Kaituhi Helena Blavatsky - kaiwhakarewa o te Theosophical Society. Haurongo, auahatanga

whanau Writer Helena Blavatsky i Hōngongoi 31, 1831 i roto i te pa o Ekaterinoslav (inaianei Dnepropetrovsk). I ia te kawei rangatira. i mohiotia ona tupuna ki diplomats me rangatira. Whanaunga Helena - Sergey Yulevich Vitte - mahi ia rite Minita o Finance o te Russian Empire i 1892 ki te 1903.

Family me Childhood

I te whanautanga o Helena Blavatsky i te ingoa Tiamana Gan, i riro ia i tona papa. Nā ki te meka i ko ia i roto i te hōia, i te whānau ki te neke tonu huri noa i te motu (Saint-Petersburg, Saratov, Odessa, a na i runga i. D.). I roto i te 1848, i mahi ia ki a Nikifor Blavatsky - kawana o Erivan kawanatanga. Heoi, i kore muri i te faaipoiporaa roa. He marama torutoru i muri i te marena rere atu i tana tahu Helena Blavatsky, a ka haere ki te taihaere huri noa te ao. Ko te tūemi tuatahi i runga i tona haere ka Constantinople (Istanbul).

Helena Blavatsky e pā ana ki Russia me tau tona tamarikitanga i roto i tona kāinga mahara ki te mahana. whakaratohia e te whānau ia ki nga mea katoa e hiahia ana koe ki te whakarato i te mātauranga o te kounga.

Haere i roto i tona tamarikitanga

I roto i te whakapaipai Turkish, rave te kotiro i te taha o te meka e te kaieke maninirau. A, no te i te aituā ia whawhati tona ringa, faaoti Elena ki te neke ki London. Ko te moni i ia: roaa ia ia, a riro remittances tonoa e tona papa Petrom Alekseevichem Ganom.

Mai Helena Blavatsky kore i pupuri i te rātaka, te aroturuki tona whakarau te i roto i tere rawa mārama. E rave rahi o ona ngā kaituhi whakahē, te wahi i tae mai ia, a e ara nga hau anake.

Nuinga o ngā wā, kairangahau whakahua e i te mutunga o nga 40s haere te kaituhi ki Ihipa. timata te take mo tenei marama ki alchemy me Freemasonry. He maha ngā mema o te ruma i roto i o ratou whare pukapuka, ngā pukapuka, te pānui hiahiatia, i ngā te rōrahi o te Ihipiana "pukapuka o te Dead," "Code o Nahareta", "te whakaaro nui o Horomona", me ētahi atu hoki nga kaimahi kohatu, i reira nga rua pokapū fakalaumālie matua - .. Ihipa ko India. Ko reira ki enei whenua e pā ana ki te maha rapua ki Blavatsky, tae atu "he hipoki Isis." Heoi, e tuhituhi ia he pukapuka i roto i tona koroheketanga. I roto i tona tamarikitanga, riro te kotiro wheako me te matauranga mahi tika ki te taiao ora o rerekē ngā ahurea ao.

Tae i roto i Kairo, haere Elena ki te koraha Sahara ki ako i te ao Ihipa tawhito. kahore ki te mahi ki nga Arapi, e kingi hoki e rave rahi tenetere i runga i nga pareparenga o te awa enei iwi i. Knowledge o nga Ihipiana i tahito i tohaina i runga i te momo o kaupapa - i te pāngarau ki rongoa. Ko ratou te tumu parau o te ako tupato Helena Blavatsky.

I muri Ihipa ko Europe. Here i oti rawa ia ki te toi. I roto i ngā, ka mau ia mau haapiiraa piana i te virtuoso rongonui Bohemian Ignatsa Moshelesa. Ki te wheako, i hoatu noa ia kōnohete tūmatanui i roto i pane Pākehā.

I roto i te 1851, pobyla Helena Blavatsky i London. I reira i taea e ki te whakatau mo te wa tuatahi ki te tūturu Indian ia. Ko ratou Mahatma Morya. Heoi, ki te rā i kitea kahore taunakitanga o te oraraa o tenei tangata. Kia kua reira he tokonga Blavatsky, mahi ngā tikanga huraina me theosophical.

Heoi, ko te Mahatma Morya te faaururaa mo Helen. I roto i te tau 50 i ia i roto i Tibet, i reira ako ia tipua rohe. E ai ki ngā whakatau tata rerekē o kairangahau, i reira Helena Petrovna Blavatsky hoki e pā ana ki whitu nga tau, haere wā ki te haere ki era atu wahi o te ao, tae atu i te Hau Amui no Marite.

Ko te hanganga o te mau haapiiraa Theosophical

Ko reira i roto i i hanga te haapiiraa tumu e whakaaetia, ka taunaki i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai Helena Petrovna Blavatsky enei tau. Ko te ahua i rawe ki o theosophy. E ai ki a ia, piri te wairua tangata te ki te atua. Tenei te tikanga e i roto i te ao i reira e etahi matauranga ki tua atu i te pūtaiao i he wātea anake ki te whiriwhiri, me te marama. Ko reira he ahua o te syncretism fakalotu - he ripeka i waenganui i maha ngā ahurea me ngā pūrākau o iwi rerekē i roto i te kotahi whakaako. E kore te mea poitirere tenei, mai riro Blavatsky te matauranga o nga whenua maha wahi i tae mai ia i roto i tona tamarikitanga.

Ko te mana nui i runga i Helen i kaupapa Indian, kua tipu nei i roto i te noho wehe mo mano o nga tau. Blavatsky, ngā ano Theosophy Buddhism me Brahmanism, rongonui i roto i nga iwi o India. I roto i tona whakaako ki Helen whakamahi i te wā "Karma" me "fanau'i sino". Theosophy te haapiiraa tumu awe e taua iwi rongonui rite Mahatma Gandhi, Nikolay Rerih ko Wassily Kandinsky.

Tibet

I roto i te 50s Russia wā (pera ki te korero Taenga mai o te) tae mai Helena Blavatsky. miharo wahine haurongo te iwi whānui rohe. pau ia apiapi seances, i meinga rongonui i roto i St Petersburg. I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 60raa tae mai ia i te Caucasus, te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti me Kariki. Na ka tamata ia te wā tuatahi ki te whakarite i te hapori o pǐpǐ me hoa. I roto i te Kairo, whakaturia ia ki te mahi. Heoi i reira ko he "Spiritist Society". Heoi, i kore muri roa i te reira, engari ko te reira i te tahi atu wheako fakafiemālie.

I aru tenei e tetahi haere roa ki Tibet - ka tae mai Blavatsky Laos me Karakoram maunga. i taea e ki te haere ki te cloister, te wahi kua kahore tetahi i te aroaro o tetahi Pakeha ia. Otiia ko taua te āheinga o Helena Blavatsky.

roto wahine Books maha tohutoro ki Tibet ahurea me te ora i roto i te mau hiero Putihi. Ko reira i reira i whiwhi nga rauemi faufaa, i ngā nei i roto i te putanga o "reo o puku."

Taunga ki Genri Olkottom

I roto i nga tau 70 o Helena Blavatsky, ka rongonui nei kaupapa, timata ngā mahi kaikauwhau, me te kaiako i te pae varua. Na ka oho ia ki te United States, i reira riro ia ia tangata whenua, a ka mau tukanga Tuhinga wahi. Na ka riro te reira i te hoa nui o Genri Stil Olcott.

Ko reira he rōia, riro te paetukutuku o kānara i roto i te Civil War American. I whakaritea e ia te kōmihana o te Pakanga Tāhuhu ki te tirotiro pirau i roto i nga kamupene e tuku i te kariri. I muri i te whawhai, ka e ia he ture angitu, me te mema o te Collegium New York, he mana. Tona whāiti ngā takoha, utu, me te inihua rawa.

tupu hoki te whakauru Olcott tahutahu i roto i te tau 1844. He nui i muri, ka tutaki ia Helena Blavatsky, i haere ki te haere i te ao, me te whakaako. Ua tauturu atoa ia ki a ia tīmata mahi tuhituhi, i te whakaaetia ia ki te tuhinga "he hipoki Isis."

hapori Theosophical

Whiringa 17, 1875 Helena Blavatsky me Genri Olkott whakaturia te Theosophical Society. Ko tōna whāinga matua ko te hiahia ki te whakakotahi te iwi rite-whakaaro huri noa te ao, ahakoa o iwi, sex, kaihe me te whakapono. Hoki tenei mahi i runga i te ako me te whakarite o nga tikanga ngā, akonoanga, me ngā kura taumauri i whakaritea ai. meatia tenei katoa i roto i te tikanga ki te mohio te unknown ki te taata te mau ture o te natura, me te ao. tohutohu enei whāinga katoa i roto i te Tūtohinga o te Theosophical Society.

I tua atu ki te kaiwhakatū, ka mau te reira i te rota o te iwi rongonui. Hei tauira, ko reira Thomas Edison - .. Entrepreneur me te ihi, Uilyam Kruks (Palesiteni o te Royal Society, kēmihi), arorangi Wīwī Camille Flammarion, kaititiro whetu, me te occultist Maks Gendel, etc. te Theosophical Society kua meinga hei tūāpapa mō te tautohe hinengaro, me te tautohe.

Tīmata tuhituhi mahi

Hei horahia e te mau haapiiraa o te whakahaere, ka haere Blavatsky ko Olcott i roto i 1879 ki India. I tenei wa i te mahi tuhituhi Elena whati. Tuatahi, whakaputa i te wahine wā pukapuka hou. Tuarua, kua whakapumautia te reira iho rite te kaituhi hohonu, me te ngā. maioha tona taranata i roto i Russia, te wahi paaki i te Blavatsky i roto i "Moscow Gazette" me "Russian Journal". I te wa ano, ko ia te ētita o tona moheni ake "Theosophist". I roto i te reira, hei tauira, te tuatahi puta i roto i te translation Ingarihi o te matenga o te reo o te pukapuka a Dostoevsky "te Brothers Karamazov." Ko te kupu whakarite o te Inquisitor Grand - he wāhanga pokapū o te pukapuka whakamutunga o te kaituhi nui Russian.

i hanga Travel Blavatsky te pūtake o ona pukapuka me ngā kōrero haere, whakaputaina i roto i ngā pukapuka. Ka rite ki te tauira, hua "iwi Fakahēvaní Blue Mountain" me "uru raau i te ana, me te whenua nui o Īnia." I roto i te 1880, riro Buddhism te ahanoa hou o ako, i whakahaere Helena Blavatsky. Reviews mo tona mahi whakaputaina i roto i ngā nūpepa me tāia e. I roto i te tikanga ki te ako e pā ana ki Buddhism nui taea, haere Blavatsky ko Olcott ki Ceylon.

"He hipoki Isis"

"He hipoki Isis" ko te pukapuka nui tuatahi, whakaputaina e Helena Blavatsky. haere mai ia i roto i roto i rua pukapuka i roto i te 1877, ka roto he awa nui o te matauranga me te whakaaroaro ana i runga i te rapunga whakaaro huraina.

tamata te kaituhi ki te whakarite i te maha kaipūtaiao onamata, te Middle ake me te Renaissance. he maha nui o ngā hononga i runga i te mahi o Pythagoras, Plato, Giordano Bruno, Paracelsus me t roto i te kuputuhi. D.

I tua atu, i te "Isis" whakaaro akonaki fakalotu: Hinitu, Buddhism, Karaitiana, Zoroastrianism. I te tīmatanga ka hapu rite te arotake pukapuka o nga kura Eastern o rapunga whakaaro. timata te mahi i runga i te mahana o te turanga o te Theosophical Society. Ko te whakahaere o tenei hanganga roa hua tuku. Anake kotahi i roto i te New York, i kauwhautia ai te whakatūnga o te kaupapa, ka anga mahi kaha i runga i te tuhi pukapuka. kaha i āwhina Blavatsky ka Genri Olkott, ko wai i i taua wa tona hoa matua me te collaborator.

Ka rite ki haamana'ohia e ia ia he rōia mua, e kore i te aroaro o Blavatsky kihai i mahi ki taua ngakau nui, me te manawanui. I roto i te meka, kua whakarāpopoto reira i roto i tona mahi riro te wheako maha-faceted katoa i runga i maha nga tau o haere ki rerekē pito o te ao.

Ko te pukapuka i te tīmatanga Nō te "kī ki te kuwaha ngaro", rite ki te kaituhi i mea i roto i te pukapuka ki Aleksandru Aksakovu. I muri i whakaritea e ai ki taitara te rōrahi tuatahi rite "te arai o Isis." Heoi, ko te kaiwhakaputa Ingarangi, e mahi i runga i te putanga tuatahi, kitea e ahau i roto i taua ki te ingoa o te pukapuka ko te i roto i teie nei (ko reira wā theosophical noa). Na reira, "hipoki Isis" i tangohia te putanga whakamutunga o. kitea te reira i te moni Blavatsky taitamariki ki te ahurea o Ihipa i tahito ra.

Ko te pukapuka i te rota o whakaaro me ngā whāinga. Neke atu i te nga tau, pūkenga o Blavatsky rerekē whakatakoto ratou. Hei tauira, te tānga tuatahi i roto i te Basileia United roto he omuaraa i te kaiwhakaputa. I roto i te reira, parau ia te kaipānui e kei te pukapuka he maha rawa nui o ngā puna o te theosophy me fakamēsikí, e anake vai i roto i te tuhinga i mua. Tenei te tikanga e taea te tiki rite tata ki whakautu te pātai o te oraraa o te matauranga ngaro e mahi rite te puna o te mau haapaoraa me cults o nga iwi o te ao katoa te kaipānui.

Aleksandr Senkevich (tetahi o nga kairangahau tino Blavatsky rārangi pukapuka) i roto i ona ake whakatakoto i te kupu matua o "Isis he hipoki." I roto i tona mahi i runga i te haurongo o te kaituhituhi, faataa ia e tenei pukapuka ko te tauira o te faaino o te whakahaere hahi, kohinga o ariā e pā ana ki ari ira me nga mea ngaro o te natura. "Isis," e tūhura ana nga mea ngaro o te mau haapiiraa Kabbalistic, whakaaro korero hohonu o Buddhism, me te ratou whakaaro i roto i te Karaitiana me ētahi atu mau haapaoraa ao. tuhia hoki Sienkiewicz e i taea ki te whakamatau i te oraraa o matū wenewene Blavatsky.

utua ngā aro te ki sotaiete ngaro. Te reira i kaimahi kohatu, me te kau Sēsutí. Ratou matauranga kua meinga whenua hua, i whakamahia te Helena Blavatsky. Quotes i "Isis" i muri ka pehu puta i roto i nga karaipiture tipua, me te theosophical o ona muimuí.

Ki te arotahi te putanga tuatahi i runga i te ako o te pūtaiao, te tuarua, i runga i te anga ke, whakaaro ngā pātai minita. I roto i te omuaraa, faataa te kaituhi e te pakanga o te kura e rua, ko te kī ki te matauranga o te raupapa ao.

whakahē Blavatsky te tuhinga o te matauranga pūtaiao e kore ko te tangata i roto i te pae varua. tamata te kaituhi ki te kitea ia ki te awhina o akonaki fakalotu, me te wairua rerekē. tuhia ētahi pūkenga o Blavatsky e i roto i tona pukapuka, whakarato reira te kaipānui ki mārama taunakitanga o te oraraa o te makutu.

Ko te tuarua ko te minita tātari ngā whakahaere fakalotu (pērā i te Ekalesia Karaitiana) me faaino ratou mo to ratou huru ngutukau ki ratou ake whakaako. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kī HP Blavatsky e te piri tukua ona takenga (te Bibilia, te Koran, a na i runga i. D.).

arotakengia te kaituhi i te mau haapiiraa mystic rongonui e fepaki nga akonoanga ao. Exploring enei kura o whakaaro, tamata ia ki te kitea he pakiaka noa. E rave rahi o ona otinga i unscientific, me te anti-karakia. Hoki tenei "Isis" i whakahē ai i te momo o ngā kaipānui. Otiia e kore e kua tenei mutu ia ki te hoko rongonui ki te atu wahi o te whakarongo. Ko te angitu o "he hipoki Isis" kua tukua ki a ia whakawhānui Blavatsky te Theosophical Society, kua ka i te mau melo i roto i nga kokonga o te ao, i Amerika ki India.

"Reo o te Whakarongoa"

I roto i te 1889 whakaputaina e ia te pukapuka "reo o te Whakarongoa", tautoko e taua taua Helena Blavatsky. Haurongo o tenei wahine kua reira e ko te reira he nganatanga angitu ki te whakakotahi i raro i tetahi cover maha rangahau theosophical. Ko te matua puna o te faaururaa mo te "reo o Whakarongoa" riro te noho kaituhi i roto i Tibet, i reira ka mohio ia ki te mau haapiiraa o te Buddhists me te ora taratahi o te monasteries rohe.

I tenei wa, e kore Blavatsky i whakataurite arotake e rave rahi kura o whakaaro ranei. whakaturia e ia whakaahuatanga kakano o nga mau haapiiraa Putihi. Oku i ai e he tātaritanga āmiki o taua ngā rite "Krishna" ranei "Higher whaiaro." Te nuinga o te pukapuka i paturuhia kua i roto i te kāhua Putihi. Heoi, e kore i te reira i te faaiteraa haratau o tenei karakia. Ko reira ki te wae pūngāwerewere Blavatsky ritenga.

riro tenei mahi kua tino rongonui ki Buddhists. whakamanawanui ia maha putanga i roto i India ko Tibet, te wahi e hiahiatia maha kairangahau ka pānui. Ia tino whakamoemiti te Dalai Lama. Ko te tetahi whakamutunga (i te ara, e noho nei) i tuhituhi ia te omuaraa mo te "reo o Whakarongoa" i roto i te rau o te putanga tuatahi tau. Ko te turanga pai mo te hunga e hiahia ana ki te mohio ka matau Buddhism, tae atu kura Zen tenei.

I takoha te pukapuka i te kaituhi Lvu Tolstomu, e i roto i ona tau whakamutunga inarā ako he momo o akonoanga. Kei te puritia oro'a tauira, me te inaianei i roto i Yasnaya Polyana. hainatia te kaituhi te taupoki, karanga Tolositoi "tetahi o te torutoru nei e taea e taa, ka matau reira te mea i tuhituhia."

Tatau korero ia māfana e pā ana ki te homai i roto i to ratou mau papai, te wahi whakaemi ia konga i te whakaaro nui awe ana pukapuka ( "ia rā", "whakaaro o nga tangata whakaaro nui", "pānui porowhita"). he kaituhi i roto i tetahi o ana reta whaiaro mea ano e kei te "reo o te Whakarongoa" he rota o te marama, engari pa ano hoki i runga i ngā take e te tikanga e kore e mohio te iwi. Kei te mohiotia ano te reira e te tai'oraa Tolositoi i te moheni "Theosophist" Blavatsky, e hounga'ia rawa nui, rite whakahuatia i roto i tona rātaka.

"Ko e Tokāteline Secret"

"Ko e Tokāteline Secret" whakaaro te te mahi whakamutunga o Blavatsky, i roto i nei whakarapopototia e ia ake tona matauranga katoa me te whakaaroaro. I roto i te ora o te kaituhi i whakaputaina pukapuka tuatahi e rua. whakaputaina te pukapuka tuatoru i muri i te matenga ia i te 1897.

Ko te tuatahi ko te ki te tātari me te whakataurite i te tirohanga rerekē i runga i te takenga mai o te ao. korenga i te rua o te kukuwhatanga tangata. whakaarahia te reira i ngā take iwi, a ka tūhura i te ara o te whanaketanga o te tangata rite te momo.

Te rōrahi whakamutunga ko te kohinga o haurongo me mau haapiiraa o te tahi mau occultists. mana nui i runga i te "Tokāteline Secret" i haké - irava i te Buka a Dzyan, e maha i faahitihia i roto i te mau api o te mahi. Tētahi atu pūtake ko te pukapuka nama o mua, "te Key ki Theosophy."

tānga New āhuatanga taiea o te reo. whakamahia te kaituhi i te nui nui o pūāhua me ngā whakaahua i hanga e te momo o haapaoraa me ngā kura o te whakaaro.

Ko "Te Secret Tokāteline" "he hipoki Isis." he tonu o I roto i te meka, ko reira he titiro hohonu i te take i tuhia i roto i te pukapuka tuatahi o te kaituhi. A i roto i te mahi i runga i te putanga hou o Madame Blavatsky Theosophical Society i awhina ia.

Mahi i runga i te tuhituhi i tenei mahi rahi ko te whakamātautau uaua tino, kua riro nei i roto i Helena Blavatsky. Pukapuka whakaputaina i mua, e kore i tangohia kia nui te pūngao, rite tenei tetahi. kaiwhakaatu maha i muri i roto i tona tohinoa, tuhipoka ia e kawea mai nga kaituhi ratou ki poropiti tonu ina kia hāngai kotahi whārangi ki te rua tekau nga wa.

Kua he tokoni nui i roto i te whakaputanga o tenei mahi kua whakaratohia Archibaldom Keytli. Ko ia he mema o te Theosophical Society i 1884, a, i te wa o tenei tuhituhi, ko te hēkeretari whānui o tona tari i roto i te UK. Kua tenei tangata kua whakatika e tona puranga ake o pepa o teitei i roto i te mita. Fele whakarerekētanga kārawarawatanga pāngia me etahi ngā e he nui hoki putanga heke mai. i te aroaro Ko tōna putanga whakamutunga ki te kaituhi i te 1890.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e te "Secret Tokāteline" anaanatae anō-pānui i te kaitito nui Russian Aleksandr Skryabin. Kotahi te wā ka haere mai ia whakaaro theosophical tata o Blavatsky. pupuri i te tangata tonu te pukapuka i runga i tona tēpu, me te nuitia whakamoemititia te matauranga o te kaituhituhi.

tau tata nei

Ngohe Blavatsky i roto i India he angitu. He nga peka whakatuwheratia o te Theosophical Society, i i rongonui i roto i te taupori rohe. I roto i ana tau whakamutunga, i ora Elena i Europe, a mutu haere no te mea o te hauora mate. Engari, ka anga ia ki te kaha tuhituhi. Ko reira ka e rau te nuinga o ona pukapuka. mate Blavatsky May 8, 1891 i roto i London, i muri i mate ki te rewharewha nui.