Ko te pānga o aukati i runga i te ōhanga Russian. Ko te mau hopearaa o te whakapanga o aukati. ōhanga Russian tenei ra

Tenei tau, te ōhanga Russian i raro i te pēhanga o te ao nui. mehua Practical tono e nga whenua ke ki Russia, kua whakahuatia i roto i te rerekē momo o aukati. He aha te mea to ratou natura? He aha te mea te pānga o aukati i runga i te ōhanga Russian? He aha whai wāhitanga e te whakatuwhera ake i roto i te Russian Federation e tika ana ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te taiao o waho?

Ko te ngako o aukati

E ai ki te hapori tohunga i roto i te wāhi noa o te tirohanga, te whakapanga o aukati ki Russia tika te nuinga ki te tūranga tōrangapū o Russia e pā ana ki te raruraru Ukrainian. āhua Western, te nuinga o nei he wahi o NATO, whakaaro mahi Kāore o mana Russian i roto i pā ana ki te Crimea me te rawhiti rohe o Ukraine, e, kia rite ki te whenua Atlantic kimi huarahi, he mahi pro-Russian o ngā rōpū patu.

Ka rite ki taua aukati e ōhanga me te tōrangapū. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi ko te ahua rerekē o te rāhui ki runga ki te tuarua - te whakataki o rangatira me ngā hinonga ture i roto i te aukati e hāngai ana ngā rārangi.

periodization o aukati

A feruri i te raupapa i roto i i kawea aukati ki Russia. Tohunga whakapono e i hoatu te mōkihi tuatahi o mehua ki te mahi tonu i muri i tautoko Russia te tāpaetanga i roto i te Crimea, a ngā te rohe i roto i tona mema. Kua whakaaro āhua Western mahi o nga mana o te kūrae, me te te tūranga o te ture Russian. i hono coils muri aukati, kaitätari mea, ki te mārō kē atu o te āhuatanga i roto i Ukraine.

Whiu: he wero hoki te ōhanga o Russia

He aha i taea e nga hopearaa o aukati mo te ōhanga Russian? Tohunga mōhio e taea te mau fifi rahi whakatika i roto i te kawemai. Ko te take i te ōhanga Russian he tino ti'aturi i runga i te kawemai o te hangarau tiketike, hua engineering, pharmaceuticals, te nuinga me te kai. Ko te hoa matua o Russia i runga i kawemai e tika whenua EU, te hunga e kua tono aukati ki Russia. Ki te mea ka riro te wāhanga ōhanga o te mehua e hāngai ana nahanaha i te natura, i te kaimahi o ngā hua kawemai, tohunga te mea, e kore e tangohia e roa.

Titiro hoki investor

mārama e taea te ata te pānga o aukati i runga i te ōhanga Russian i roto i te āhuatanga o te kukume haumi ke. I roto i ngā, kia raruraru whakatauranga nama o te Russian Federation, ko te tohu tuatahi o te painga o te whenua o mo te whakapaipai ke. kia hua ngä pukenga o heke āta GDP, whakapono economists. ōhanga Russian tenei ra, mea kaitätari, he puhoi ti'aturi i runga i whakapaipai ke. whakawhitinga Stock RTS ko MICEX whakakiia te tere ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te attraction o haumi ke.

Heoi, tohunga te mea, e kore ai tika kia whakapaipai ke o te take mai te uru. Ko reira he pea e ka tango i te wahi o pūtea i te EU me te US, mea, nga capitalists o nga whenua BRICS, e, kia rite ki kaitätari maha, inaianei he hoa a Russia. A no te mea e kore e taea e raro whakawākanga i raro i te tikanga whakawhanakehia i roto i te US me te EU whai wāhi nui i roto i te āhuatanga o te haumi.

Aukati me te pūnaha pēke

I roto i te aha kia ata te mana o aukati i runga i te pūnaha pēke o Russia? I roto i tenei rängai, kaitätari mea, te pūmanawa mo te putanga o tuma ki ōhanga te whenua o te tino. Ko te meka e te pera integrated te pūnaha pēke Russian ki te ao (i, i roto i te tahuri, te nuinga whakahaere e te US me ona hoa Western), e financiers ke mau whai wāhi ki te tikanga whakahaere matua ki a ia. Kei te mātātoa Pūkete o tahatika Amerika me te Pākehā e whakamahia ana e te pakihi Russian. A, ki te whakatau i te whenua nama me ngā pūtahi pūtea Western ki whakatio nga rawa, kia meinga ai, tohunga te mea, nui kino ki te hinonga Russian mahi ki tahatika ke.

Aukati (i te EU) kua whakaritea i runga i te Russian-pareparenga pūtahi pūtea nui rawa, pērā i VTB, Sberbank ko VEB. I roto i ngā, tangata EU mai te timatanga o Akuhata, i rāhuitia te reira i whiwhi etahi momo o te peeke o enei pūtahi. E ai ki kaitätari, i roto i te mahi tenei tikanga kotahi anake te mea - enei tahatika Russian kore whai wāhi ki te hokohoko whakapaipai. A no te mea e taea e ratou hei raruraru ki te utu o herenga nama o nāianei, te rēhitatanga o taurewa hou me haumi.

Visa - i roto i Russia?

Ko tētahi o te ture take tino maitai mo taua āhuatanga rite te pānga o aukati i runga i te pūnaha pēke Russian, e taea te whakaaro te nui pūnaha raka utu o te ao - Visa ko MasterCard - nga kāri pareparenga o te maha pūtahi pūtea i roto i Russia, pērā i "Sobinbank" Bank "Russia" "SMP Bank". Utu te whakamahi i takere whiwhi te ao, e kore i taea kiritaki o enei tahatika. Heoi, whakaae tohunga e te tino momotu i te mākete Russian o Visa ko MasterCard kore e. Ki te tupu tenei, i reira ko te riri ki te pūmautanga o te pūnaha pūtea EU.

Tētahi atu putanga o te aukati i roto i te rängai pēke kia ki te whakawhāiti i moni ki kamupene Russian i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru. Ngā o loans i pareparenga Western, i roto i te maha ngā take, nui atu i roto i te Russian Federation (te nuinga e tika ana ki raro ngä päpätanga huamoni). Heoi, e kore ai e te pānga mahi o te aukati i runga i te āhuatanga pakihi o te nama rite nui te mea e taea ki te taunekeneke ki ētahi atu hokohoko i roto i ngā o taurewa nga kaipakihi. Ko tētahi o nga tohunga Russian tino whaihua kite te putanga Hainamana.

katoa i pareparenga katoa?

Āwhina pareparenga Russian i roto i ngā o te Central Bank he rite ki aukati. I roto i ngā, whakaputaina nga pāpāho he tauākī o te kaiārahi Central Bank e taea te mahi rāhui moni ao ki te tika mo tenei whakaaro. Ko te pareparenga nui o te Russian Federation kauwhautia e he rite ki aukati ratou. te faatereraa o Sberbank, i roto i ngā, kua whakaaturia e kua te whare ngā rauemi tika, wheako whakahaere me te taumata o te tohungatanga ki te haere tonu i roto i te tikanga ōhanga, me te tōrangapū o nāianei. "Gazprombank" ko VTB kua fakapapau'i ano te iwi whānui e kore e e pā i te mahi o te US me te EU te pūmautanga pūtea o te pūtahi. Ko te kupu, e kore ai e rite nui te pānga o aukati i runga i te ōhanga Russian rite te wahi o te rängai pēke.

Aukati me te taea o

E ai ki etahi economists, te aukati EU - he kupu whakahoki pai mo te whakatū o ngā take i roto i te ōhanga Russian, e, i te viivii ore o te kaha te takotoranga ki te kaweake o hinu, e kore e te whakawhanake rite nohopuku rite taea reira.

Te pūmanawa rahi, kaitätari mea, he reira i roto i tika te kawemai taua. He rawaka ngā rauemi Russia - e rua i roto i ngā o te hanga kaha me ngā rauemi raw, a i roto i ngā o te wāhanga pūtaiao ki te whakaputa i te nuinga o nga taonga kawemai i ki waho.

whakautu tūwātea

He aha e nga tikanga e ai kia whakahē Russia aukati? Tuatahi o E tano ia tapao whāngai i roto i te 2006, i mua i te roa anga ratou ki te whakawhanake i te kōhanga mārama o te raruraru Iukereiniana katoa, te ture mo mehua motuhake o te natura ōhanga, e taea te whakamahi i roto i te take ka ite i te whenua te hiahia ki te whakautu ki te mahi he e he he riri nga ngākau nuitanga o Russia, i te taumata o whanaunga ao. Na reira, nga rauemi ture taketake e taea te tohatoha i roto i whakautu ki te whakapanga o aukati ki Russia, he hakari. Ano, i reira he taunakitanga e i roto i te hanganga o te Federal Runanga o te mahi i runga i te hanga o mahi ture hou, e taea te whakawhānui i te whānuitanga o te fakafepaki'i RF raro i te pēhanga o te ao. I roto i ngā, kua whakapono ai e taea e nga ture hou kia whakaurua tikanga tuku raupatu o ngā rawa kei roto i te Russian Federation o kamupene ke (e rua tūmatanui, me te tūmataiti).

Response ki aukati

Ahakoa te meka e te take mo te whakataki o aukati nga mana Russian kua kiia i runga i te pūtake o ngā kōrero i rangatira runga, ore, me te anga ke ki te arorau, fakafepaki'i ki nga whenua Western, i rite nei ki te mahi ki a Russia, i tono tonu. I roto i ngā, i roto i te poipoi tuatahi o mehua ao e hāngai ana o te kāwanatanga Russian faaoti ki te hanga i te rārangi o tangata he te tangata whenua o Western, e kua whakakahore urunga ki te rohe o te Russian Federation.

A, no te Visa ko MasterCard, rite kua mea matou i runga, mutu ki te mahi i te kāri e rave rahi pareparenga Russian, faaoti nga mana Russian ki tūkino te mahi i roto i te wahi tuatahi, i runga i te whanaketanga o te pūnaha utu motu, a tuarua, ki te kukume i te mākete o te Russian Federation o te Hainamana Tāhuhu o Railways - UnionPay, e taea e riro i te whakataetae nui ki nga kau taki o nāianei ao. e meinga tenei ko Visa ko MasterCard nui, kia rite ki te tahi mau economists, te kino - i roto i te rau o mirioni o tara.

Ko te mōkihi Russian tino nui o fakafepaki'i ko te kanga ki runga ki te kawemai ki te Russian Federation te whānuitanga nui o ngā hua kai, te nuinga i whakaputaina e te ahumahi kai EU (me te kamupene i roto i Canada, Ahitereiria me te United States). I roto i te tīmatanga o August, tukuna Russian te peresideni i te tikanga hāngai. hinga te rārangi o taonga i raro i na'e iku te rāhui ki te momo o kai - kai, hua miraka, ika, huawhenua, hua. I roto i ngā o te moni e rite ana ki te kawemai katoa rite kaitätari tata, i te wa o te whakataki o fakafepaki'i he rite ki te 9 piriona.

Hoki i roto i August, kua whakaritea i roto i te ahumahi marama. I roto i ngā, i rāhuitia ähua wāhanga i papanga kakahu, hiako, me furs. Heoi, kihai i tohunga whakaaro tenei taahiraa o te mana Russian i roto i te whakautu tika ki aukati, rite te rohe hāngai pāngia uee i whenua katoa, e kore tatau te hunga i, tahi ki te Russian Federation e ngā i roto i te Customs Union, e kore noa Western.

Hopearaa "antisanktsy" mo te EU

Ko te meka e taea aukati Western i roto i te ōhanga Russian arahi ki raruraru i te taumata kawemai, kua mea kua matou, ūkuia te tauira o te maha ahumahi. Engari ka i te wa ano ite reira pai ratou ki täwahi, ke mea nga hua engineering taua. Ko te hunga e tukua te taputapu i roto i Russia? He aha e nga hopearaa taea mō aukati EU? E ai ki te kotahi kaitātari pūrongo Reuters te, Pakeha whakamarie tino pea e kore e. Ko tētahi o nga hoa tino kaha o Russia i te ao ōhanga - Germany. He tau :. Mō 300 mano mahi i roto i Germany tonu whakaata mahi i roto i nga mara o te mahi ki a Russia. Tohunga whakapono e taea te heke tāwāhi German ki Russia e rave rahi tekau o ōrau (te nuinga i roto i te mara o te engineering aunoa). Heoi, kua whakapono reira e te nui pānga i runga i te ōhanga whānui o Tiamana i roto i te whānui te ähua o whanaunga ki Russia e kore. Just no te mea te wahi Russian nāianei i roto i te hokohoko ke katoa German he inaianei kaua e nui ake 4%. Ko te kupu, kite te pānga o aukati i runga i nga tohunga pakihi kei roto Europe rite feunga iti.

Farerei "antisanktsii"

Āhuatanga e pā ana ki te nui tino, rite ki ngā tohunga, nga fakafepaki'i o nga mana Russian - ki te whakakorehia i te kawemai o ngā hua EU. He maha kaitätari whakapono e kaimahi Pākehā pāngia e te rāhui he tino nui. Deliveries i roto i Russia mo tokomaha o ratou ko te taurangi o te moni, engari mo etahi pakihi me katoa nui hongere hoko. Kimihia kaihoko i roto i te tahi atu hokohoko, kaitätari mea, nga umanga kai i te EU ka taea rawa hohoro. Na pera i roto i te heke mai tata, he pea pea ki te e pai ratou mahi.

Pūtea Pākehā

Heoi, e whakapono ana te tahi mau tohunga e kore ai e nga hopearaa o te rāhui mō te EU rite nui rite, i ngā, i te pānga o aukati i runga i te ōhanga Russian. Ko te wahi o tāwāhi o ngā hua ahuwhenua i te EU ki Russia - iti iho i te 5% o te ōhanga o te rōpū tōrangapū tenei. Na tenei ahakoa te meka e Russia - te tuarua mo te EU i roto i ngā o te mākete i roto i tenei wāhanga. Ano, i reira he taunakitanga e te haere i te EU ki te utu mo te parekura taea "antisanktsy" i runga i te wahi o te Russian Federation, te whakamahi i ngā taputapu rawa hanga tahua. Heoi, tona uara, rite ki kaitätari, e kore te mea faahiahia rawa - 400 miriona euros. He whenua e taea mamae i "antisanktsy" kaha atu i etahi - Finland. Na roto i te viivii ore o te pātata matawhenua ko reira te kāwanatanga me te Russian Federation i tata hononga ōhanga. Tata 25% o tāwāhi i Finland haere ki Russia. Heoi, ko te wahi o te kai ki reira - iti iho i te 3%.

opuaraa no te whai tikanga-whaiaro

He aha kua te pānga o aukati i runga i ahuwhenua Russian? Ētahi tohunga whakapono e kua whakatuwheratia he rāhui kai ki kaihanga i te EU ake rahi wāhitanga agrarians o Russia. I roto i te wāhanga maha whakawāteatia niches mākete, i te iti rawa e nui iti kukū ranei. He ko he tirohanga e kore e tino rite ngä ahuwhenua o Russia mo te hua koi i roto i te rōrahi o te putanga, me te i roto i tenei take i reira e rua tauari taea: whakakī niches tika ki kaituku i whenua e kore e e hinga ki raro i te Heoi, ranei e he iti minaminatia mo te ōhanga te Russian Federation, te putanga o te takarepa hokohoko sino. Na, ka rite ki te putanga, te ara i roto i ngā utu.

ōhanga Russian tenei ra, he maha tohunga whakapono, e kore e taea ki te tino kī te whakauru kawemai whai hua ano - tae atu i roto i te mara o te ahuwhenua. Kaitätari tuhia e te hua i roto i te hoko utu o ngā hua rerekē puta i roto i te wa hohoro nui ki te whakataki o "antisanktsy". E ai ki kaitätari, i te mutunga o 2014, kia tupu i te neke atu i te 30% etahi momo o tūranga koloa. I te toharite, te hua whai ahua ai te kete taketake, te ara i roto i utu ai kia e pā ana ki 15%. He he he pea, whakapono kaitätari e nga hua hinga kounga i runga i te whata. I roto i Russia, me te i roto i nga whenua maha, te wahi e riro te reira ki te kawemai taonga, e kore e rite tino rite i roto i Europe paerewa ahumahi.