HTTP-pane: whakaahuatanga, tawhā, āhuatanga me te tūtohutanga

hāngai ana te Internet hou kei runga i te kōrero i waenganui i te kiritaki (pūtirotiro) me te tūmau. Na e taea e ratou te kōrero ki ia atu, kua whakawhanakehia ngā tikanga motuhake kua. Ko tētahi o enei ko te HTTP, me whakawhetai ki a ia, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi rere mā te pūtirotiro me te tirohanga HTML-whārangi.

He aha te HTTP-pane

HTTP - te reira i te ara ki HTML-whārangi faaiteraa i waenganui i rorohiko e rua. Ko te kawa whakaaro i roto i te tau 1990, me te ko tēnei wā te tikanga matua o te whakaatu whārangi ki Kuputuhiitua.

HTTP-pane - he aho e fetu'utaki rorohiko. Ko haamana'oraa o te kōrero i waenganui i te iwi tenei. Pūtirotiro ina whakatuwhera koe i te pae mahia e te tono, homai ana e ia ki a koutou i te mōhiohio e tika ana e pā ana ki a ratou ano (te reo, whenua, he tohutoro ki te rauemi, pata putanga, a na i runga i. N.). tonoa tenei mōhiohio katoa e ki te tūmau, me i reira e tu ana i te hōtaka motuhake (Apache, nginx, LiteSpeed me te ake. N.). pānui reira he aho riro a i runga i te pātai kei mahia e te whakautu.

Hei tauira, ua faaoti te tangata ki te whakatuwhera google.com, whakamōhio te reira i te hono i roto i te pouaka rapu, me te pūtirotiro mahia e te tono. HTTP-pane pūtirotiro herenga e whai ake:

Ko te rārangi tīmatanga	Whakaaturia google.com
pakirehua	au e ahau i Russia whakamahi ahau Google Chrome Me ahau he HTML-waehere E kōrero e pā ana ki te kaiwhakamahi ahau
tinana HTTP	titau ahau

tukanga i te tūmau te raraunga, me te mahia e te whakautu:

Ko te rārangi tīmatanga	Ko te pai katoa, i kitea te whārangi kua me mahi
whakahoki	mahi ahau i runga i Apache ke Whārangi 27.5.2017 whakawaehere UTF-8
te tinana karere	Haere i te whārangi waehere Tenei mōhiohio hou i te kaiwhakamahi (takiuru, kupuhipa)

tuku te tinana karere te whārangi HTML-waehere.

HTTPS Āhuatanga

Na te nuinga o nga pae ki te whitinga i runga i HTTP- HTTPS-hononga. Difference o te muri, ko te he whakamunatanga atu o ngā mōhiohio tuku katoa. I mua i te tīmatanga o te kiritaki utu titau SSL-tiwhikete mō te tūmau motuhēhēnga provverki. Hoki e kore te kaiwhakawhanake e huri, a taea tonu te reira ki te mahi i waho whakarereke o te waehere.

Ko te kiritaki i muri i te fariiraa i te arowhai tiwhikete reira mo te motuhēhē (whakataurite te tiwhikete i te tūmau me te tiwhikete ki te pokapū). Ki te he te pai katoa, ka tīmata te reira i te HTTP-kawa. I muri te whakau i nga pane e whakamuna mā tiwhikete RSA. Na ka taea e te hoariri tahae ngā mōhiohio nui kaiwhakamahi (ingoa takiuru, kupuhipa, me pera i runga i. N.).

Viewing HTTP-kōrero

taea te tiro HTTP-kōrero takitahi. Ka rite ki te whakamahia te parau te whakaiti motuhake - te rā, Pihikete, Kaihautū, Tūmau, me ētahi atu kite HTTP - .. Pane taea te whakamahi i te toronga pūtirotiro. Ka tauturu atoa te reira i roto i te ratonga ipurangi.

Hei tiro i te HTTP-pane o te monomai whakamahia:

• Firebug.
• Pane HTTP Live.
• pane HTTP.

O ngā ratonga ipurangi, te whakamahi i:

• Bertal.ru.
• stupid.su.
• Speed-Tester.Info.

Haukoti whiwhi ratou i te pane tūmau, me te whakaatu ia ratou i roto i te matapihi motuhake. A i tetahi whārangi taea te whiwhi i 100-200 ngā taitara, a taea te tonoa ratou wā etahi wa i muri. Hei tauira, ki te tirohia te ipurangi i roto i whatunga pāpori.

Ka taea te wehea HTTP-pane ki wha momo:

• (Ngā pane General) General - whakamahia i roto i te tono, me te whakautu;
• ki te tono (ngā pane Tono) - mo te tono;
• mō te whakautu (ngā pane Response) - whakahoki;
• Mōhiohio e pā ana te hinonga (Hinonga ngā pane) - ngā pātai me whakautu.

Ko te rārangi tīmatanga o te kiritaki

Hei tīmata i te utu o ngā mōhiohio, te tuatahi i hanga te raina matua. Kiritaki reira ta te kōnae ahanoa ranei me ia. Hoki tenei whakaaro etahi ara o mahi ki te kawa. Hanganga o te aho tīmatanga titoa te o e toru ngā wāhanga:

tikanga uiui	ahanoa	kawa
POST	/c840024/upload.php	HTTP / 1.1

Muri iho, kia mohio i reira ko te aho, me te Kaihautū tohua URL-wāhitau o te pae. He tikanga rerekē o te uiui. maha whakamahi hötaka:

• GET - tono mō ngā mōhiohio (tonoa urupare te ki te tūmau i roto i te hononga).
• POST - te tuku kōrero ki te tūmau he ara huna (kore he kitea i roto i te pae wāhitau te whakahoki).
• HEAD - te taua rite KIMI, engari te hoki tūmau te taitara anake.
• TUKU - whakawhiti o ngā tono nui mō te URL;

I muri te tuku i te aho tīmatanga aru e te tahi atu mau upoo parau katoa - Agent Kaiwhakamahi, Pihikete, me ētahi atu kore te maimoatanga tuatahi e kore e taea ki te tīmata whakawhitiwhiti mōhiohio i runga i HTTP ... E hoki Pane anake te tua i roto i te kawa 1.0 me e kore e whakawhiti.

Ko te whakawhiti o ngā mōhiohio i te kiritaki

I muri i te whakawhitinga o te aho tīmatanga, te kiritaki e tuku ona raraunga ki te hautū, hei tauira, putanga pūtirotiro, ka whakamahia te reo. Ki te hiahiatia, kia te tūmau atu tono me ētahi atu mōhiohio mai i te kiritaki:

E hiahiatia ana (te tuku tonu) HTTP-tono pane ko te Kaihautū, Referer, Agent Kaiwhakamahi me te Manakohia.

I te tono pā pane te kaihātepe kore e taea, e hanga e ratou i te pūtirotiro. Whirihorahia ratou whakawhiti e taea e i roto i te hōtaka i roto i roha atu.

Tūmau HTTP-pane - whakautu ki ngā tono mō te whārangi

I muri i te fariiraa i tono i te kiritaki, e tuku te whārangi te tūmau etahi aho. I roto i te php mō te tuku HTTP - te taitara whakamahia e te pane () mahi. Hei tauira, ka taea e koe te pūrongo i te wāhi hou o te whārangi:

pane ( 'Wāhi: http://www.site.com/').

Mai i te whārangi i runga i te tūmau ki nga raraunga kiritaki tonoa ki te kōrero e tika ana. Ka taea e tēnei tikanga ako i te mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana i te tūmau:

Te nuinga Me enei tono ki tika whakaatu i te whārangi i roto i te pūtirotiro. E whakamahia ratou ki te whakapai ake i te tere o te tāuta whārangi.

kupu matua ngako

He taitara e whakapae i te tono, me te whakautu, e here ana i ia tono te ki te hinonga ngā (ki te whārangi HTML-waehere). Ngā mihi ki enei tono te pūtirotiro āta kōrero e pā ana ki te whārangi. Kei te mātātoa te whakamahia ratou mo te Keteroki.

Ko te taitara tino rongonui ko tino he Last-Whakakē. kia tonoa tenei tono i rua te pūtirotiro ki te tūmau, me te hurihia. Na roto i tenei taitara kitea e te kiritaki i roto i ranei he mea e tika ana ki te whakahou i tona keteroki. Tauira kōrero :

Kiritaki: "E e ahau he keteroki o 05.16.2016, ki te puta ke te whārangi i runga i te tūmau?"

Tūmau: "Ae, kua puta ke te keteroki 03.19.2017, he konei he putanga hou."

whakautu tūmau

Ki runga ki te taenga o te raina tīmatanga i te kiritaki, mahia te tūmau te whakautu.

HTTP	putanga Kawa	tūnga taitara	whakamārama
HTTP	1.1	200	OK

Ki te whakapumautia te tūnga hononga kei, ka taea e te tūmau tukua atu te kiritaki te mōhiohio tonoa.

Ka taea te kite Tauira http-kōrero i roto i te pikitia i raro nei.

Tono hanga he kaihātepe i te whārangi mā te whakamahi i te pane ().

waehere tūnga

Hei haere tonu te whakawhitiwhiti kiritaki Me ki kia tino e mahi nga mea katoa i runga i te whakahaere, me te whakaaturia tika. Ki te whakarite i tēnei, i whakaaro te statuses o whakautu. tohu ratou te maha toru-mati.

tūnga Whakawhiti, ka taea e koe te tīmata ki te whārangi rite te taitara, pērā i pane ( «http / 1.1 200 Ok»).

whārangi keteroki

Ki te tere ake te tukanga o te utu o ngā whārangi, i whakaaro ai Keteroki. Kei te rongoa Whārangi roto i te puka kōpeke i runga i te toa rorohiko rohe. Na Taitara kore e whai ki te mahara ki te unga ngā kōnae nui. Me anake koe ki te kia e te mōhiohio i runga i te hautū me te kiritaki, ko te taua.

Hanga he tono raina keteroki motuhake, i muri i te whiwhi i te pane e hautū i te arowhai kiritaki ki te kite, ki te he ia he keteroki mo te whārangi. Ki te kore, tono ai i te reira i te tūmau. I roto i te heke mai, i mua i te whakauru i te pūtirotiro i roto i te kawa, ka anake tirohia reira mēnā e kore i puta ke te keteroki i runga i te tūmau.

Hei tirohia ngā mōhiohio poto i runga i hāngai, kua tohua i roto i te mana ngā pane HTTP. Ko te kiritaki e tuku pārongo e pā ana ki te mea kōnae e rohe penapena i roto i reira, a ka tohu te tūmau tona putanga. Ki te ōrite ratou, te pūtirotiro whakaatu noa tona putanga o te keteroki.

Hoki Seo-Arotautanga Me tika ki te whakarite i tētahi rā i roto i te pane HTTP. Hoki enei take-whakakētia Last te. I tua atu, e taea te whakahōu i te keteroki etahi wa o te rokiroki i muri. Hoki Ka pau te tenei whakaaro. Hei whirihora i te keteroki whakamahia Cache-Mana, no te mea e taea tukua reira te whakakahoretia e ki te whakaora mōhiohio i te whārangi ranei.

tatūnga keteroki Totonu taea ki a koe neke hohoro ratou rauemi i roto i te take runga mo engines rapu. Hātepe Yandex ko Google wā tirotiro i te pae, me te tiaki i tona moni i roto i toku pukapuka. I muri i te ia tahuri ratou ki te tūmau ki tirohia te hāngaitanga o te wā ngā mōhiohio. Ki te puta ke, kua te mōhiohio, puta te whakahou kōnae i runga i te tūmau search engine, a he anō-fakahokohoko te raraunga.

Ētahi tohutohu ki te whakawhiti taitara rā Last-whakakētia nāianei, tumanako e te karetao no te mea ka pupuri i te reira i ratou i roto i runga rapu tuhinga issuance. Otiia tahuri te reira i roto i taua kua te hātepe ki te huri ano wa katoa te mōhiohio i roto i te keteroki me re-taupū reira. e kore e arahi te reira tonu ki hua pai, me te tahi mau taime e taea kē te tūranga o te tuhinga anake.

I te URL-hono i roto i te pae pūtirotiro

Ki te whakawhiwhi ki te whakahaere i whakamōhio te kaiwhakamahi i ia wa te URL-hono ki tō pūtirotiro. Tenei huinga pūāhua kua he hanganga tino, ka tuku te mōhiohio e tika ana te therethrough. Kei hono Hanganga o e rima ngā wāhanga:

• kawa;
• ahanoa e minaminatia me tona wāhitau;
• whāwhā tauranga;
• rārangi-HTTP (te tuku tikanga GET);
• uiui-waehere.

Ki te awhina o nga hononga koutou e taea e te uru ki te momo o ngā whārangi HTTP, PHP kore anake, me pera i runga i. N. Na roto i a ratou he reira taea ki te rapu i roto i ngā pātengi raraunga, tonoa mōhiohio ki tētahi atu rorohiko ranei. Ko te maha tenei tikanga mūrere whakahaere SQL-werohia, me te whānuitanga o ngā tikanga ki te tahae ngā mōhiohio i te pae pātengi raraunga.

drawback URL ko te kore o te tautoko i ētahi atu ngā arapū - whakamahia te nuinga Latin. No te mea o tenei, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaaro tika i roto i te taitara haapotohia o te tuhinga i mua i te tānga. I muri i te katoa, ka aromātai te hono search engine te whaihua o te rauemi me te mōhiohio e taea whakarato i tētahi whārangi mō te kaiwhakamahi. Na reira, i roto i Seo-Arotautanga kia whakarongo motuhake utua ki te hanganga o te URL tika mo te tuhinga.