Taunekeneke ira

Gene - he wae hanganga o ngā mōhiohio tuku iho. tohu te reira i te wahi motuhake o te rāpoi ngota pītauira (i ētahi wā RNA). whakarato ira pāhekoheko te whakawhitinga o tohu pūmotu o kaiao mātua uri.

Ia ira whakatau he āhuatanga ngā, i te mea motuhake o te ētahi atu. E taea e ki te taunekeneke ratou. Ko te whakawhetai taea ki te meka e reira te tenei hono kainga tupu o ira. A, no te ngā i roto i te tohuira mahi ratou rite te pūnaha. He tino me te ngoikore nga taketake whanaungatanga i waenganui ia ratou.

tohuira Human - mano o tohu (te pūnaha), e taea uru 46 anake pūira. he maha nui o ira (i te iti rawa 30 mano) Kei ia o ratou.

pea te whanaketanga o te āhuatanga ngā tika ki te mana o neke atu i te kotahi ira, me te maha o e he tikanga free tūhonohono. ira pāhekoheko taua i huaina polymer (tino matatini). E ai ki tenei tikanga, i reira ko te wahi tupu o te tae kiri, makawe, me rau o ētahi atu āhuatanga.

Nā ki tenei te maha o ira whakarato te tautoko me te whanaketanga o ngā kaiao papû-, arā, o ngā momo o motuhake pūtau rerekëtanga. tāutuhia e te tangata e pā ana ki 200 ngā momo o ngā pūtau he wae atu ki te maha o motuhake momo mahi, me te morphological o ngā pūtau.

ira pūhui i roto i te pūira tautuhi e te ira mamau wā. Katoa no ki te rōpū taua o ira hono e riro tahi i roto i te hanganga o tohuhema.

Ko te maha o ngā rōpū rerekē o ira mamau taurite. āhuatanga pāhekoheko e rua-ranu te i roto i e kore ko te mamau raro ki ture Mendelian. Heoi, ko te tino onge te pu oti. Ka rite ki te tikanga, i roto i te uri whakaatu katoa wha tohuāhua.

Tohatoha allelic me taunekeneke ira kore-allelic. Ngā irarā - he momo o te ira kotahi enei.

Irarā - taunekeneke no ki te taua rua o ira allelic. takoto faaiteraa āhuatanga te kore hononga mana anake, engari ano hoki te maha o ira i roto i te tohuira.

E taea e ki te hanga i taua hononga, rite te ngoi oti (ina ko te tohuāhua o te heterozygote te hua o anake te ira kotahi) me oti (te tohuāhua o te heterozygote rerekē i te tohuāhua o iraruarite ngā irarā huaira ngoi me te ngoikore, tango Tuarua uara (takawaenga) ki a ratou Kodominirovanie -. A te tauhohe i ira allelic ka whai heterozygotes te tohuāhua e rua hua.

Nonallelic - pānga tahi o rua (nui ake ranei) ira kore-allelic. Ka taea te whakahuatia te reira i roto i te puka o epistatic tautoko ki, ranei te whakakē pāhekoheko waerau.

kia whakawhānui rerekē Ngā pāhekoheko ira nonallelic, na te wehe e rave rahi momo.

Tautoko - taunekeneke ira takitahi Mendelian ki tetahi tohuira me te meinga whakaatu o tetahi āhuatanga kotahi.

Waerau - he pānga tāpiri o te maha o ngā ira kore-allelic i runga i te hanganga o te huru ngā e ai te rerekētanga whānui tonu o quantifiable. He tāpiripiri, me te noncumulative Waerau. I roto i te take tuatahi, ko te tohu o te tau takoto o ngā irarā tino ira polymeric roto i te tohuira. I roto i te take tuarua, whakaritea te tohu o te āhuatanga e anake e te aroaro o te irarā ngoi me he motuhake o ratou tau.

Epistasis - te pehanga o te ira tino irarā o tetahi tuatahi nonallelic. Ranei pehanga o mahi tino me ngā irarā ngoikore i roto i gipostatichnom ira ngoikore irarā hakari epistatic i roto i te āhua iraruarite.

Ko te tautoko - āhuatanga whanake i te mahi tahi o ira 2-tino, e he āhuatanga o takitahi e kore e meinga.

Whakakē - Ko te huringa o te ira matua kore-allelic i roto i te pā ana ki a ratou pūtohu. Ka taea e tetahi ira mahi te nuinga i roto i te whakahaere i te whanaketanga o te huru, me te whakakē i roto i pā ana ki te whanaketanga o ētahi atu āhuatanga.

Kei te kitea tonu te pāhekoheko o ira, ina pā rave rahi ira te hanganga o te tetahi āhua o te āhuatanga rauropi.