Pānga whakarea: te ariā, momo

mohio katoa o tatou i te kura e 2 + 2 = 4. Ko ko tonu tenei te take? Na konei e fehangahangai tatou ki te ariā pērā i te pānga whakarea. Ko te wā ōhanga e whakaatu ana pēhea te taurangi endogenous huri i roto i te whakautu ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te āhuatanga. Ko te ariā riro e te hua i roto i te X 1% arata'i ki te hua i roto i Y, hei tauira, 2%.

ariā

pānga whakanui - he ariā e te tino maha e pā ana ki te āhua o ki te haumi i roto i te ōhanga (hei tauira, he hua i roto i te ähua kāwanatanga) arata'i ki te rota neke atu i a koutou kia mahara, te tupu o te mahi, me te hanga o te taonga, me ngā ratonga. Kia kite a pehea tenei mahi:

1. Haere haumi i roto i te ōhanga motu. Hei tauira, whakatau te kāwanatanga ki te whakapiki ake i te rōrahi o hoko.
2. arata'i Investment ki te hua i roto i te tono tōpū mō ngā taonga me ngā ratonga.
3. Tenei taea pakihi ki tino atu te uta aravihi me te utu atu kaimahi.
4. Kei te tipu haere Mahi i roto i taupori mahi-tau i roto i te whenua, iwi whai moni atu.
5. Kei te tipu haere te tono tōpū mō ngā taonga me ngā ratonga.

Ka taea e ngā umanga utu atu kaimahi, uta aravihi.

tātaitanga

He maha ngā momo o te whakanui. Ko te rongonui tino he moni. Hoki wehe tukua he pānga whakanui i roto i te kaupapa here moni, me ngā tauira Keynesian. Kei te korerotia e ia o ka te hua o te tahi mau tawhā hua i roto i te hua tino nui i roto i ētahi atu. Ko te tātai o te pānga whakanui e pā ana tonu ki te kimi i te ōwehenga o enei huringa. Hei tauira, kua nui haere te āhua te hoko o te 1 piriona euros. I te tīmatanga, ko te tono tōpū, rite kua mea matou, ka nui ake hoki e tenei nui. Heoi, ko te hua whakamutunga, ko e tupu ake ia, mea, € 2 piriona. I roto i tenei take, he rite ki te 2 te whakanui.

whakamōhio tatou i te momotuhi e whai ake nei:

• Y - GDP tūturu whakaritea ki te wā pūrongo o mua.
• J - rahi o te atu werohanga pūtea ki te ōhanga.
• M - whakanui.

Ka taea e tatou rānei tango e rua te tohu tuatahi i roto i ngā moni rite te ōrau ranei. Ko te kupu, M = Y: J.

Whakaaro aha e te pānga whakanui, kua kua whakahuatia matou e he rerekē i roto i te tauira moni, moni, me te Keynesian tenei ahua. He rerekē, me te o tātai, ahakoa ko te taua te ariā. Ko reira rite ki te huawehe o te kōwae wehea e te kaha haurokuroku ki te whakaora. tauturu te tātai ki te mārama me pēhea te hua i roto i te supply moni pā te ōhanga.

tauira

A feruri i te pānga i runga i te ōhanga o te motu pupirikana:

1. Kei te tipu haere te ōhanga, he pai te tere o te tupu toharite, a ka whakatau te kāwanatanga ki te whakauru Takahanga i 15% (tango ki pūkete i mua i kua atu ia). e kore te werohanga atu ki te ōhanga kawea i roto i.
2. faarahi te moni tuku o kiritaki.
3. E taea e ki te hoko atu taonga, tae atu utu Kaiwhakamahi.
4. Umanga ake i hanga e tika ana ki te tupu o te tono tōpū, hoki e ratou i utu nga kaimahi hou.
5. Ka rite ki te hua to tatou he hua i roto i te mahi, e te tikanga e ka taea ki te hoko atu taonga me ngā ratonga iwi.

pānga Money whakanui

I roto i te macroeconomics moni ako i te pānga o te supply moni i runga i nga tikanga pakihi whānui. Ki te te hua i roto i te turanga moni e $ 1 ahu ana ki te hua i roto i te supply tikanga 10, te whakanui, ko te 10. monetarists whakapono e kore e taea e koutou pā i te ā-tau toharite tere o te tupu i te utu o te ähua tūmatanui, e kia whakawhānui i te tono tōpū. I roto i to ratou tirohanga, te hua i roto i te moni tuku o tangata arata'i ki te meka e ngä päpätanga huamoni i runga i loans he teitei. Tenei te tikanga he heke i roto i te haumi i te rāngai pakihi, e te roopu te pānga whakarea te manakohia.

tohe Monetarists i runga i te hiahia ki te whakapiki ake i te moni i roto i te tohanga. US whangai e tenei e huri i te whakaritenga rāhui mō tahatika arumoni. Me kī ko reira 20%. tikanga o tēnei e ki nga 100 $ 20 Me noho i roto i te rāhui. Ko te toe moni te pēke e taea te hoatu taurewa ki tetahi atu. Ka taea hoki e tango i te whakamutunga ratou tautuhinga-i mua i 20% o te moni i runga i tona pūkete rāhui. tupu tenei e rave rahi taime, a ka rere te ōhanga, kia rite ki te whakaaro o te monetarists.

I roto i te kaupapa here moni

Ko te reira i te momo tino noa o te whakanui. Ko reira māmā ki te matau. Kei te whai pānga te reira ki te mahi o te kāwanatanga, e kua hāngai i te whakanui ake i tono tōpū. Hei tauira, kia whakatau te kāwanatanga ki te whakaiti i takoha. Tenei, ka rite ki kua mea matou, ka arahi ki nui haere te hiahia mō ngā hua e taea ai ngā umanga ki te tino ake te uta aravihi. Ko tētahi atu taputapu o te kaupapa here moni, he ähua kāwanatanga.

I roto i te tauira o Keynes me Hansen-Samuelson

hua motu matotoru - he mehua o te tōtika o te ōhanga. e kore e māngai Keynesian whakaae ki monetarists ki koretake hua i roto i te tono tōpū i roto i mea moni. whakapono ratou e i roto i te ōhanga, i reira te mea he whakapaipai ohie nui i roto i te rāngai pakihi. Na reira, e kore e he hua i roto i ngä päpätanga huamoni i te taua pānga kino i runga i te ōhanga. I roto i te tauira Keynesian ahu ki te titiro pehea neke te ānau e ki "Investments - penapena" i raro i te mana o ngā rerekētanga i roto i te tono tōpū. Model Hansen - Samuelson haere noa atu. hua motu matotoru - he tonu putanga tohu o taonga me ngā ratonga. Heoi, tirohia Hansen ko Samuelson te pānga o reira ko kore anake haumi, engari ano ki huringa ōhanga. whakamōhio hoki ratou te ariā o te whakatere. karanga kaipūtaiao whakarea te taikaha o te tupu putanga i runga i te hua i roto i haumi. faaite hoki Accelerator te hua i roto i te haumi e pā ana ki te whakawhānuitanga o te production. Na te whakahaere ki te kawe i he hurihanga te ōhanga. Hansen Model - Samuelson ko te maherenga hihiri te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ā-motu i raro i te mana o te mākete me te kaupapa here tūmatanui i runga i te wā.