Russian ratonga ngaro, me ratou hītori

E tata noho ratou tonu i roto i te atarangi, engari ko te mahi nui. Na ko tika ti'aturi i runga o te āhua te whakarau tenei mahi. ratonga Russian motuhake - he mea o te mana, me ki te hāmene, i te marae, te ope, e whakaata te kaupapa here o te kāwanatanga, me te mahi i roto i nga ngākau nuitanga o te State. Na ko reira tonu a tino i roto i āhua katoa.

History o ratonga motuhake haere, pea, i roto i nga wa onamata, i roto i nga ra ka tutei utua Russia hoki ratou. Na ka haere mai nga pokapū tekitiwhi tuatahi, maramarama hōia. E te ara, ko te waitohu o enei tinana te pekapeka. Kei te mātātoa te Pūrongo whakamahia mō te whakatau-hanga e pā ana ki te marau i runga i nga noho tata o tawhito rangatira Russian, mo te whakahaere o pakanga o raupatu.
Mana, te ratonga motuhake Russian i tuhia i roto i te kingitanga o Tsar Alexis i 1649. Te tiaki e pā ana ki te haumaru, ko ia ki te whakatau i iti-whanau ki te mahi i roto i tona tari whaiaro. I roto i te 1654g. i huaina ai he tikanga huna, e whai kaimahi te motuhake mana. I muri i whakamararatia te mate o te kingi, whakawhiti te take ki te tikanga Ambassadorial. Order inaianei pūrongo ki te kingi anake, aru nga mahi kawana, karere, ngā pokapū kāwanatanga mahi i roto i te maramarama, me mau ohipa tōrangapū. i Russian ratonga motuhake ka tonu rawa ngoikore, engari i hanga nga takahanga tuatahi o te kāwanatanga i roto i to ratou whanaketanga.

A, no te nga hanganga o Pita ahau i reira ko tetahi pirihimana auau, te Interior Tāhuhu (i roto i nei haere tāpaetanga i runga i ngā hanganga wā pirihimana), me te taha te timatanga o te rau tau rua tekau. wehea Pirihimana ki gendarme, mataeinaa, terenga me whakahaere-rapu.
ko nga pae i roto i te pane, me pa nui, me te, i roto i tahuri, wehea ki te tata i reira nga pirihimana i runga i te ohipa. Ko te Kauti he mira ki rangatira pirihimana riro. I roto i nga kainga o ngā mahi pirihimana kawea kaitiaki kainga. I te tau 1903. i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapakari i te mataeinaa pirihimana i hanga kaitiaki pirihimana, e hāngai ana maitai wae pirihimana hoiho.

Tari Pirihimana, me te mahi tari tekitiwhi kawea tūhuratanga mahi.
ko te tino kaha te Gendarmerie. Corps o huuhuu (takitahi, hanga i te tau 1827.) Ahiri te whakahaere hōia i roto i te tikanga katoa (haere, ōhanga, whakahaere), ka korerotia tika ki te Tāhuhu o Defence, a i roto i te 1880 he wahi o te Tāhuhu o Internal Affairs.

whakamua nohopuku ki te rautau tekau mā iwa. I muri i te Oketopa Revolution o Russia Me ki te whakarite i te tiaki o ona ngākau nuitanga ki te whai mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hoariri, me ana mahere ngaro.
I whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i tētahi mahi motuhake o te Cheka - OGPU, me nga tinana o ngā waeine o KGB me te hōia, me te taea o te maramarama, me te counterintelligence mahi motuhake whakatau-hanga, ko te whāinga matua ko te ki te whawhai ki te kaupapa counter-hou. Katahi ka puta ke te Russian ratonga motuhake e rave rahi taime i tona ingoa. 1920. - te Cheka raro i te RSFSR NKVD.

1941, Hui-tanguru - i roto i te faaapīraa o te ratonga i te haumarutanga ano NKVD wehea ki Commissariats. Ko tētahi o ratou - te Interior, te tuarua - te āhua. haumarutanga. ratonga haumarutanga Russian riro motuhake.

. 1941, Hōngongoi - NKGB me ngā i roto i te, NKVD katoa kotahi te NKVD.

1943 - hanga GU Counterintelligence "Smersh" me haere i raro i te ringa o o nga tangata Commissariat.

I muri i te whawhai, i reira he ano tetahi atu whakariterite anō.
. 1946, March - hanga MGB, tona mahi - maramarama me counterintelligence. Rua i roto i te whenua, me te i waho, huri noa i te ao.

. 1954, March - te hanga o te tinana hou - te KGB (maramarama, counterintelligence), roa noa te parariraa o te USSR.

1991. - tetahi atu whakariterite anō. wawahi KGB ake ki ngā ratonga motuhake: rohe, tiaki kāwanatanga, kōrero kāwanatanga, counter-maramarama, te ite.

Kotahi tau i mua ki te whakariterite anō o te Soviet Union tomo ki Interpol. I roto i te Mahuru 1993, Russia, rite te whai tomo ki nga rarangi o te ICPO-Interpol.
He marama ruarua NCBs ki te riro wheako, aro mātai ana te reira me hanga Russian ratonga motuhake e tīari i teie mahana.