Ko te Yak-40. rererangi pāhihi o te USSR. Yakovlev Hoahoa Bureau

Te tikanga, ka rongo tatou i pā ana ki te rererangi rererangi ā, tapaea tatou he waka e taea rere mano o kiromita o rori. Heoi, kawea atu atu i te wha tekau ōrau o te rangi i roto i te raina hau rohe, te roa o te mea 200-500 kiromita, a ētahi wā e whanganga ratou anake i roto i tekau o kiromita. Ko reira hoki taua take, a ka hanga te Yak-40. Ka tenei rererangi ahurei, me te kia kōrero i roto i te tuhinga.

toutou tuatahi

Yak-40 (whakaahua hoatu i roto i te tuhinga whakaatu e rererangi) Ko te tuatahi i roto i te Soviet Union me pāhihi o te ao jet, kua oti nei te hangaia ki te mahi i runga i Air rohe. riro ia te rererangi tuatahi ki te USSR, i riro he tiwhikete o airworthiness i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru tae noa tohu rite i roto i to tatou whenua. Ko te Yak-40 riro te tuatahi motu Airbus tiwhikete i roto i Germany, a Itari. Ia Ko ano te tuatahi rererangi Soviet haere nga paerewa katoa o airworthiness BCAR Ingarangi me te Hononga o Amerika - FAR-25. Mahi i runga i te tohu o te rererangi i awhinatia ki te whakatere i te whakahaere o tona rēhita rererangi i roto i te Soviet Union, te whakatamarikitanga o paerewa o airworthiness, me te te whanaketanga o to tatou ahumahi, he maha o ngā waeine me ngā rauemi e whakatau i te paerewa o "te Te Hau-ā-uru." I tua atu, ka e ia te airliner pāhihi tuatahi ki te Yakovlev Hoahoa Bureau.

Ko te kaihoko tuatahi me kōrero i te tohunga

ka Italy te whenua tuatahi i roto i te ao, kua riro te Yak-40. Ia whakaritea ano te whakaaturanga o te mahi nui o te mīhini. Ētehi e pairati whakamātautau M. G. Zavyalov me kaiurungi Italian, hanga te rererangi i te rere i te whakapaipai Italian ki Ahitereiria. hinga tenei ara i waho i tetahi rahunga me breakdowns. I roto i te April 1970 tuhia te makasini French Aviation Magazine e he taketake i roto i te hoahoa, te rahi me te rere āhuatanga te Yak-40. I roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, i reira he o ngā kahore rererangi e taea te whakahē ki te roanga Russian. I roto i te US, anake whakawhanakehia taua kaupapa, te whakatinana o i ko ki te tango i te wahi noa i te tau torutoru.

hoatu tohunga katoa o te ao te whakatauranga teitei me rererangi Russian Yakovlev Design Bureau.

Te hanga waka rererangi

Na roto i te whanaketanga o te Yak-40, ka anga Engineers i April o te 65raa o te tau o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko te whakaaro o te rererangi hou i ki te whakakapi tauira tawhito o te kōkeke Il-12, Il-14 me Li-2, e mahi i runga i Air rohe. ka mau kaiwhakanao rererangi Soviet kotahi anake te tau mo te hoahoa me te hanganga o te tauira taketake. Na, Oketopa 21, 1966 whakamātautau pairati Arseniem Kolosovym i tuatahi whakaarahia i roto i te tauira rangi - te Yak-40. He āhuatanga motuhake ko te kaha o te rererangi ki te tango atu i airfields unpaved. I whakatairangatia ana te reira i te taha o te tawhē te taikaha o te hanganga rererangi, whakatakotoria ana e ia Engineers Yakovlev Design Bureau.

"Fighter karahīni" ranei "take rino"

Yak-40 (whakaahua i runga whakaaturanga) ko te mīhini tino ohie hangaia mō te rere, me te whenua kaimahi ki ngā tohu tuarua. Muri ia piri i rua i tapaina a - "take rino" (he rahi ngā iti, me te nui dymlenie wae mana) me "Fighter o karahīni" (mo teitei kohi wahie). Tenei Airbus he tika tiketike rawa, me te haumaru whakahaere. Yak-40 e taea te tango atu ki te tetahi o nga engines e toru, a ka meinga te rere i runga i tetahi o nga wae mana. I airfields rokohanga ngā kaimahi mahi pūrere keu motuhake, he arawhata kotuituitanga, controllability tiketike o te motokā. Whakatakoto i nga engines i te muri o te takere kua heke wiri, me te haruru.

whakatutukitanga mahi

hua Tapeke ahumahi rererangi Soviet 1011 wae Yak-40 tauira. mutu Putanga i roto i 1981, engari kihai tenei i mutu i te ora o te rererangi. Neke atu i te wha tekau nga tau i runga i Airways o te ao, - e kore ko te taunakitanga pai o te tika o te mīhini, te rongoā hangarau tika ki nga raruraru matatini e ara ake i roto i te hanganga o tenei tauira! Na nga kaihoahoa me ngā kairangahau Minsk Aircraft Tapia Plant kore anake putanga hou o te ora tuarua o te rererangi, engari ano hoki i roto i te taha ki te tohunga kua Yakovlev Design Bureau kua whakaratohia kua hanga - rere taiwhanga, tata nei kua riro faufaa i roto i te ōhanga motu. kitea te waka rererangi Russian tono rawa whanui. Na, i te waenganui-fitungofulú o te Yak-40 tino whakakapi nga hōia Il-12, Il-14 me Li-2 ki Air rohe. Ka taukei te rere o takiwa neke atu i toru rau o te whenua, enei kaimahi uaua e 1988 kawea neke atu i waru tekau miriona ngā pāhihi. A kihai i ano i oti te aamu o tenei rererangi. Whakahaere wheako o tenei tauira i roto i to tatou whenua, me te tekau ma waru whenua ke whakakitea tino te hape o te whakatau i runga i te withdrawal o te Yak-40 production. Ko te kupu, e kia whakaaetia te whakakapinga o engines atu wahie tōtika engines hou ki te whakapiki ake i te hanga me te kaweake o te rererangi.

kaweake

i tīmata tukunga o te tuatahi Yak-40 rererangi mō te kaweake i te 1970, noa wha nga tau i muri i te tango-atu te tauira pairati. Hoki kotahi tekau nga tau i roto i Ahia, Europe, me te Republic o Cuba kua hokona reira 125 wae o rerekē rerekē o ngā tahora me akatuke'anga. he maha o ngā rerekētanga i roto i te hanganga o te taputapu whare, me te whakaterenga Kaweake tauira he mea whakarite ki te rangatū i. Ēnei pāhihi rererangi USSR tukua i roto i te whenua tekau ma waru: Afghanistan, Angola, Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, Zambia, Italy, Cambodia, Cuba, Laos, te Malagasy Republic, Poland, Hiria, Germany, Equatorial Guinea, Etiopia, Yugoslavia. I roto i te 2000, hokona te rererangi Kamchatka kotahi rererangi ki Honduras. Mai 1967, ko te Yak-40 he whai wāhi i roto i salons rererangi katoa Ingarangi, Germany, Japan, Italy, France, Sweden me ētahi atu whenua. Tenei rererangi rongonui ki te whakaaturanga e rere, kua hanga, neke atu i te rima rau mano kiromita, ka tae mai nga whenua maha, i roto i kore anake Europe engari ano Asia, Amerika, Awherika me Ahitereiria. Me kï reira e te Yak-40 ko te airliner Soviet tuatahi, i hokona i roto i nga whenua capitalist ki ratou ake ahumahi whakawhanakehia rererangi. Enei rererangi he i tenei ra e whakahaerea ana e Air o whenua ma ono.

whakaahua hangarau

whakaaro tatou inaianei nga ngā. Yak-40, kia rite ki nga raraunga uruwhenua, te tikanga mo te roa o tetahi, me te hawhe mano kiromita. Ko te parirau he wāhi tika nui - 70 mita pūrua, i hanga reira taea ki te whakarerea te pūnaha o ngā paki multislit tino matatini me kākaho. Ko te tere Cruising ko 510 km / h. Ko te whakaaro taketake o te hanganga rererangi ko tapatahi, he huinga o toru engines kōpana me parirau nui, takeoff tiketike, me te mahi taunga. Toia te mana o te wae mana ko taranata te hawhe. Ko tētahi atu painga ko te pūkaha toharite powerplant, whakaritea nei i roto i te takere, te mea he akina whakamuri - pūrere motuhake e taea ki te huri i te aronga o te awa hau whakapau i roto i braking o te rererangi. Kua heke tēnei kōwae te tēnei pukapuka o te motokā i ū ki runga ki te 400 mita. Na nga kaitiaki e ki whakataka e kore ko te mema te pūkaha me te rererangi. Ko te tino nui mo te whakakotahitanga o te tipu te mana tenei me ki te whakahaere i whakakapinga o te kōwae waenganui. rite rawa te tahuhu o te mīhini i te pūnaha damping ngohengohe, te whakaiti te reira i te pēhanga ki runga ki te mata o te runway. Kua whakaaetia tenei katoa te rererangi tango atu, me te whenua humarie i runga i te whenua ki te hipoki oneone.

hāngai te pailati e rua iwi: te rangatira me te tahi-pairati, engari ka taea e te tāuta e koe te torona tuatoru ki te tika. karaihe kapa he whakawera hiko motuhake. Shop Yak-40 Ko taua e te kaha o 27 ki te 32 pāhihi. rite rawa te rererangi i te taputapu whakatere Avionics faataahurihuri hou e taea ai e koe rere ra, me te po, i roto i te āhuatanga huarere kaua kino. Taputapu ngā: Autopilot, pae tāwhaiwhai, ngā pūnaha Anga, kāpehu autō, e rua me'a aronga aunoa, kursoglissadnuyu pūnaha taunga, altimeter irirangi hoki altitudes iti. Waka rererangi rawa ki te pūnaha rangi-wera tino pai ki te ārai i te huka o te whare. tauturu Radio rangi hihiani ki te kitea te aroaro o akina tupuhi i runga i te ara rere. E ai ki nga raraunga uruwhenua, te rauemi airliner ko e toru tekau mano haora, me te ora ratonga - ki runga ki te 25 tau.

tamarikitanga tuarua

I roto i 1999, kua whakaputaina Yakovlev Design Bureau Engineers akoranga me tātaitanga, i whakakitea e taea te rererua te ora whakahaere waka rererangi i te whakapakari i te hoahoa me te whakamahine o te Airframe. Ka tukua te ratonga toronga hōtaka kamupene ki whakaroa te hiahia ki te hoko rererangi hou, e e whakaora nui moni. Ao hou, te hōtaka ngā engines whakakapinga powertrains cheap.

Accidents

He rota o te iwi, a tae noa te hunga e whakamahi wā nga ratonga o kawe rangi, e wehi ki te rere. Na whai wāhi ati manureva auau ki te whanaketanga o enei phobias. Ko taua iwi huakore ki te whakaatu tatauranga, rite ki nei, i roto i tukinga motokā patua neke atu i tukinga. Kei te ngāwari faataa tenei huru, no te mea ka te tūtukitanga, ahakoa he tino onge ratou, i pinepine o te iwi e patua. Ko te tonu he ru, mo whanaunga o nga patunga e kore e anake, engari ano hoki mo te tangata ke. Te āhua, faataa te wehi e te meka e kore e taea e te pāhihi huri tetahi, i reira ko tetahi mea tei, homai ia ia me tona ora i roto i te ringa o te pairati me mihini ka haha te.

Ko te kupu, whakaaro tatou nga tatauranga o te parekura rererangi Yak-40. Kino me te mate o te waka rererangi mo te tahi atu mau tumu, mo te hītori-tau e wha tekau atu atu i o tenei tauira nui te tekau ōrau arai. Na, kua ngaro 117 rererangi mai i te timatanga o te mahi. O enei mihini 46 i pakaru hoki ngā take, maha hoki o ngā hapa o kaiurungi me pūmana rangi hokohoko. Ko te toe 71 Yak-40 i pakaru, mo te mea katoa te take, i konei ngā me huna rererangi i roto i ngā mahi hōia i roto i ngā wahi wera. Ratau, te mīhini taua whakamutunga i e kua ngaro - reira airliner, pakaru i roto i te pakanga mō te Donetsk rererangi Haratua 26, 2014.

Yakovlev Aircraft

I te Yakovlev Hoahoa Bureau he hītori taonga. Mai i te taiepa haere mai tetahi rota o mīhini rerekē, i rererangi hōia ki seti waka ruarangi. He wātea rite hākinakina me ngā tauira whakaaro motuhake, hei tauira, ki te whakangungu kaiurungi. A feruri i etahi o ratou, pērā i te Yak-42. I whakawhanakehia tēnei tauira i roto i te waenganui-70 o te rau tau whakamutunga mō te flights ki te ara matua e tata ana te Soviet Union. timata te mahi arumoni o tenei rererangi i roto i te tau 80raa. hanga i roto i tona production rererangi 194 raupapa i roto i 1980-2002. O enei, 42 Yak-64 turanga wae oti, me te 130 - nui haere taimaha tango-atu me te whānui - he whakarereke ake o te Yak-42D. Ko te tere ina tauihi ana o 700 km / h. Kei te hangaia te waka rererangi mō te rere ngā mōrahi o wha mano kiromita. Kei te hangaia te fare pāhihi mō 120 tūru. e kore e tenei rererangi Me pānuitanga ana whakatutukitanga, korero hoki ratou. I muri i te katoa, whakatakotoria ratou e iwa pūkete ao! Ko te kupu, i roto i te kotahi o ratou e kore te Yak-42, hangaia hoki ngā rārangi tata, i taea e pai te tawhiti i te whakapaipai o Russia ki Khabarovsk. Maere tonu ko te meka e te aroaro o te hanga o ngā tauira o te Yak-40 me Yak-42 Yakovlev Design Bureau whakawhanake manureva e maha-pāhihi i roto i te whānui kore mahi. Ratou whāiti matua - te reira mātauranga, hākinakina me te rererangi toa hōia.

Yak-18 rererangi

Tenei rererangi Ko tukua he uri o te UT-2R te 44 o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko te tikanga mo te whakangungu tuatahi o kaiurungi. I roto i nga tau vahaataimi, ko te Yak-18 te taputapu mātauranga nui tuatahi. I roto i tona ariā, ua faaite taputapu, me te hoahoa i te whakaaro o te rere i roto i te kino rangi me i te po. rite rawa te rererangi i te te wae te mana ki te kaha o 160 rita. hēk., tāupe aeromechanical te ware hurirere. Ko te hanganga takere ko te momo kamupene o paipa maitai. Ko te ihu o te tapo'io te kati mahi pao, ka taupokina te hiawero e ki te kakahu. Stabilizers me takere i te anga whakarewa ki te matimati ahuahu rawa mārō. Wing - dvulonzheronnoe, wetekina, ki te wāhanga pokapū. papatohu wetekina me te wāhanga pokapū katoa ki te mema taha tuatahi he casing mārō, i hipokina te toenga kei te ki te kakahu. Ko te tauira Yak-18, nga tōnounou katoa o tona mua kua whakakorea, he reira rawa kainga, me te ngāwari te mana e te rererangi, a he āhuatanga whāwhā pai. Ko te tere mōrahi o te rererangi ko te 257 km / h, piki 4 m / s, te teitei mōrahi o wha mano mita, ngā - he mano kiromita, tere taunga o 85 km / h. whakaratohia e te Yak-18 te ki te maha o rerekē mea hanga taea te po, me te "matapo" rere.

Ko te Yak-18T - he whakarerekētanga o te mīhini o te Yak-18. Ko te rererangi multipurpose marama tenei. Ko ia tetahi o te rererangi haumaru whakamahia i roto i ngā kura rere. I mana kī te reira i runga i tetahi o nga hui hangarau manureva, kua rere 650 mihini Yak-18T neke atu i te hawhe te miriona haora, kahore tetahi he i hangarau nui. I roto i te putanga hou, tuku tenei rererangi rehe, e taea e te reira i te pāhihi, whakaako me te whakangungu, te hauora, waka. I tua atu, kei te whakamahia te reira ki te haereere i te hinu, me te hau pipelines, raina mana, rori utu me ngahere, me te ki te kawe e toru pāhihi ki te tawhiti o e rima rau kiromita.

Sports waka rererangi i te Yakovlev Hoahoa Bureau

Mei 8, 1979 i roto i te rangi e tata ana te taunga wakarere Tushino reira ko he rererangi iti ki kanapa he parirau whero. Papa ki ngāwari haruru aerobatics famously whakamana: pahu, koropiko, porotēteke. tuhia tonu He kanohi mātanga e whai e kore he reira tikanga mo te kāinga hākinakina kotahi Yak-50, he tauira rerekē. tohu nui rama pailati matatau i roto i taua tenei mīhini rua. I roto i te taunga taea te wehe i ētahi atu rerekētanga: taunga paki me te ihu taunga taputapu. Ko te mea hanga hou i te hoahoa kapeneti engineering Yakovlev - te Yak-52 rererangi ahei o makona i te mau titauraa tino kanorau, me te taupatupatu. Ko te mārama tenei, no te mea hiahia hoki whakangungu hākinakina taputapu tawhē pūmautanga iti, kaha iti, e kia hanga i te pairati ki te whakahaere i te ringa mīhini. kia hopu te reira i ngāwari te mahi aerobatics. Na te waka rererangi mō te whakangungu tuatahi, kei te, i runga i te anga ke, me te mea tino kainga, me te uaua ki te whakahaere me te kore e kia tuahu iho i roto i te kaiahuwhenua.

Ko te mīhini mō te mauhaa whakangungu rere kia whakapumautia he huinga tika mārō o te taputapu whakatere me te whakaterenga, a mo te putanga hākinakina o reira ka waiho noa hei pikaunga anō. Ki enei mau fifi katoa a faaruru i te rōpū o Engineers me kaihoahoa. Otiia, tāia ki kaihoahoa rererangi ki tenei mahi kia rite ki "pai", me te rite wawe tonu: i hanga te Yak-52 i roto i iti iho i te ono marama. Ko te Pālesi whakarewa-rua tenei. Ko te takere - āhua-inarapa, te mea he ararewa whakarewa mahi. hono te reira ki te anga countersunk haru ai. Wing - kotahi-tira rākau, rite rawa ki te paki tauranga, e iri ana i runga i shompolnye koropiko, ka whakahaeretia e te rangi rango. wae Cantilever hiku. Ko te urutira stabilizer me mahi i te taha o kaupapa dvulonzheronnoy. Yak-iwa-kōkeke 52 whakaratohia te ki te kaha wae puku toropā o 360 rita. he. ki aunoa hurirere te ware tāupe. Navigation me taputapu rere taea ki a koe rere i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere tino kino. I tua atu ki te huinga paerewa o ngā pūrere, whakaturia tenei tauira te pūnaha auau whakawhiti, reo irirangi VHF, me te me'a aronga aunoa. A, no te e Taka te mahia o nekeneke aerobatic, te tahi mea anō whakatere me te taputapu rere te.