Hangarau rorohiko. He aha te e? He moka o te hītori, me te hou tikanga

Ki te titiro koe ki te hītori o te hangarau i roto i te ora rā ngā tata i tapa te wā "pūtaiao rorohiko". Tenei ti'araa i hanga tuatahi kihai i te auraa aua āhuatanga katoa e kua haumi i roto i reira i teie mahana. Na, kāore, te hopoia whakapono te nuinga o te iwi e rorohiko me te taputapu rorohiko - te kupu he taurite. Ko te hapa kitea tenei.

tikanga Science Rorohiko

Whakamāori i te tikanga o tenei wā e taea e tino rerekē, rawa hoki e taea rerekē papakupu tona tikanga i roto i ngā whakamārama rerekē.

Heoi, ki te whakatata tatou te tumu parau me te mea ki te ahua o te whakatau, ka taea e tatou te mea humarie taua rorohiko hangarau - te pūrere hangarau me te huinga o te tahi mau taputapu pāngarau, ngā tikanga, me ngā tikanga mō te aunoatanga (mechanization ranei) tukatuka o tetahi mōhiohio me ngā tukanga tātaitanga whakaahua ranei ranei he āhuatanga (tinana, mīhini, me pera i runga i. d.).

whakaurunga Rorohiko: He aha te e i roto i te tikanga whānui?

mohiotia hangarau Rorohiko ki te taata mo te wa roa. Ko te whakaaro tino tahito i nga rau o nga tau i mua i to tatou era, e taea te huaina, hei tauira, te taua takatātai Hainamana te takatātai, Roma ranei. Kua i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te mano tau i reira i taua pūrere, rite te tauine Knepper, Schickard tāpiri mīhini, kiriata ture, tatau mīhini Pascal, me te pera i runga i. D. whakawa mo koe, ka taea e ritenga o tenei ra i roto i te puka o tātaitai te pēnei humarie hoki ki te ahua o te rorohiko.

Otiia, kua riro te tikanga o te wā ake atu te auraa ki te haerenga mai o nga rorohiko tuatahi. ¶ Na i roto i te 1946, i te hanga o te rorohiko tuatahi, haapotohia rite ENIAC (i roto i te USSR i hanga he pūrere taua i roto i 1950 ka i huaina SECM) i roto i te United States.

Ki te rā, kua whänui maimoatanga noa atu. Ko te kupu, i te wā nei o te whanaketanga hangarau taea te whakaritea e te hangarau rorohiko - he:

• pūnaha rorohiko me ngā taputapu whakahaere whatunga;
• Aunoa pūnaha mana me raraunga (ngā mōhiohio) tukatuka;
• taputapu hoahoa aunoa, te whakatauira me te matakite;
• whanaketanga pūmanawa pūnaha, me ētahi atu

Noatia, haere te rārangi i runga i a i runga i, engari ko reira whakaaro enei wae te ki kia faufaa.

te tikanga mo te rorohiko

Na kia kite tatou he aha te tikanga i te tikanga o te rorohiko. I te ngakau o tetahi tukanga ko te mōhiohio ranei, rite mea ratou nei, raraunga. Ko whakaaro te ariā o te mōhiohio e ki kia kaua tuakiri, rite taea etahi tukanga kawe tikanga, me tetahi hoki hei tangata kotahi - e kore. Ko te kupu, mo te harmonization o ngā raraunga i whakawhanakehia ai e te waehere-rua, ka mohio nei e tetahi mīhini me te whakamahia ki te tukatuka raraunga atu whānui.

I roto i te tikanga e taea te tāutuhia ratou whakaaro hangarau (whakaaro pūtukatuka, mahara, tāuru / tāputa) me te pūmanawa, kahore nei tenei katoa "rino" ko tino memeha. kia hoki ki reira kia tuhia e te maha o ngā āhuatanga āhuatanga, pēnei i tapatahi, whaiaro ako-, hononga, me te te tauwhiti te pūnaha rorohiko e. He hoki pera-ka karanga pūnaha tātai, e pā ana ki te multiprocessor pūnaha, te whakarite tika, me te nui haere te taumata o te mahi e kore ko e he mau pūnaha kotahi-pūtukatuka. A anake taea ki te mea e he ratou nga rauemi rorohiko matua te katoa paihere o "rino" me te pūmanawa, ko te. O te akoranga, ka taea e koe te tāpiri i konei me ngā tūāhua, mo e te whakaahuatanga pāngarau o te tukanga, engari ka taea e te tango i te reira rawa he wa roa.

Ko te pūrere o rorohiko hou

katoa o enei whakamārama hoki, he reira taea ki te whakaahua me te mahi o rorohiko hou. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te whakakotahi ratou taputapu me ngā pūmanawa, me tetahi i waho te atu e kore e taea te mahi.

Ko te kupu, he rorohiko hou (Hardware) - he huinga o te taputapu hangarau mo te mahi o te taiao pūmanawa ki te mahi i etahi mahi, me hurihia (he huinga o ngā hōtaka mō "rino"). Ko te tika te nuinga ko te tauākī tuatahi, a kahore te tuarua, no te mea i roto i te mutunga, e hiahiatia ana tenei huinga e mo te tukatuka o ngā mōhiohio hou, me te putanga i te hua.

He pūrere rorohiko (Pūmārō) ngā maha ngā wāhanga matua, i waho e kore e taea te mahi i te reira i tetahi pūnaha kotahi. Ēnei ngā Motherboards, pūtukatuka, puku pakeke, mahara, te aroturuki i, papapātuhi, kiore, apatoko, (pūreretā, matawai, me ētahi atu), puku kōpae, me etahi atu. I roto i ngā o te pūmanawa te wahi tuatahi nohoia e te pūnaha whakahaere me ngā atekōkiri. rere tono pūnaha whakahaere, me te whakarato taraiwa te mahi tika o nga whakaaro katoa "rino".

He kupu ruarua e pā ana ki te whakarōpūtanga

Ka taea te whakarōpūtia pūnaha rorohiko Modern rite ki te maha paearu:

• parau tumu o te mahi (mamati, tairitenga, ranu);
• whakatupuranga (whakatinanatanga);
• taumahi (raruraru-te haamo'eraa, turanga, te kāinga, whakatapua, motuhake, ao);
• āhuatanga me taha (superlarge, ki Pālesi supersmall multiplayer ranei);
• tikanga o te whakamahi (te kāinga, tari, ahumahi);
• ētahi atu āhuatanga (tokomaha o pūtukatuka, hoahoanga, mahi, kiritaki).

he mārama rite, e kore e taea e rohe pau i roto i te whakamāramatanga o te piha haapiiraa mau. I roto i te parau tumu, i tetahi wehenga o ngā pūnaha hou ki ngā rōpū titiro tonu pono tikanga.