Awa Fontanka: hītori, whakaahua

Awa Fontanka - awa iti wai e tohu ana i tetahi o nga awa Neva Delta St Petersburg. Manga atu i te taha ki maui o te awa Neva tata te Summer Garden, a ka rere ki te awa Neva ki te tonga o te mua Galerny Gutuevsky me te raki o te motu, i te timatanga rawa o te Gulf o Finland. e pūtahi ana Arc te wahi pokapū o te pa i roto i te aronga te tonga-hauauru, me te ko te rohe ki te tonga o te raorao. roa awa ko 6.7 km, pae te whanui i 35 ki te 70 m, hōhonu -. 2.6 ki te 3.5 m Here taua tohu kua reira awa Fontanka. Aha he huaina a reira, me te mea ko tona hītori, ka taea e tatou te ako i tenei tuhinga.

Wai o te pūnaha awa, tetahi o te rima e hanga ake te raorao o te awa Neva, kua 12 rerenga wai. Te rere te wai i te puna ko te toharite o 34 mita pūtoru. m / s, te awa, i muri i kouru Sinks - 24 cu. m / s, a i roto i te wahi tonga o te pūhui ki teihana me Kryukov kongutu Griboedova - 22 cu. m / s. Ko te auau rere i runga i te tokotoko i tona puna ki Anichkova piriti - he toharite o 0.3-0.4 m / s me i raro - 0.2-0.25 m / s.

Ko te ingoa o te awa Fontanka

Ko te ingoa taketake o te awa - Eric. A, no te i hanga te hanganga o puna, mo ratou ara supply i whakatapua haere i roto i te awa. puta ke hydronym Tuatahi ki te puna, a muri mai - i roto i te Fontanka.

Ko te hītori o te Fontanka

Tae noa 1714 awa repo, i hanga i roto i ona moutere iti o nāianei, e mohiotia ana ko te ingoakore noa Erik Erik ranei. Tae noa ko te taketake o St Petersburg i runga i te pēke i te kainga Russian Usaditsa, me piri ki te mangai - whakataunga Izhora ki te ingoa Finnish Kalyula, muri whakaingoatia te kainga Kalinkina. I roto i te hanga o te pa i roto i 1711 ki te Fontanka awa Moika hono ki tenei e te nuinga mahani mākū, whakamahia hoki kakahu horoi.

Construction, anō me te whakangaromanga i runga i te Fontanka

I roto i te hanga o te whanui tuatahi piriti mōrahi rakau o te rere te wai, ano te awa Fontanka, tae 200 mita, engari mutu Pita ahau te mahi hanga i roto i te pa i muri i te matenga o te wai anō-tomo i te whenua timata ki quays tia, hanga reira navigation tino uaua. I roto i te tau i kawea 1743-1752 i roto i horoi me te whakapakari o te parepare. Ko tōna ingoa o nāianei te awa i roto i te kingitanga o Empress Anna Ivanovna, whakawhetai ki te puna, whakatakotoria ki runga ki tona pareparenga matau i roto i te Summer Garden. i whangai ratou ki te wai i te hongere Lithuanian i roto i te poka harotoroto (inaianei - Square) keri i te kokonga o Avenue o te Kariki me huarahi hou Nekrasov, a ka atu ki te papa ngongo. i ngaro e kino kino waipuke i roto i 1777 me te whakatau o Catherine II tua atu hanga puna Sami. whakapuaretia ratou i muri noa i te whakahoutanga i oti i roto i 2012.

rohe

Tae noa te waenganui o te rau tau XVIII, i whakaaro te awa Fontanka rite te rohe ki te tonga o te pa, ki tua atu nei i reira he whenua whenua o nga rangatira taonga. Ko te nāianei i te faaafaro i ka hipoki wahi ki te rerenga wai, tae atu awa paru Tarakanovka. Kua te rohe o St Petersburg kua oho ki te hongere karo, engari noho te maha o ngā tekau tau raina Fontanka i raro i te whare mua. I waenganui i nga ngā o te Fontanka ko Moika, ki te Kryukov Canal, i roto i te rau tau XVIII-XIX ko te wāhi tapa tāone o te whakapaipai, ko Kolomna.

Mahi i runga i te awa

I roto i te tau 1780-1789 whakawāteatia te Fontanka ano, ka loloto ange te awa, me te te kaupapa whakawhanakehia e te kaihoahoa A. V. Kvasovym, hanga kapi katoa ki te embankments ofa'i, rori uru me descents awa. I roto i te waenganui o te rau tau XIX, i hono te awa i roto i te rohe o reira Vitebsk Station ki te raina karo i te tikanga o Vvedensky, hangaia ki te anga etahi waka, me te tanumia i roto i te tau 1967-1969. I roto i te 1892, tīmata te Fontanka haere kaipuke pāhihi. I reira, hanga te awa e rua-ara waka o poti iti i roto i te poti tūruhi matua. I roto i te hotoke, i puritia te takanga o nga tikanga o te Kaunihera City i tio Rinks tūmatanui.

wai inu

kawea tīpako o te wai inu mo te taupori tawhio noa i roto i runga i te rau tau e rua kua pahure. kawea Water te i roto i te oko, matomato, i roto i te rerekē ki te Neva, pātara i roto i ma, me te mea o te contamination nui toutou ka te take o urutā o Gastro-intestinal mate. Nui-tauine hanga o te tipu maimoatanga, me te tuku anō i parakaingaki i roto i te Neva Bay kua pai ake te āhuatanga taiao, me i 1970 i te ika hoki ki te awa.

-mita

He ngaro rite te katoa i runga i te awa o Neva, otaota takutai, me te kore e nui ngaa otaota, rite kapi mata o te wai i te kohatu. Fontanka awa (whakaahua i raro nei) e kore he ao kararehe taonga. Kitea ika ora i roto i te taha raro o te awa Neva me te raorao, tae atu whitefish, Bream me te piharau. I mua i te revolution i roto i te awa i pupuri maha taki ki ika ora, kawea hoki hoko i nga pito o runga o te awa Neva ko Lake Ladoga. I tēnei wā, e tika ana ki ake te kounga o te maimoatanga wai, ika i roto i te raorao o te Neva Kei te haere atu, me te i runga i nga tahatika o te Fontanka mahi hī, ahakoa kahore tohunga e tūtohu te kai taro mau i roto i tona rotan pe'ape'ao me. Ika i piriti kei te tino rāhuitia. māngai te avifauna e tikanga Petersburg mō ngā momo Waterfowl - parera me karoro.

piriti

Shore he awa wai pērā i te awa Fontanka e hono e piriti 15, e ko ona wae matua. Ko te tino rongonui i roto ia ratou he: Laundry, tetahi o nga whitinga kohatu tuatahi hanga i roto i te St. Petersburg, Anichkov, he rongonui rōpū whakairo kaieke hōiho mahi Klodt, me piriti Ihipiana, te whakapaipai ki e rua sphinxes me wha maka-rino rama-whakapakoko. Ko te hit whakamutunga i runga i te hukapapa awa ko Tenuare 20, 1905 e tika ana ki te kōwarotanga puta i roto i te wahi o te matua hoia o Horse-Grenadier Regiment, a ka te mutunga whakahokia anake i roto i te 1955-1956. I roto i te rau tau XVIII, i hanga ai e whitu piriti mekameka rite ki Tīpae rakau. O enei Lomonosovski (Chernyshev mua) me Old-Kalinkin rongoa na tae noa ki ngā tohu whenua, engari kua whakakapia ratou wahi pokapū i te rino, me te maitai.

mātanga

Tata te Summer Garden i roto i te tau 1715-1722 i whakanohoia particularity wāhi hanga, i reira ki runga, ki te 1762 i hanga oko iti harangotengote. I te mutunga o te rau tau XVIII i runga i te pae o tona waina, me te tote warehouses i hanga, i te mea i huaina aha te te rohe te Tote City. Mai i tenei matatini hoahoanga tiaki hanga hahi o St. Panteleimon. Ko te wāhi i raro nei te taha maui o te piriti Anichkov i hanga ake i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX. He kua noho te kura ture, ka - Sheremetev Palace (puna Whare) ki te Anny Ahmatovoy Museum, me te mua Catherine Institute. I te pūtahitanga o Nevsky Prospect ko te whare o Prince Beloselsky-Belozersky, ka mua kari Izmailovo me te whenua o te punake Derzhavin.

I runga i te pareparenga matau o te awa ki huaina te awa Fontanka i St Petersburg i te Sinks manga me te ritenga te Summer Garden ko te Mikhailovsky Castle, hanga rite te noho o Paora ahau, a i te mea inaianei he manga o te Russian Museum. Next mai i te Shuvalov Palace, te wahi i reira ko te taonga tūmataiti o Faberge, Anichkov Palace, te ensemble o Lomonosov tapawha ki te whare o te Tāhuhu o mua o Taiwhenua, whakaturia i roto i te 1830 e Carlo Rossi. He hoki te whare o te St Petersburg State Circus, Drama Big Theatre, Yusupov Palace, me e tata ana te mangai - tinana Admiralty Shipyards. I roto i te 1994, i runga i te seafront i a St. Michael Castle ko te tohu o te pakiwaitara Pinihi-Pyzhik, tetahi o te iti i roto i St Petersburg. Ko te awa Fontanka tenei, Ko te tino mōhiohio, me te nui hoki te āhua ki te hītori o nei.