Paearu pūtaiao me ngā momo o Knowledge i Rangahau

Ko te fakakātoa 'o' matauranga tangata takoto i roto i te mara o te pūtaiao, me te ki tua atu. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakahaere i te ahunga whakamua e tika ana ki te pakari te whakatau i te āhuatanga o te wāhanga pūtaiao i roto i te fakakātoa 'o' te matauranga.

I te wa ano, e kore tetahi e haafaufaa ore i te matauranga e takoto i waho o te pūtaiao.

He aha te matauranga kia whakaaro pūtaiao?

Paearu o rangahau pūtaiao i roto i te ao nei i teie mahana e kore e ōrite. Tau o ngā ariā manatārua, maha ātete ki tetahi ki tetahi, he nui rawa. Na reira, ki te matau i te taunakitanga pūtaiao o te hiahia ki te tirotiro aua hanganga e te hunga iti i tautohetia.

Hei wāhanga o te tāutanga i roto i tenei tuhinga e kōrero ana i te huanga e toru o te matauranga pūtaiao. E tika ana kia:

• pono;
• intersubjective;
• pūnaha.

Pono me te matauranga

matauranga katoa - te matauranga o te tetahi kaupapa.

Ki te hāngai matauranga ki tona ahanoa, he reira pono.

Heoi, kia te pono, me te matauranga, ko te pūtaiao. vai te reira i roto i te mua-pūtaiao, rā me te mahi puka, me te nounou, whakaaro.

e kore ko te mea kotahi - pono, me te matauranga ano.

Te pono o te korero, ka he pono te matauranga, te ihirangi o tona reliably ahakoa o te kaupapa mohio, a reira he pera tae noa ki te mea te reira whāinga.

Mau mōhiotanga titau āhukahuka o te kanorau o ngā puka o te pono. tēnā i ratou i runga i te pai o turanga taua āhukahuka kia whakapono whakaaro mohio noa, me te mahi, kitenga pūtaiao.

E kore e te whakamutunga pūrongo anake e he pono etahi ihirangi, engari ano hoki ki te whakatika i tona pono. Ka rite ki kia he tika:

• mutunga arorau;
• hua whakamātau;
• te ture tauwehe runga ake, me ētahi atu

Hoki taua take rawaka ki te whakatika - me te whakaritenga taketake mātua ki te matauranga pūtaiao, rite te ātete ki te kore-pūtaiao.

hoatu mua paearu pūtaiao i roto i te wahi o te turanga tātai o te parau tumu o te pūtaiao, e no ni'ai te take pai.

Leibniz, e kauwhautia tenei parau tumu, whakakitea e te whakaaro i roto i te tohu o tona pono, he mea e tika ana ki te whakatika i te tahi atu whakaaro i, i roto i te tahuri, kua whakamatauria e he pono ratou.

ā-tuakiri matauranga

titau te reira i te matauranga pūtaiao ki te kia te ao ki te taata nei, ao tika me te obligatory mo tetahi tangata.

No te whakarite, te whakaaro rite te matauranga takitahi me neobscheznachimo kore-pūtaiao.

He he he reni i rotopu i te matauranga pūtaiao o tona pono me te matauranga o te tahi atu akatuke'anga.

personified Non-pūtaiao matauranga. E whakaatu ana ratou i te pono, kahore take pai, e mohio reira rite te täkupu.

E anake mohio nga mau parau mau o te pūtaiao hei whāinga, me te pai-whakaturia. He ao, me te ihotaata ore ratou.

hanga ana e ia reproducibility akiaki Intersubjectivity matauranga pūtaiao. Tenei te tikanga e nga kairangahau katoa e kua ako te taua kaupapa, me te ki te hoatu i tenei ako i roto i te taua tikanga, whiwhi koe i te hua taua.

Ki te nga (ia, nga) i mohio kaupapa e kore e whakaū te invariance o tona matauranga o te tumu parau mohio katoa, e kore e whakaatu i te reira i te reproducibility me kahore he pūtaiao.

mōhiotanga pūnaha

whakahaere nahanaha, me te toi, me te matauranga mau, me te pūtaiao.

Heoi, kitea paearu pūtaiao nahanaha i te maha o ngā āhuatanga.

E hāngai ana ratou i runga i te matauranga kouma i hanga e te e whakaaroaro ana pipiri. Ko te tautoko o tenei tautohe - raraunga tëtehi.

Pū ko te matauranga kouma inductive hanganga deductive tino. E horo'a te reira te matauranga o te ako i haapapu e parau mau te reira.

mōhiotanga Scientific me kore-pūtaiao: etahi clarifications

momo Scientific o te matauranga e kore e whakakore, e kore whakakahore atu puka, e kore e hanga memeha ratou.

Pārōnaki auhia tangi mōhiotanga take tika pūtaiao, me te kore-pūtaiao e arahi ki te māramatanga o te mau tuhaa faufaa e whai ake nei.

mōhiotanga Non-pūtaiao - e kore he pakiwaitara me pakiwaitara-kore. He ona ake tikanga me ngā puna o te matauranga. He rerekē i anga rationalism ona paerewa me tikanga, hua ratou hapori hinengaro rawa tūturu.

E mea pinepine, kore-pūtaiao matauranga ko te kawainga o pūtaiao rite mo te tātai arorangi arorangi, alchemy ki te matū, me pea i roto ano i te iroriki o te ahua o te mau parau mau pūtaiao. ka karanga korero hohonu ēnei momo o te matauranga whakakaupapa te tirohanga o mua i roto i te pā ana ki te pūtaiao. kia kia huaina ratou tü.

Ko te minamina ana o te ako

E huaina paearu pūtaiao, e tohu ana i te ako i runga i te raraunga instantiated runga te ihirangi me te tikanga o ngā whakarerekētanga, me ngā tāpiritanga e minamina ana pūtaiao o te ako.

mohio minamina ana pūtaiao te ka:

• ako whanake he raruraru, e kore e ara i runga i roto i te pūtaiao;
• kore kua ahanoa whakawakia mua i ako i roto i te pūtaiao;
• whanaunga ki te ahanoa whiwhi matauranga hou;
• He makona i roto i tetahi huinga i te tikanga i runga ake.

Tikanga o te matauranga hou rite puta ka te raraunga mohiotia:

• ke radically rite ki te hua o te rangahau;
• whakawhānui me te kō atu;
• tohua (i tohua).

Tohu o paearu pono o pūtaiao

mutu tohu ki te kia ona paearu pūtaiao, ki te e whakaaro ratou motuhake i ia atu.

Na, whanau te pono kei te kore anake i roto i te pūtaiao.

Ka taea e Intersubjective e kore pūtaiao anake, engari ano hoki, hei tauira, he pohehe papatipu.

Nahanaha, whakaaro takitahi o te tahi atu āhuatanga o pūtaiao, ka waha reira te turanga mo te whakaaroaro ana pseudoscientific.

Ko reira anake te hua o te matauranga, e wā kotahi whakatinana nga āhuatanga i runga ake, i roto i tona taatoaraa whakaahua ana te matauranga pūtaiao.