TCP-tauranga. Rārangi o TCP me UDP tauranga

I roto i te whatunga rorohiko, tauranga ko te wāhi hopea o hononga i roto i te pūnaha whakahaere. Kei te whakamahia i tēnei wā hoki mō ngā pūrere pūmārō, engari te pūmanawa ko te hanganga arorau, e tāutu ana i te tukanga motuhake ratonga ranei.

Port te whai pānga tonu ana ki te IP-wāhitau o te ope, me te momo o te kawa kōrero, me te kupu whakaoti te wātū tohatoha wāhitau. Kei te tāutuhia te reira mo ia wāhitau, me te kawa ki te awhina o te tau moka-16, e mōhiotia ana te tau tauranga. E nuitia tau tauranga motuhake e whakamahia ana ki te tāutu i ngā ratonga motuhake. O te mano i tabulahia i roto i te 1024 e waiho e nga tau tauranga pai-mohiotia i roto i runga i te whakaaetanga ki te whakatau i te momo motuhake o ngā ratonga i runga i te ope. Tikanga, e kua whakamahia te nuinga nga tauranga mahi mo te mana tukanga (hei tauira, Kawa Tuku Mana (TCP) me Kaiwhakamahi Kawa Datagram (UDP) kawa Ipurangi i te kete).

uara

e kore e hiahia ana ngā hononga hāngai pērā i "ira ki te tohu", ka taea te whakahaeretia te rorohiko i ia pito ki tetahi anake tono i te wa i te TCP-tauranga. riro ratou tika i muri i taea ki te mahi i neke atu i te kotahi hōtaka i te wa o nga waka, a ka i hono ki whatunga pākete-whakawhiti hou. I roto i te tauira, he hoahoanga tono kiritaki-tūmau, tauranga me kiritaki whatunga hono ki te tomokanga o te mahi, te whakarato ratonga multiplexing, i muri i te whakawhitiwhiti tuatahi o raraunga e pā ana ki te tau tauranga pai-mohiotia, a kua tukua ai e whakawhiti ia tauira o ngā tono mahi ki te raina i whakatapua. He he he hononga ki te tau motuhake, a taea te mahi ki te kupu atu kiritaki e whakaroa.

taipitopito

Kawa Raraunga hono - Kawa Mana Whakawhiti (TCP) ko Kawa Datagram Kaiwhakamahi (UDP) - whakamahia ki whakapūtā te tau tauranga ūnga me te puna i roto i to ratou wāhanga pane. Ko te tau tauranga ko te tau tōpū waitohu moka-16. Ko te kupu, e taea e te reira i roto i te whānuitanga i 0 ki te 65.535.

Heoi, e kore e taea e TCP-tauranga whakamahi i te tau 0 mō UDP Source Port he kōwhiringa, me te uara o te kore, te tikanga tana ngaro.

hono te tukanga tona wāhi putanga ranei takere i roto i te turanga Ipurangi (kōnae whakamārama momo) e te kawa waka, tau tauranga me te IP-wāhitau. mohiotia ana tēnei tukanga te rite here, a ka taea e te reira tuku raraunga me te fariiraa mā te whatunga.

pūmanawa pūnaha mahi whatunga kawenga mō te tuku arawaho o raraunga i tauranga tono katoa i roto i te whatunga me te tuku anō i pākete whatunga tākairoto (na roto i te ōrite te IP-wāhitau, me tau waea). kotahi tukanga anake e taea te herea ki te motuhake IP-wāhitau, me te tauranga ngā te whakamahi i te kawa waka taua. rahunga tono General, whakatika ētahi wā karangatia e pakanga tauranga ina e tamata hōtaka maha ki te whakapā atu ki te tau tauranga taua i runga i te te taua-wāhitau IP, te whakamahi i te taua kawa.

Kia pehea te e whakamahia ratou

Tono te whakatinana i ngā ratonga noa maha whakamahi rawa i rongoa me rārangi o TCP me UDP tauranga pai-mohiotia ki te farii i tono ratonga i kiritaki. mohiotia ana tēnei tukanga te rite whakarongo, a ka kau te fariiraa i te reira i te tono ki te tauranga pai-mohiotia, me te whakatū i tētahi kōrero i waenganui i te tūmau me te kiritaki "kotahi-ki-tetahi", me te taua tau tauranga rohe. kia haere tonu i ētahi atu kiritaki ki te kia hono - he taea tenei, mai tāutuhia te hononga TCP te rite te mekameka arā, o wāhitau mamao, me te rohe, me te tauranga. kua oti te whakarite TCP Paerewa me UDP tauranga i whakaaetanga i raro i te mana o te Numbers Ipurangi Tautapatia Mana (IANA).

Ko te matua o nga ratonga whatunga (matua, WorldWideWeb), te tikanga whakamahi i te maha iti o ngā tauranga - iti iho i te 1024. I te maha ngā pūnaha whakahaere rapua e ngaahi monū motuhake hoki ki te tono herea ki a ratou, no te mea kei te maha ratou whakaaro ki te kia tino ki te mahi o whatunga IP-e hāngai ana. I te tahi atu te ringa, te pūhui o te kiritaki mutunga, rite ki te tikanga, pā maha nui o ratou, tīpakohia hoki te whakamahi wā poto, Heoi, i reira e pera-ka karanga tauranga Rangitahi.

hanganga

E whakawaeheretia TCP-tauranga i roto i te pane pākete o te kawa waka, a ngāwari e taea te whakaatu ai ratou e kore e anake te tuku me te whiwhi rorohiko, engari ano hoki i ētahi atu wāhanga o te hanganga whatunga. I roto i ngā pātūahi, te tikanga whirihora ki te wehewehe i waenganui i nga pākete i runga i to ratou pūtake tauranga ūnga ranei tau rānei. Anō ko te tauira matarohia o tenei.

whakamātau te mahi ki te hono ki te whānuitanga o ngā ngā tauranga i roto i te raupapa i runga i te rorohiko mohiotia rite ratou matawai. Ko tenei te tikanga e tika ana ki rānei kore ngana kino ranei te kaiwhakahaere whatunga rapu mō whakaraeraetanga taea ki te āwhina ki te ārai i taua whakaeke.

Mahi e hāngai ana i te āhua o ki te whakatuwhera i TCP-tauranga, maha te mana me te tuhia ki te awhina o rorohiko. Ka whakamahia e tēnei tikanga he maha o hononga manawapa i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite i te hononga maeneene ki te tūmau.

tauira o te whakamahi

Ko te tauira tino nui, i reira whakamahia te whānui TCP / tauranga UDP, ko te pūnaha mēra Ipurangi. Kei te whakamahia te tūmau mō te ī-mēra (tuku me te whiwhi), a te tikanga titau te ratonga o rua. whakamahia te mahi tuatahi ko te ki te kawe mēra me te tahi atu tūmau. tutuki tēnei mā Kawa Whakawhiti Mail Simple (SMTP). Ka rite ki te tikanga, whakarongo mahi tono i runga i te tau tauranga TCP-SMTP 25 i roto i te tikanga ki te tukatuka tono taumai. Ko tētahi atu mahi ko te POP (tino - Kawa Office Post) IMAP (Kawa Uru Karere Ipurangi ranei) ranei i te mea e tika ana mō te tono kiritaki ki te ī-mēra ki ngā mīhini kaiwhakamahi 'ki te farii i te tūmau ī-mēra. POP patapata Ratonga ruma ki te TCP-tauranga e taea 110. nga ratonga i runga rere e rua i runga i te rorohiko ope taua. A, no te tupu tenei, titore te tau tauranga te mahi i tonoa e te pūrere mamao - PC o te kaiwhakamahi tetahi atu tūmau mēra ranei.

Ahakoa te pai te tautuhi tau tauranga te tūmau whakarongo (karanga IANA ratou nga tauranga pai-mohiotia), Kei te maha whiriwhiri te kōwhiringa kiritaki i te whānuitanga hihiri. I roto i ētahi wā, takitahi me te tūmau whakamahi kiritaki motuhake TCP-tauranga whakaritea ki te IANA. Ko te tauira pai, ko te DHCP, te wahi i te kiritaki i roto i te wā katoa te whakamahi i UDP 68, me te tūmau - UDP 67.

Taupānga te-wāhitau URL

E te tahi mau taime tau Port mārama kitea i runga i te Internet, te tahi atu Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ranei. Na roto i te taunoa, whakamahi HTTP TCP-tauranga 80 me HTTPS - 443. Heoi, i reira e te tahi atu rerekētanga. Hei tauira, tohu te http://www.example.com:8080/path/ URL-wāhitau e te hono i te pūtirotiro Tukutuku ki te 8080 hei utu o te tūmau HTTP.

Rārangi o TCP me UDP tauranga

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, Internet I tautuhia Numbers Mana (IANA) te kawenga mō te ruruku ao o te DNS-Root, IP-wāhitau, me te tahi atu rauemi kawa Ipurangi. Kei roto i tēnei rēhita nuitia whakamahia tau tauranga mō ngā ratonga Ipurangi pai-mohiotia.

Kua wehea nga tau tauranga ki toru rarangi: te pai-mohiotia rēhita me te hihiri, ranei tūmataiti. Pai mohiotia (mohiotia hoki rite pūnaha) - Kei te he tau mai i te 0 ki te 1023. Whakaritenga mō te whakatū hou i roto i tēnei awhe e atu pākaha atu hoki ētahi atu pūkete.

tauira mohiotia whānuitia

Tauira e te hunga i roto i tenei rārangi ngā:

• TCP tauranga 443: HTTP Haumaru (HTTPS).
• 21: ko te Kawa Whakawhiti Kōnae (te FTP).
• 22: Haumaru Shell (SSH).
• 25: Kawa Whakawhiti Mēra Simple (SMTP).
• 53: Domain Ingoa Pūnaha (DNS).
• 80: Kawa Whakawhiti Kuputuhiitua (HTTP).
• 119: Kawa Whakawhiti Network News (NNTP).
• 123: kawa Network wa (NTP) ..
• 143: Kawa Uru Karere Ipurangi (IMAP)
• 161: Kawa Whakahaere Simple Whatunga (SNMP) 1.
• 94: Internet Relay Chat (IRC).

Tauranga rēhita ngā tau i 1024 ki te 49151. IANA pupuritia te rārangi e pā ana o here e mōhiotia me rēhita. Hihiri ranei tūmataiti - i 49152 ki te 65535. Kotahi whakamahi mō tenei awhe tauranga Rangitahi.

History o hanga

I hanga tauranga tau ariā wawe ngā ARPANET i raro i te mahi tahi ōpaki o ngā kaituhi o te pūmanawa, me te pūnaha kaiwhakahaere.

E kore kua te wā "tauranga" i whakamahia i roto i te ia. ko tau pereti raihana mo te ope mamao he tau moka-40. i rite ki o tenei ra IPv4-wāhitau nga paraire tuatahi 32, engari ko te nui tino te 8 paraire tuatahi. Ko te wahi nui iti rawa o te tau (paraire 33 ki te 40) tohu tetahi ahanoa, ka karanga Aina. Ko te tauira o te tau tauranga hou tenei.

Maehe 26, 1972 ko te tuatahi ki te tono i te hanganga o te whaiaronga o te tau turanga i roto i te RFC 322. Ko te kaiwhakahaere whatunga huaina whakaahua ia ruma pūmau hoki ona mahi me ngā ratonga whatunga. Tenei rārangi i muri whakaputaina rite RFC 433 i roto i Hakihea 1972, ka whakaurua he rārangi o nga mano, ratou tau tauranga me te mahi hāngai ki te kia whakamahia i runga i ia kōpuku i roto i te whatunga. I roto i te Mei 1972, nga tau tauranga ūnga mōhiohio mō te wa tuatahi tuhia, ratonga whatunga, ka whakarato hoki i te mahi whakahaere motuhake ki te mau tonu tenei rēhita.

Ko te rārangi tuatahi o te TCP-tauranga 256 Aina i ngā uara i wehea ki te rarangi e whai ake nei:

• 0 ki te 63: āhuatanga paerewa puta noa te whatunga
• 64 ki te 127: mahi Kaihautū-motuhake
• 128 ki te 239: i whakatoea hoki te whakamahi heke mai
• Mai i 240 ki te 255: tetahi āhuatanga whakamātautau.

Kua riro ratonga Telnet te ohipa mōhiohio tuatahi o uara 1. I nga ra wawe o te wā ARPANET hoki i huaina Aina te ingoa o te turanga i i whakamahia ki te hononga taketake kawa (MSP) me te wāhanga o te hōtaka whakahaere whatunga (NCP). Ko te kupu ko NCP te matamua o ngā kawa Ipurangi o tenei ra te whakamahi i tauranga TCP / IP.