Mākī te Ekalesia i roto i Russia: Tauira

High, kitea i te mau hiero i tawhiti hipped ko te āhua tino tika ana mō te hanga i roto i Russia. Kua ora maha urupa ki tenei ra, me te haruraa i tonu tūruhi ki tona ataahua. Ahakoa kore te rohe o te tuawhenua i te tākaro i te wāhi i roto i te tapenakara tawhito me mau hiero kihai i hanga mo te huihuinga nui. ko te hua tino mo te putanga o ngā urupa rautau tekau ma ono, me te tekau ma whitu. Hei tauira, Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral (Cathedral o te inoi i runga i te awaker i) i roto i Moscou i runga i Whero Square, i hanga i roto i te 1552, ka tohua tona ahua te hopu o Kazan. ekalesia Ētahi atu teneti whakauaua taea Russia whakataetae ki a ratou i roto i te ataahua me te rongo.

hoahoanga

I te matua o katoa o ratou i hanga e pā ana ki te taua. te epa on, i whakatakotoria nei e te mea Tapawaru iti - tautoko mo te tapenakara tapawaru, tuhi ki te rangi. Otiia, ka kawea mai ia kaihoahoa i roto i te paturaa i te tahi mea rerekē, he aha e kore e rua ōrite mau hiero. i faaite tino maha parapara i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā rerekētanga o ngā wāhanga i roto i te whakapaipai.

Āhuatanga e tonu mau hiero hipped katoa - te ngaro o pou, e ko, kei te hanganga katoa i runga i te taiepa, na ko tata taea nga teneti whanui. Na,, kua rahua reira whanui rawa teneti kohatu Cathedral Hiruharama New Monastery mo tenei take. Na ka ka whakakapi i te reira e te rakau marama, me te paparuatia i roto i te rino, a ka tu te temepara, iwi hari a tawhio noa.

Prohibition?

Neke atu i te te rau tau horapa whānui mau hiero hipped i roto i te whenua. Otiia ka haere mai te whakahou hahi o Patereareha Nikon i 1653, i muri i ko te kāhua rite te tātau. mākī te Ekalesia i roto i Russia mutu ki te kia hanga. Pea kihai i te kanga ëtahi i runga i te hanga. Otiia e kore e te te meka whakaturia i muri i te hanganga o Nikon mākī hahi kohatu. I roto i te raki, tonu ratou ki te hanga i teneti i rakau hahi iti me pourewa pere pērā i te otinga noho rongonui i mua i te taeraa mai o te Classicism.

Kia aroha mai, torutoru rawa tauira ora o te hoahoanga rakau, teneti hahi rakau i roto i te tua ki te kakahu, me te haehae, me te whakarerenga pou-orurehau pehia maha ngaahi faingata'a, me te tata ngaro. E, Heoi, tiaki motu i roto i te whenua i reira te taonga tawhito. A, no te hoki ahau i haere mai ki te rongonui o te kāhua Russian (tahuri atu, Heoi, tupurangi), hip hoahoanga rite i ora ai i roto i te mutunga o te rautau tekau mā iwa. Heoi, he tino rerekē mai, ia ratou enei hanganga. tahuri hahi tapenakara o te rau tau 17 i roto i ki te kia taea ki te tārua, a rawa te rawa tuatahi, i puta i te tahuri o nga rau tau tekau ma rima, me te ono.

iho

Ko te ahua o te kakau hipped he matua e tika ana ki te meka i hanga hahi Russian rite urupa nuinga herea ki etahi ngā. atu me te ake totoro hahi tapenakara o te rau tau 16 whakarunga. whakawhanakehia hoahoanga hahi Russian reira i te ruma o ngā rerekētanga. Ko te whakapae i te whakarerenga iho o te hoahoanga kohatu ki te mua e - te rakau - kua noho e keri, me te kore e tika rawa. Ka taea te whakapae tenei i rangahau o te whare tuatahi - Ekalesia o te Maueraa i Kolomenskoye (1532 Vasily III) me te hahi o te whakaaro o te Vologda Posada (1493). Ko te reira i te tino te pukorero tauira o te mahi o nga hahi teneti kohatu.

tauira Interesting me te Ekalesia o te inoi i roto i Medvedkovo te wahi mārama korerotia kāhua hoahoanga ki te teneti hei utu o te kikorangi. Ko te tino rite ki te nui tokomaha-upoko o St. Basil Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo tenei whare tapu, me te he tika o te whakaahuatanga motuhake atu. Ko te hoki reira rawa huru o te hipped mau hiero Russian rongonui: inoi (i mua Tokotoru) Ekalesia o te whakataunga Alexander (1510), te Ekalesia o Uglich "whakamiharo" (1628), Moscow i Putinki Whanautangao o te hahi wahine.

Medvedkovo

hanga ana tēnei whare i runga i te papa whenua tiketike (ki raro i reira Znamenskaya hahi hotoke), e pupuri ana te rōrahi katoa o te quadrangle, nga koki o e kua oti e domes iti. I runga i te quadrangle ko te Tapawaru marama tika iti rite te pūtake o te teneti kohatu oka. Ko te hanganga o te ãpoko tapawha me tapawaru, mārō, me te teneti hanga homai he au maite motuhake, me te tata e rere, no te mea te tiketike o te tapenakara tata neke atu i te wahi o raro katoa o te temepara. Basement, e karapotia ana e ara, me te he e rua rite-fare pureraa - Nine maratiri ko Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

E te ara, kua hoki te wa tuatahi i roto i Russia kotahi-ahu tapawha hipped tuanui kua homai ki konei. I runga i te aata o te whare, i haaati ki te pene motuhake, ona onge maha-hanganga e tika ana ki te Apse roa o te hahi o raro rawhiti. Kokoshniki, whakanohoia i roto i rarangi puta noa te tihi o nga taiepa o te quadrangle, ka hāngai ki runga ki te tapenakara, me i te pene whakakarauna haapapu pyramidal hanga o te whare, tona hakari, wawata ki te rangi, me te faateitei i te ataahua wairua. tautoko te whare tapu i te hauauru, ano he moenga kāhua Empire pere pourewa, hanga i roto i te 1840.

kōrero

mai whakapawera he wa tohua e nga mea katoa o fakatamaki fakanatulá, wawaotanga i nga amo, me nga Swedes, na te kāwanatanga, āhuatanga tōrangapū, me te ōhanga o te kāwanatanga, ko te faingataa. hahi tapenakara i roto i Moscow, me te whenua katoa ki te hanga tata mutu. hanga Stone, rite taua, mutu kau ano. E rua tekau ma rima nga tau anake, kua tae Russia he taumata rawaka mo te hë o te architecture kohatu. Fele, i muri i te mau hiero 1620 toutou momo mua o whare.

Na te tino hohoro aru e te whakahou o Patereareha Nikon, ka hahi teneti kore "uru i roto i te ana'iraa." pai Nikon dome o toru ranei e rima vahe. I roto i 1655, i roto i Vishnyaky oti i roto i te paturaa o te temepara i te whakahau o te Patereareha o te fare pureraa e rua nga upoko e kore e tiketike, me te a tawhio noa, ahakoa whai wāhi te kaupapa te tuatahi.

Stolpoobraznoe rite te mātārere

Here, te tuatahi o katoa mahi ahau kore i roto i whakahou hahi ki te tawhito katoa me te hiahia o te patereareha Byzantine katoa, tae atu hoahoa ripeka-dome. Ahakoa te mākī hahi i roto i Russia ko atu haamana'oraa o Western Gothic: dynamics, e tohe whakarunga, pourewa hoahoanga pou-hahi.

Hei tauira, te Ekalesia o Ioanna Predtechi i te kainga o Djakovo (Moscow) me te Ekalesia o te Faahuru i te kainga o Ostrov (Moscow rohe). i hanga rua i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau tekau ma ono, me te mua e te tapenakara whare pou-momo rua. Hoki e taea te mahi kia rite ki te tauira, me tetahi o nga hahi tino rongonui, pourewa pere "Ivan Veliky", hanga i roto i te kororia o Ioanna Lestvichnika i te Kremlin i 1505.

tauira

Taumahi Podkolokolny ki taumata tōna whare, whakaarahia tika i runga i te temepara, e kore e mau hiero teneti tikanga ōrite. Ko roto i te akoranga o te maha o ngā tūmomo rongoā hoahoanga, he haere noa nui ki te kaihoahoa, a ka whiwhi tonu tata tonu mau hiero stolpoobraznye pīrahi.

Hei tauira, te whare o te Wairua Tapu Descent (1476, Tokotoru-Herekiu pakiki), Kolomna St. George Bell Tower (i mua - te whare o Arhangela Gavriila, 1530 tau), te Ekalesia o St. Himiona-Stylites (Danilovsky Monastery, Moscow, i roto i 1732, i hanga i runga i te kuwaha Tapu), e rua hoki te kuwaha o te temepara i roto i te ohu whakapono Donskoy, te hahi o St. Herekiu o Radonezh (Novospassky ohu whakapono pere pourewa), te hahi Feodora Stratilata Warrior Tapu (Menshikov pourewa, Moscow, te rautau tekau mā iwa) me ētahi atu.

tohu

he rite i roto i te rakau āhua, tenei kāhua lahi i nga wa onamata ki te ra hakari Stone HIP hoahoanga. puta te reira, kia rite ki nga meatanga, mārama i runga i ngā tauira o te rakau. Heoi, ki te hoki take hanganga dome teneti i whakakapi e te hanga o nga whare i hanga o te rakau, e taea e kore e whai pānga te hanga kohatu ki te hoahoa. Engari, ko reira te hiahia ki te kawe i te whakapakoko etahi - conviviality, tohe whakarunga. Ehara i anake i roto i te kawanatanga engari ano i roto i te pane, i te nuinga mai silhouettes elongated o te mau hiero rakau, me kua takaro tonu te tūranga ārahi.

I roto i te hoahoanga HIP whakarato te kawenga pū hohonu: ko te ara ki te rangatiratanga o te rangi, me te hononga o te tapawha (te ao hanga) ki te porowhita (tohu o te tau mure ore) tenei. Mehua - te tapawha, tohu te whenua, Tapawaru - ngā wāhi katoa o te wāhi i runga i nga taha o te ao, me he whetu waru-oka rite te tohu o te wahine, me te ra i te Waru - te maha tapu o te rau tau i mua nei. Tapenakara te temepara whakakarauna - he tihi image Arawhata tupuna Hakopa, te ara ki te Atua.

Kolomenskoye ko Alexander Sloboda

Trinity Ekalesia o te whakataunga Alexander (inaianei - inoi) - whare o temepara Prince Vasily III. Pātahi ana ki te rā o te hanganga mo te wa roa i reira nga peapea, engari rā te reira i te rangahau tata ki te 1510. I mua ki tenei, whakaaro te hahi teneti rawa tuatahi i te Maueraa i roto i Kolomenskoye (1532), e te hanga hoki i runga i te rangatira nui taua.

Ko tenei pono te faahiahia rahi, engari kihai i reira te tuatahi. hanga rua mau hiero i roto i manors o te kingi nunui pehea iti. Na ka Maueraa he tohu i roto i te honore o te whanau o te kainga - te nui Ivana Groznogo. whakaaro Kaihanga o te ensemble mīharo i roto i te whakataunga Alexander ko te kaihoahoa o Itari - New Aleviz, kaituhi o te Ekalesia whakaaro, rawa, ko hai te Italian - Petroc Minor.

St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Mai te mea te faahinaaroraa nui tūruhi i roto i Moscow kore anake, engari ko te whenua katoa tenei, Me tenei hahi teneti ki te korero nui taipitopito rite taea. Kazan Khanate i patua, a ka hanga i roto i te kororia o tenei pou, ki tenei ra ko te tohu o Russia, me te tohu kē o te hoahoanga. Cathedral o te inoi i runga i te awaker i hanga e ono nga tau (mai i 1555), me te kua tahuri rerekē, ara e kore i runga i te whenua ataahua. I mua, noho ai te Ekalesia Tokotoru me te awaker i ārai me te Kremlin, i i ki tonu anake i roto i te 1813. I roto i tona wahi ko inaianei he American me te whare moengaroa.

Ko wai a Vasiliy Blazhenny, tanumia tika i muri ki a Trinity te Ekalesia i runga i te Square Whero? Tenei Moscow whacky, e hua ana ki te mea homai noa o te clairvoyance, e tohu maha ati, tae atu he ahi nui i roto i 1547, ka tahuna tata te katoa o Moscow. Ia Ivan Grozny wehi, me te tino nui i wehi o Vasiliya Blazhennogo, i te mea he aha tanumia e ratou ki a ia ki hōnore me te wahi whero. Ano, hohoro whakatakotoria he tokomaha te temepara, i muri whakawhitia nei ki te mana o te wairangi clairvoyant, no te mea i tona urupa tonu i muri timata merekara te tangihanga - e ora te iwi, e kite, i te kopa ki te haere, a ka tu ake pararutiki.

O nga whakaora e waru

timata Kazan te pakanga, i mutu i wikitoria mo te wa tuatahi, te nuinga Russian i roto i tenei rohe i tukua hinga i muri i hinga. Ivan hanga te Terrible he taurangi - ki te ka hinga Kazan, hoatu i runga i te Square Whero ko te whare tapu rahi i roto i te mahara o te wikitoria. Na rite ia te kupu whakaari tino.

Ko te roa o te whawhai, a muri iho i ia wikitoria o ringa Russian muri ki Trinity Ekalesia i hanga he hahi iti i roto i te honore o te tapu nei ra kua orua ki tona pokenga. I muri i te hokinga ikuna o Ivan Grozny, ua faaoti hei utu o waru hahi rakau hou ki te hoatu i te kohatu nui - te tino rongonui e hoki tenetere maha.

Legends

Kua roaa kaihanga whare Ataahua te nui taua o te momo o ngā kōrero e kawea mea katoa konei ko tika e kore e taea. I ngā wā, utua te kingi Ivan te Terrible rangatira e rua Barma me Postnik Yakovlev. I roto i te meka i reira kotahi tangata - Ivan Yakovlevich Barma i ingoa, engari tapaina a te Hana. He ko he kōrero e muri whakamatapotia te hanganga o nga kaihoahoa kingi kia e kore, me te wahi ratou he mea ataahua atu e kore te tenei whare hanga. Hia mahi o toi o tenei korero i tuhituhia! Heoi, ehara i te mea.

He tuhinga, ka rawa he maha nui, i muri i te Cathedral o te inoi Hana hanga te Kazan Kremlin. Rawa e taea e te reira ataahua, pea, engari wahi atu. O te akoranga, e kore e pērā i St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, i te mea ahurei, engari ano hoki he mahi nui o te hoahoanga. I tua atu, i ua te reira i roto i te ringa o te hanganga Hana o te Faaiteraa Cathedral (Moscow Kremlin), whakaaro Cathedral, St. Nicholas Ekalesia (Sviyazhsk - e rua), ara te Ekalesia o St. John te Kaiiriiri i roto i Dyakovo. i hanga enei mau hiero katoa nui i muri.