Pūmahara: whakarōpū me ngā momo o te mahara

Memory Ko te tukanga hinengaro kei whakatōpū, tiaki me te uri muri o te mōhiohio. Nā ki enei ngā mahi e whakaratohia ana e te tiaki o te wheako tangata.

rangahau History

Ko te ako tuatahi o te mahara i timata i roto i nga wa onamata, a ka hono ki te tukanga akoranga. I roto i te Kariki tawhito, hei tauira, ko reira tikanga ki te amo i taua whiwhi te mōhiohio ki te matenga o te tangata i roto i te puka o matūriki rauemi motuhake, mahue tapuwae i roto i te mea maeneene o te roro, rite paru te waki i ranei.

I muri, te kaituhi o "waipēhi" tauira o te pūnaha io, formulates Descartes te whakaaro e te whakamahi auau o te muka karere taua (korere tuwhera, kia rite ki Descartes) whakaiti ratou resistance kaupapa "wairua kararehe" (e tika ana ki te whakawhānuitanga). Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, arata'i ki te hanganga o te tamau.

I roto i te-doma 80. rau tau 19 H. Ebbinghaus tuku tona tikanga ake o ako nga ture o te mahara parakore pera-ka karanga. Ko te fariiraa i ki tamau aau ōna wāhanga tito noa. Nāwai ka ma'uloto ānau, me te etahi tauira o te mahi tikanga o te Association. Hei tauira, kua kitea taua mea ki te kia tino mau mahara nga ngā e kua hanga he ongo kaha i runga i te tangata. rongoa taua mōhiohio kei te tonu, me te tūturu. I roto i te rerekē, iti nui mo te raraunga tangata (ara, ki te he ratou matatini ake i roto i ngā o te te ihirangi) i roto i te mahara, kia rite ki te tikanga, e kore e rongoa mo te wa roa. Ko te kupu, H. Ebbinghaus tuatahi tono ki te ako o te mahara o te tikanga whakamātautau.

Timata i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19 haere ake tukanga mahara e ngana ana ki te whakamāori i te faaauraa ki te mahi o taua whakaaro aunoa, pērā i te waea pūkoro, rīpene kaiwhakamahara, rorohiko rorohiko, me ētahi atu. Ki te utu tatou i te faaauraa i te hangarau hou, i reira ko te take o te whakarōpūtanga mahara rorohiko.

I roto i te kura pūtaiao hou o talanoa koiora e whakamahia i roto i te tātari o te tikanga o te tamau. Hei tauira, te tahi mau momo o te mahara pēnei ki te pūtake rāpoi o: haere tahi te tukanga imprinting mōhiohio e te hua i roto i te ihirangi o neurons roro waikawa karihi.

whakarōpū o mahara

hāngai Psychology kei i runga i te paearu e whai ake nei mo te tohatoha o ngā momo o te mahara:

1. Ko te āhua o te mahi hinengaro anö:

• motor,
• āhua,
• aronganui,
• arorau-waha.

2. Nature o te whāinga o:

• te noho,
• tumu.

3. Ko te roanga o te rauemi whakatika / faaoraraa:

• wā-poto,
• wā-roa,
• whakahaere.

4. Whakamahia ngā rauemi mnemotechnical:

• hāngai,
• takawaenga.

Ko te āhua o te mahi hinengaro anö i roto i ngā mahi

Ahakoa te meka e ngā momo katoa o te mahara ōrite ki tenei paearu, e kore e te tīariari i roto i wehe me te taunekeneke tata ki ia atu, whakakitea Blonsky etahi pau o ia momo:

• Motor (nekeneke) mahara. whakahaua Whakarōpū o mahara i roto i tenei take e ki te predominance o tetahi atu nekehanga ranei. Hei tauira, he faufaa i roto i te hanganga o ngā pūkenga mahi, me te mahi nekeneke (e haere ana, rere, tuhituhi, me ētahi atu) i tēnei ahua. Kore, ina e tatou kua i te whakatinanatanga o te mahi nekeneke wa katoa ki te whakawhanake i te reira ano. Ko te kupu i reira te vai rite he tetahi pūkenga wahi ātete raraunga (hei tauira, he kāhua ringaringa tetahi o tatou kai ringa mo te oha, te tikanga o te whakamahi i rīnena etc), me te ahua (nekeneke deflection tautuhia i runga i te āhuatanga rānei).
• pūmahara āhua. he whakarōpū mahara rokiroki hāngai ana i te tirohanga o te modality ārahi (ataata, māna, olfactory, gustatory, tūturu). takaro te mōhiohio mohiotia e te tangata i te aroaro o, i muri i hanga i te mahara image e kē i roto i te puka o whakaaturanga. āhuatanga motuhake o ngā he kongakonga me te peroo me te tapepe. Nä, te whakapakoko tāruatia i roto i te mahara e taea tino rerekē i tona taketake.
• mahara aronganui. whakakitea te reira i roto i te tukanga o te haamana'oraa me te tārua i kare. He tino nui i roto i te mahi hinengaro o te tangata takitahi, no te mea kei te matua te kare tohu te āhua o to tatou mau hinaaro, me ngā ngākau nuitanga, te hononga i tatou ki te ao waho. Mana'o ite e tatou i roto i te mua, ka whakaritea i roto i te mahara, ka mahi hoki tatou rite kaimanawa / antipobuditeley ki etahi mahi. I roto i tenei take, kia rite i roto i te puka o mua, mau mana'o, tāruatia i roto i te mahara ki te kia materia rerekē i tona taketake taketake (i runga i te tauiraa o te natura, te ihirangi, me te faahepo i te tetahi wheako).
• mahara-waha, me te arorau. Hāngai ana i te haamana'oraa i te whakaaro takitahi (whakaaro e pā ana ki te pānui i te pukapuka, te ihirangi o te whakahaere ki o koutou hoa, me ētahi atu.). I te wa ano, i te mahi o te whakaaro e taea waho te whai wāhitanga o ngā puka wetereo - konei te ingoa: mahara-waha, me te arorau. mahara Classification kupu ngā rua momo: ka ko reira e tika ana ki te mahara te tikanga anake o te rauemi i waho te tārua pū o tahi kīanga waha; i te mea e tika ana rite te faaiteraa-waha mau o etahi whakaaro.

Ko te āhua o te whāinga

• mahara te noho. Tahi e te whai wāhitanga mātātoa o te pai ai i roto i te tukanga o te ako ma'uloto, whakatōpū me te uri o etahi mōhiohio.
• mahara tumu. Ko te rere o nga tikanga matua o te mahara haere kahore puai, aunoa. I te wa ano e taea e te mana o te haamana'oraa mahara tumu e rua ngoikore, me te, i runga i era atu o nga ringa, eu noho.

Ko te roanga o te whakatika / containments

whakarōpū mahara Main te tikanga ngā tonu te paearu wā.

• mahara wā-poto. Mau mōhiohio i muri i te mutunga o tona perception (mahi i runga i nga whekau tikanga o poapoa e tika ana) mō te pā ana ki 25-30 hēkona.
• mahara wā-roa. Ko te reira i te aratau tino mō te pupuri hangaia te takitahi te ki te rokiroki i ngā mōhiohio mō te wā roa. I tua atu, whakamahia tenei kōrero e toutou i te tangata.
• RAM. Kia whakatakotoria ki te kōrero motuhake i roto i te rongoā e hāngai ana ki te mahi o nāianei. Mau, tenei raruraru me te whakatau i te pū o te RAM i roto i te āhuatanga i homai. Whakarōpū o mahara e pā ana hoki te ki te paearu wā. Tei runga i te tikanga o te raruraru e faatiti'aifarohia i roto i te mahara mōhiohio rokiroki wā kia rerekē i te hēkona ruarua ki te maha nga ra.

Mā te moni mnemotechnical

• pūmahara hāngai. kawea Whakarōpū o mahara i roto i tenei take i roto i te tirohanga o te aroaro / ngaro o etahi taputapu āpiti transceiver. A, no te whakamana he tukanga aauraa tika te tika mohio a pānga i runga i tinana rauemi o te mau mana'o takitahi.
• pūmahara takawaenga. whakatinana te reira i te whakamahi i takitahi taputapu motuhake, me ngā tikanga i roto i te tukanga o te rokiroki me te tārua i rauemi.

Ko te kupu, i waenganui ano me tona mōhiohio tā hono atu whakamahia i roto i te mahara. Ka rite ki e te raveraa i enei wae tohu motuhake, knots, cribs, me ētahi atu