Iwi Perm Krai: ngā tikanga, te ahurea, me te hia kē

I roto i te aamu o te rohe Perm i reira multiethnic. I teie mahana, ko reira te kāinga ki ngā iwi rerekē 125. noho aha iwi Perm? Ko tētahi o ratou ko taketake ki te rohe?

Perm

Na roto i te rohe o te rohe i waenganui i Europe a Ahia. Kei te wāhi nui kei runga i te mata ki te rawhiti o te wahi Pākehā o Russia. I roto i te raki rohe reira ki te Republic o Komi, Bashkortostan - i roto i te tonga, Sverdlovsk rohe - i roto i te rawhiti me te i roto i te-uru raki ko te rohe Kirov.

mātauranga Modern - Perm - i hanga i roto i 2005 i muri i te whakakotahitanga o te rohe Perm me Komi-Perm motuhake District. Ko te pa o Perm te pokapū whakahaere matua. Ko te rohe o te rohe i nohoia e te tangata rite wawe rite te wā Paleolithic. anga āhua whanaketanga Active o Russian i te rau tau XVI, a kaha i roto i te rau tau XVII, i muri i te kitea o te parahi, me te koura.

He tino kanorau nga iwi o te rohe Perm me ratou iho. I roto i te rohe o 160 kiromita tapawha, he taupori o āhua 125 Iwi. Ko te katoa maha o te taupori - 2.6 miriona te iwi. Predominates te taupori tāone i runga i te kainga, ko reira 75%.

noho aha iwi Perm?

maha ngā iwi me iwi e noho ana i roto i te rohe. O enei, te tuatahi, tūturu hoki tenei rohe e whitu anake. He maha Reo o nga iwi o te rohe Perm. I roto i e wehea nga ngā iwi taketake ki Finno-Ugric, Slavonic (Russian), Turkic.

māngai te taupori matua e Russian (2.1 miriona). Ko te whai ake E numera Tatar (115 mano.) Komi Permiaks (80 th.), Bashkirs (30 th.), Udmurts (20 th.) A Ukrainian (16 th.). He Neke atu i wha mano iwi Belarusians, Tiamana, Chuvash ko Mari. Ētahi atu iwi Perm mata aroaro i roto i te tokoiti. I roto ia ratou Ararata, Azerbaijanis, Turkey, Ingush, Komi-yazvintsy, Mordvinians, Gypsies, Moldavians, Mansi, Korea, Hainamana, Georgians, Chechens me etahi atu.

E whakaatu ana i te iwi taketake Perm mata e toru ngā rōpū nui: Finno-Ugric, Turk ko Slavic. I roto i te wā i XV ki XVI rautau i roto i te taha o runga o te kama noho nga tupuna o te Komi-Perm. Ko te wahi tonga o te rohe i nohoia e te Bashkirs me Tatars. I runga i te rohe, ko te hoki te kāinga Udmurt, Mansi ko Mari. Kua tae mai taupori Russian e pā ana ki konei i roto i te rau tau XVI, hohoro ka matua.

Mari

kia rerekē i roto i ngā reo rerekē te ingoa o nga iwi o te rohe Perm. Hei tauira, nuitia huaina Mari Mara ano mare ranei. no tenei iwi ki te rōpū iwi Finno-Ugric. E whakanohoia ratou i roto i te rohe i waenganui i te Täingäwai me Vetluga. Te nuinga o ratou ora i roto i te Republic Russian o Mari El, me rite i roto i te rohe Täingäwai me nga Urals.

pūtake tikanga tangata he momo suburalskomu ratou, me ngā āhuatanga atu korerotia o te iwi Mongoloid. Iwitanga i hanga e hoki i roto i ahau mano. N. e. Ratou ahurea me te ara o te ora e te nuinga rite ki te Chuvash ratou. Kei te iwi o ngā iwi e whā i roto i te kawanatanga e ora te nuinga Kungurskye Mari.

Wāhanga o te iwi whakaae Ofotokisií, ahakoa te whakapono matua ko te karakia tuku iho. I roto i tenei take, ko reira ngā kōrero rongonui, ngā ki te monotheism. hāngai Mari peikani te i runga i te karakia o nga ope o te natura, te pure nei e wahi i roto i te Aherimi tapu (i roto i te coude hanga tikanga).

aroaro kākahu Folk he sote, koti, whakairo, tarau me te caftan, whitiki ki te whitiki runga tauera ranei. kakahu Women whakapaipai i hanga o moni, anga, pirepire. Hat Ko te tauera ki hu - Sharpan, e wha tekau ranei pōtae koeke. kakahu tangata pōtae ki brims.

Udmurt

taupori Autochthonous o te kama me te Urals - Udmurtia. No te reira ki te iwi Finno-Ugric, me pera me etahi atu iwi o Perm Krai. Tata ki a ia ko nga iwi Komi-Permyak ko Komi, ahakoa kaha te awe te ora me te ahurea i ngā tikanga Russian me Tatar. Te nuinga o te taupori he Karaitiana Siu, engari i reira he āhuatanga o ngā whakapono iwi kua tiaki i roto i nga kainga.

Udmurt ngā wāhi i roto i te ahuwhenua (witi me rīwai) me kararehe tupuranga, hopu me te kohikohi, Beekeeping me te hī ika. noho ratou i roto i te hapori tata, i reira noho e rave rahi mau utuafare i roto i te rohe taua. Whai wāhi i roto i te whakairo, pūāhuru, rakau, raranga, me te pōtaka.

hanga karakia (Kuala) mo te inoi i, rite Mari, i roto i te ngahere. Ko te whare i te oumu ki te kōhua whakatārewatia, bunks hoki moe me te kokonga whero (tepu, me te heamana) mo te matenga o te utuafare. ngā kākahu Women o o te hāte, koti, whakapai ki te wereweti Mihapipi me te hope. whakapaipai ratou ratou moni, mowhiti, pirepire. kakahu nga tangata i te tarau purepure, blouses, pōtae felted puru, me te ma.

Komi-Permyak

karanga iwi ratou māngai o te Komi Komi mort tamaroraa ranei. noho ratou te nuinga i roto i te rohe o te Permian Komi District mua. No te reira ki te rōpū Finno-Ugric. Reo me ngā kōrero tuku iho i te ōrite nui ki te iwi Komi. Literature i roto i te reo o te iwi tata kahore.

Ko te mahi matua o te Komi-Perm ko te ahuwhenua, mara kararehe, hopu, te hī, raranga, pottery, takahuri. I tēnei wā, he mea rakau tukatuka me te ahuwhenua. Ka rite ki nga iwi maha o te rohe Perm me Komi-Permian nga tauiwi, engari i whakawhitia ki a Karaitiana te nuinga. Ko wai te whai ana ki te whakahauora i te whakapono iwi.

ko kakahu Traditional tuatahi tae puru, me te pango, a muri i reira nga atu tae, ka ki runga ki te hāte Tāpiri Pikitia "pūtau". ngā pūeru Women o o te hāte koti, i runga i te sundress tawhito. I te tahi taime sundress taupaki tawhito. Pōtae - haurangi corbel, whakapaipai ki te ngira, me whakapaipai. kakahu nga tangata i te koti whakairo koti, potaea whitiki me tarau. I ona waewae he ngeru pogaleshki me hu.

Muncie

E pā ana te matawaka ki te iwi Mansi Ugric. I roto i Russia, nga māngai o te iwi i te iti moka. ora te taupori matua i roto i te Khanty-Mansiysk motuhake Okrug. Otiia Mansi He iwi taketake i roto i te rohe Perm. I roto i te rohe i reira he he torutoru noa te iwi (ki runga, ki te 40), e noho ana i roto i te Rahui Vishera.

e pā ana Iwi Māori rōpū ki te reo Mansi te ki te rōpū Ob-Ugric. Ahurea, tino tata ki te Mansi me Khanty a Hungali. Nga whakapono, me ki 'Ofotokisií, tiaki iwi pūrākau me te shamanism. whakapono Muncie i roto i wairua kaitiaki.

I roto i te mahi tuku iho - renitia te faaamuraa i, te hī, hopu, ahuwhenua me te mara kararehe. hanga kaupeka Housing. noho Winter tinana i roto i te whare whare ranei i te momo Russian raumati i roto i teneti o hanga koeke hanga o kiri birch. mahi Open takuahi hanga o amo rite whakawera me te puna marama. He āhuatanga āhuatanga o te Mansi i e kore ratou i whakamahi harore, tae atu ratou whare ki nga wairua kino.

take Wahine kanohi tārere koroka kakahu satin ranei me kakahu. kakahu e ahau he kameta me te rota o te whakapaipai. i hāte me tarau nga tangata; I te nuinga o te kakahu ki te autahu'araa o te kakahu.

Tatars

Tatars He iwi Turkic. A wehea whānuitia i runga i te rohe o Russia (tuarua te tokomaha o te iwi). ora ratou i roto i te rohe kama, Urals, te rohe Täingäwai, te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti me Siberia. I roto i te rohe Perm he hakari i tata katoa te takiwa Tatars.

no Tatar reo ki te whānau Altaic. Ko te nuinga o te iwi no ki nga Mahometa Sunni, ahakoa i reira e Karaitiana Siu me atheists. mahi ngātahi te kama Tatars ki te Bashkirs, i arahina ki te mana tahi ki runga ki tetahi ki tetahi ahurea.

he rerekē i roto i Tatars iwi rerekē kākahu National. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te kākahu wahine - he roa tarau hāte-kākahu. Top i hoatu i runga i te Mihapipi whakairo, ka mau kakahu rite outerwear. I te matenga mau he potae, kameta pōtae kalfak ranei. kakahu nga tangata i te pōtae Felt mo skullcaps. Whakapaipai hoki wahine i hanga i te whakarewa.

Bashkirs

Ko tētahi atu rōpū o te iwi o Turkic - reira Bashkirs. ora te taupori matua i roto i te Republic o Bashkortostan. Ko te reo ā-motu, ko te Pahikia. Ka rite ki te Tatar, no reira ki te whānau Altaic. Ko te māngai o te iwi - Mahometa he Sunni.

Ko tata ki te iwi Turkic Bashkirs, ahakoa whai wāhi hoki ratou i roto i te ethnogenesis o nga Iranians me iwi Finno-Ugric. arahina te iwi i te huru oraraa āhua-hikihiki, mahi i roto i te mara kararehe. I te wa ano i whai wāhi ia i roto i te hī ika, hopu, apiculture, ahuwhenua, e kohikohi. I roto i te mahi toi i whatu, hanga o hooro me whariki. Bashkirs matau i roto i te whakapaipai me te rikarika ki.

Tuituia ana kākahu Folk sheepskin. Wahine me te tangata kakahu tarau ki taahiraa whānui. Top hoatu i runga i te kakahu (rerekē i roto i nga wahine, me te tangata). kakahu ano he polukaftan koroka, kamzul. I reira te rota o kakahu ngira, applique. hora potae i pōtae, tauera ki potae-ushanok. tauira i runga whakairo katoa. kakahu nga tangata i te skullcap, a ua pōtae.

mutunga

He tino rerekē i ia atu nga iwi o te rohe Perm me ratou iho. Ko te rohe kua tonu kua āhuatanga multiethnic, uouangataha iwi puta noa kihai i kitea tona rohe. I mua, ko tonu etahi iwi i wahi tetahi ki tetahi i roto i te rapu o te tikanga tino pai mo te ora.

I roto i te rau tau XV, noho e rave rahi iwi i roto i te rohe Perm, a nei tupuna i hanga nga iwi o te rohe Perm. Culture me ka hia kē o enei iwi kihai i whakawhanake i roto i te noho wehe, engari tahi awe tahi i te tahi. Hei tauira, riro Udmurt āhuatanga ahurea Tatars ki te Tatars, i roto i te tahuri, te awe i te Bashkirs.

Te pānga nui i runga i te ahurea o te iwi i te Russian e kei roto i te rau tau XVII kua, nui taea ana i roto i tau. Na ki te kakahu tuku iho, me te āhua tautoko i te ngoikore. I roto i ngā, ka mohio māngai i roto i te karakia, ahakoa tokomaha Karaitianatanga. maha ratou reo e whakamahia rite te tuarua, rite te tuatahi - Russian.