Ngā mōhiohio tūturu: momo me ngā tikanga o te faaineineraa. mōhiohio tūturu mō te iwi ki te hauā

ngā mōhiohio tūturu, kia rite ki rangahau maha, he pānga tika i runga i te perception tangata o te āhuatanga. sensations kino i roto i te tinana, ara tūranga kino ranei e taea te faaino i to tatou huru ki te interlocutor, ahakoa kore te tika hono kore tetahi ranei te tahi atu ki reira. Ko te tikanga o te mōhiohio tūturu i roto i te ora ia rā, he aha e ona puna me ngā āhuatanga, a ka kia kōrero i raro nei.

Ko te āhuatanga tino nui

Kia tuatahi tatou o katoa ki te whakamāramatanga o "kōrero". kitea te tikanga tino noa i roto i tona kaupapa. tautuhia ngā mōhiohio e rite ki tetahi o nga āhuatanga o te ao rauemi, i roto i te ngako, he wenewene. vai te reira i takitahi o matou mahara, a ka he noa ki ngā katoa whakaoho me āhua popohe.

I roto i te ahupūngao tetahi huringa tūnga pūnaha puta ki tohu tuku i ahanoa tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te kupu te whakawera, me te tautauā puta, me te inhibition o kaupapa, me te pera i runga i. Ko te huinga o tohu karere. Ko te wā "kōrero" i roto i te ahupūngao generalizes te ariā o "kōrero" me "tohu".

momo o te mōhiohio

He maha huarahi ki te whakarōpū o te mōhiohio. Ko tētahi o ratou hāngai te i runga i te aratau o perception. I runga i tenei kaupapa kua wehea te mōhiohio ki rima ngā momo:

• māna;

• ataata;

• tūturu (haptic);

• olfactory;

• hā.

Ko te nuinga rawa o te kōrero e pā ana ki te ao huri noa te tangata whiwhi i te titiro. nui hoki te taringa nui tūranga. Ko te whakamutunga o enei momo o ngā mōhiohio - tūturu, olfactory me te reka - kia ake anake te ōrau iti o te mōhiohio ka mohio e te tangata. I roto i te kararehe, ko te ahua rerekē tenei ōwehenga. Kei te mohiotia te reira e kōrero tūturu i roto i te oraraa o tokomaha o ratou whai wāhi nui atu te nui atu i te kite.

whekau tūturu

Ahakoa te meka e te tikanga o te pa, i mawhiti tuatahi, whai wāhi ngā iti i roto i te ora, ki te mahi i waho o reira iwi e kore e taea e ki. ngā mōhiohio tūturu e tango te tangata i roto i te hopearaa io kei roto i te kiri, uaua me hononga, i mata mucosal. Receptors kite pāmahana, pa, wiri, huringa i roto i te tūranga tinana, te kakano me te pera i runga i.

tuku mōhiohio i te hopearaa karere o muka karere te ki te roro. Kei te tukatuka reira reira, me ki nga whekau o te tinana e tango te tohu, hei tauira, ki te utu hoki i te ringa i te ahanoa wera.

tikanga koiora

He aha te mea te puna o te mōhiohio tūturu? Ko te tino māmā te whakahoki: tetahi e kua he pānga i runga i te mau farii ohipa e hāngai ana. Na roto i te okana o pa, ite tatou i te pāmahana, haumākū, kakano (pūāhua mata), te wiri. Receptors tuku mōhiohio ki a tatou e pā ana ki te āhuatanga i roto i te wāhi o te tinana katoa wahi motuhake o reira ranei.

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, ahakoa te ōrau iti o te mōhiohio ta tatou e farii i te tikanga o te pa, he mea e tika ana mo te ora tonu. disorders Various - te kōpā, kino ki takere io e tuku mōhiohio i receptors i roto i te roro, me te tahi atu - mata ki ngā āhuatanga mōrearea, me te ngoikore ki te arotahi. He tauira ohie: i roto i te ngaro o receptors tūturu ngāwari ki te hanga weranga nui, no te mea he reira i roto i a ratou i te roro e tuku mōhiohio haptic e pā ana ki te pāmahana o te ahanoa whakawera, i, mo te tauira, hoatu te ringa. whakaora whekau tūturu tatou i roto i te pouri, no te kore e taea te korero ki te kanohi te mea te mua. receptors tūturu whai wāhi nui i roto i te tuku o te mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhua o te tinana. E whai wāhi ana ratou i roto i te hanganga o te tikanga uaua pera-ka karanga, e whai wāhi nui i roto i te kaupapa.

Pa ki te kararehe

He nui atu nui atu i te tangata Animal mōhiohio tūturu. hira tauira. He kararehe e pa ki tata whakakapi te kanohi. Ko nga tangata o te moana hohonu, te wahi te marama tika e kore e whiwhi i te reira enei. tauturu Touch te pūngāwerewere ki te ite e whakaritea tākekengia kē i roto i "whatunga" te pārurenga. Pi tuku mōhiohio e pā ana ki te wāhi o te puawai ki te kanikani motuhake e whai wāhi me pa.

receptors nehenehe tūturu o te kiri whakawhanakehia i roto i nga kararehe, rakau-piki. He maha ngā māngai o te kararehe i pāhau - he tinana pa motuhake, taea ki te huru ki te pa kore anake, engari ano hoki ki nga wiri o te rangi. Na roto ratou ahua rite ratou makawe. Pāhau, Heoi, kua nui pakeke, roa, me te matotoru.

Whanaketanga o te mana'o tūturu

I roto i te hapori hou, e mea ohie ki te kitea te iwi ki te tikanga ake whakawhanakehia o pa. nui haere te tūtohutanga o ētahi o ngā wāhanga o te kiri te rite ki te hua o peculiarities o te tikanga. Hei tauira, tonu e toi e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga iti, faarahi te kaha ki te wehewehe i te āhuatanga iti, kapiti, me ētahi atu matimati.

A, o te akoranga, kino ake ngaa e te tikanga o te pa i roto i te iwi e ngā waimaero ranei matapo. ngā mōhiohio tūturu mō te tikanga ai e ngā waimaero mo te kore o ataata. Ngā pakari ana te mōhio o te pa whanake i roto i te iwi turi-matapo.

reo matapō

ngā mōhiohio tūturu e tango te tangata i roto i te pa. Hoki te iwi turi-matapo he anake te puna o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te ao. I roto i te e ngā waimaero, i reira te mea ano hoki he rongo, engari kei te pera whakaturia to matou ao e tuku te nuinga o te kōrero nui kei te ka rongoa i roto i te puka o te kuputuhi. I teie mahana, te whakamahi i pānui, me te tuhituhi iwi matapo, me te waimaero te Tuhi Kāpō.

whakawhanakehia momotuhi mahi tūturu Braille Lui Brayl i 1824. Ko 15 nga tau ka heke mai tiflopedagogu French.

He hītori iti

kihai i ara o te whakaatu mōhiohio tūturu kua he kaupapa tino o te taitamariki Louis. tenenga momotuhi ko te hopearaa arorau o te matapo o te tamaiti. Lui Brayl i te-tau 3 tau kino ia ona kanohi, a pukupuku maripi ki rima tau ngaro tona titiro. I taua wa, i te pūtahi motuhake mō ngā tamariki hauā i runga i te titiro ko te rota o pukapuka. i tuhituhia ratou ki te awhina o te tuhituhi te tauturu-rārangi. Ko te rerekētanga matua haukotia pai tona bulkiness i tetahi whārangi, he rota o te mōhiohio.

I ako ako Braille e pā ana ki te oraraa o "te po o te tātai reta" Sharlya Barbe. whakawhanakehia rangatira French reira ki whāinga hoia: te momotuhi taea ki a koe te pānui i te pūrongo i te po. tuhia Information i runga i te pepa mā te whakamahi i te werohanga. tenenga faauruhia Barbier, Lui Brayl hanga ana Tuhi Kāpō.

Braille Āhuatanga

Ka rite ki te ingoa titau, tuhia Braille e ira. whakamahia Braille ono ira whakaritea i roto i te rua tīwae. He he ano hoki he momotuhi kōwhiringa, e whakamahi ana waru ngā kei aua i runga i te tīwae wha. Ko te reta tuatahi o te tātai reta kua oti te tuhituhi ki te awhina o nga ngā o runga, me te waenganui. Hoki nga ngā whai ake e honoa mai ki a ratou i runga i tetahi tikanga: tuatahi he ira i te tika raro, ka - i runga i te matau, ka mahue, ka ka - i runga i te tika. Braille taea hoki ki te whakaatu i te whika, ngā tohu o ngā mahi pāngarau me ngā tuhipoka.

Āhuatanga o te tenenga o te tiflopedagoga French puta rite i roto i te tukanga pānui, me te wa o te tuhituhi. Information tuhia e te tikanga o te momotuhi, te pānui i runga i ngā koropuku. Fakatatau ki ai, me te tono ratou i te taha ki muri o te pepa. I roto i tenei take, pānui i mahue ki matau, pera i roto i te take o te kuputuhi mania. Hei tuhituhi te taua ki te awhina o Braille i ki matau ki te mahue. Whakahaere tuhi ngā tauanga i roto i tīwae i runga ki raro. I roto i te tuhituhi e ratou i roto i te raupapa whakamuri.

Braille i roto i te putanga taketake ngā o 64 pūāhua, tetahi o nei - he wāhi. Vosmitochechny taea ki a koe te tuhituhi 256 pūāhua rerekē. O te akoranga, ko te huinga iti rawa tenei. maha hinga whāititanga momotuhi i te whakamahi o ngā mati rua, e tohu ana i te huinga o rua ohie, wehe he tona tikanga ake. maha i te kupu riro tohu nui atu i te kotahi uara (i ētahi wā ki runga ki te tekau).

tenenga nuinga

I teie mahana, whakamahia Braille te ao. Kua taunga ia ki ngā reo maha, tae atu Russian me. I roto i to tatou whenua timata te tā o ngā pukapuka ki te tenenga o te tiflopedagoga French i roto i 1885. He he he putanga o Braille me Hainamana, me te reo onge pērā i Guarani, Tibet me wanted Māori.

Ko te paetae matua o te Braille kua hanga e ia e kore e tika i te ara o te tuhituhi me te pānui i te kuputuhi mo te matapo, engari i hanga reira rawa watea ki te whakamahi i. Information whakaaturia i runga i te rārangi rite ki etahi tikanga, kia ngāwari e taea te pānui i te whakamahi i te maihao taupū o tetahi ranei e rua ringa. Pānui tere i roto i tenei take, ko te 150 kupu mō ia meneti. No te whakarite, he tangata ki te kite noa e taea te pānui i i 250 kupu mo te wā ano o te wā.

Ko te kupu, kahore he iti nui i te ataata māna ranei te mōhiohio tūturu mō mea ora. Mammals, pepeke, me te tahi atu kararehe ki te awhina o pa hāngai i roto i te wāhi, whakapumautia hoapā i waenganui i takitahi, te ako e pā ana ki te fifi, a na i runga i. Ko te tangata kua he tūtohutanga tūturu iti whakawhanakehia, engari he uaua ki te pe si◊aki te tūranga i roto i te ora.