakamāramatanga o ngā puka o hononga pāpori, te whakarato hoki whakataunga o pakanga ki te muri - te whai wāhitanga o ngā māngai o ngā kaituku mahi, me te kaimahi i roto i mahi extrajudicial me mua whakamatautauranga-. I roto i tenei take, ka tohu i te whakamutunga ki te taea o te tuku i te takitahi, me te tuatahi - ngā tautohetohe.

kāwai pū

momo ture o te hononga pāpori mo te wa tuatahi i roto i te ture o te rohe Leningrad. tohua te reira e tautuhi kāwai rite momo motuhake o ngā o ngā kaupapa mo te whanaketanga me te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa here pāpori-ōhanga, me te ahumahi, me te ōhanga pipiri. I roto i te pitopito kōrero ki te momo TC o hononga pāpori e tukinotia rite tikanga o whanaunga i waenganui i nga kaiuru ki te whakahaere i nga kaimahi, me te tahi atu kōrero e pā ana ki a ratou. Te whakaatu i te whakamāramatanga e hāngai ana, me te ture rohe.

kāwai atu

A, no te tātari i te ture ngā, tohu tohunga ki te taea ki te tāpiri Art. 27. I roto i ngā, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, ki te puka o te hononga pāpori e:

1. Te whakarato o whakahounga kaupapa pāpori-hāngai i roto i te ōhanga, e arotahi ana ki stabilization me te tupu o te rāngai ahumahi motu.
2. Development, whāngai me te whakatinanatanga o ngā whakataunga tahi.
3. Whanaketanga o ara whai hua o te ture whanaunga pāpori me te mahi.
4. mahi tahi o ngā kaiuru i roto i ngā komiti me ētahi atu tinana mana.
5. Te mahi tahi i roto i te faaineineraa, me te introduction o te Ture Runanga o ture hukihuki o te rohe i runga i ngā take pāpori, ohaoha, me te mahi.
6. Whakatau i te tikanga o te whakahörapatanga o nga tikanga o ngā tiriti, me whakaaetanga i runga i nga kaitukumahi kihai nei i tango i wahi i roto i to ratou puritia kahore tuhinga kohinga te whakatū ture mo ratou rironga ki te mahi mea.
7. Āwhina i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka whakaaetia.

E ai ki ētahi atu tohunga, nga kōwhiringa whakahuatia i runga ake i te maha o ngā huakore. I roto i te wahi tuatahi i reira he parau o te tahi mau tikanga, here ki ngā hanganga e kua mana ki te whakatinana ratou. I te wa ano, puka o hononga pāpori, whakapumautia i roto i te rohe, ture, whai wāhi ki te roha nui o te kaha o ngā mema o whanaunga i roto i te rite ki te Art. 27 TC. Powered täkupu hei rārangi ngaio, kia taea te atu kikokore atu me i te Code me ētahi atu tikanga. Ko reira i roto i te tuhinga mea te rara e hāngai ana. I roto i te ngā, te reira ta e taea whakapumautia te puka o te hononga pāpori i te ture o te rohe, te kohinga kawenata / kirimana, he mahi ā-rohe o te hinonga.

Art. 26 TC

Puka me ngā taumata o te mahi tahi pāpori he wahi matua e hanga ake te pūrongo institution. E kore e te TC whakarato whakamāramatanga mārama, engari he rārangi, whakarōpū me ngā āhuatanga o ngā huānga. Ko te kupu, i roto i te Art. Code 26 tohu nga taumata e hānga ana, rängai, rohe, rohe, me te rohe. Te tātari i te kāwai i homai, tohu maha tohunga ki te takahi o te arorau o te hanga i te rārangi. Whakamāramahia koutou tohunga mutunga o te meka e kei reira he kāwai, wehea e te āhuatanga whakarōpū motuhake.

paearu rohe

vai hononga pāpori i te taumata e hānga ana, terenga, rohe, me te pütahitanga. te mea kāore anō tēnei rārangi. I roto i te Art. e kore e TC 26 whakahua tetahi atu - te taumata e hānga ana-rohe. I roto i te Mei 2000, hainatia te peresideni he tikanga i runga i te hanganga o ngā rohe. I roto i runga ki tenei mahi, i whakaritea e ia māngai o Heads o State me tari māngai. I tēnei wā, hainatia rohe hānga katoa he kawenata 2-ranei 3-rōpū. Ko ratou e tika ana ki te waihanga i tētahi noa wāhi pāpori-ōhanga County, hiahia uruhi o te taupori, tika-tinana tangata, te whanaketanga o te hononga pāpori, a na i runga i.

tohu ahumahi

Puka me ngā taumata o te mahi tahi pāpori e te tīariari i te taumata-rohe, ngā te anga ture, nga āhuatanga e hāngai ana o te rohe, ngā tikanga hītori, me te ahurea, me pera atu. Ko te ture o te kaupapa RF, anake rite whakaratohia i roto i te Art. 26 TC, he huinga (ūnga) taumata motuhake. I tenei taumata, i reira ko te mutunga o te hononga ngaio.

mutunga

Ētahi tohunga faaite tāpiri ki te toi. TC 26 taumata ao, me te rangatōpū. Heoi, ko te whakaurunga o te muri te mea ahua taimi halá ki te rā. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te taumata rangatōpū, ka tāpiri i te reira ki te rārangi ngā o koretake tēnei wā. Ko e tika ana ki te āhua tika o taua atamira tenei. I tenei taumata, ngā whakahaere, rängai, rohe, me te ao tohu o te hononga pāpori. te kitenga o te whakamutunga kei te nuinga i roto i runga i te tikanga o nga kirimana mutu ki ētahi atu whenua o te Russian Federation i te tirohanga o te ture pakanga o te ture mahi. Hei whakamārama i te āhuatanga, tohunga whakaaro ki te huri i te tikanga Art o. 26. I roto i to ratou tirohanga, kia tohu te tuhinga e te taumata rohe - (. Constitution, tikanga me pakihi Defence, ture kāwanatanga, a pera atu) wahi o te Russian Federation, whakaritea i roto i runga i te ture. kawea mahi o te Institute i roto i roto i te whenua katoa, i roto i te takiwa, wahi, me municipalities tika i hinonga.