Te Helsinki Group Moscow - he whakahaere tika tangata. Lyudmila Alexeyeva - te tiamana o te Helsinki Group Moscow

Ka rite ki matau koutou, hanga 05/12/1976 Moscow Helsinki Group - he whakahaere whakatapua ki te aroturuki tautukunga ki te wahi tuatoru o nga whakaaetanga Helsinki kei tuhinga fakaetangatá. ngā ratou kai i runga i ngā tika tangata taketake, te haapa'oraa o nei nga ngā mema o te kaupapa tika tangata i te aroturuki i roto i te Soviet Union mō te maha o ngā tekau tau. I runga i te hanganga o te rōpū i kauwhautia i te amuiraa press i te whare o te ahupūngao Soviet Andreya Saharova.

History o hanga

Te Helsinki Group Moscow (MHG) i roto i te mata o Yuri Orlov, te kaiwhakarewa me tiamana tuatahi, te aroaro ona whāinga e whai ake. Ka aroturuki i te whakahaere hanganga ture ki te Whakapuakanga o te USSR Helsinki, ka e States katoa e kua haina i tenei tuhinga, tahi ki te Soviet Union, e pā ana ki tetahi maumaui.

I tua atu Yuriya Orlova, ngā te rōpū Alexander Ginzburg, Lyudmila Alexeyeva, Natan Sharansky, Vitaly Rubin, Malva Landa, Alexander Korczak, Elena Bonner, Anatoly Marchenko, Mikhail Bernshtam Pita Grigorenko.

hainatanga takoha

whakatakotoria te Helsinki whakaaetanga te makatu'unga mo te tikanga ki te aroturuki tautukunga me ratou whakaritenga. I roto i ngā, kia waiho nga upoko o röpü ki te aromatawai i te hanganga ture o āhua hoa katoa hainatia ratou whakapuakitanga i te hui ā-tau. Te Moscow Helsinki Group tumanako e te mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana i runga i maumaui o tuhinga e pā ana ki ngā tika tangata, ka kia whakaaro i aua hui, a, e inoi manahune e haina te Soviet Union he kawenata e mahi i roto i te ki tonu, tae atu ki te humanities tuhinga. Kore ki te rave i te reira i taea e arahi ki te parariraa o nga i runga i Helsinki, e kore i taea e te kaiārahi Soviet aro ki. I roto i te ngākau nuitanga o te Soviet Union i reira ki te mau tonu i te kirimana tino moni ki a ia, tango ki pūkete te meka e taataa te whenua i wehe roa ma i te toenga o te ao, me nga ringa iwi hōkeka.

mahi whai hua

Te whakahaere tika tangata, i ngā o te mau melo ma tahi anake, i kore titiro ki te e taea ki te aroturuki i te rohe nui katoa o te Soviet Union. Nāwai i tika i rite ngoikore penei me ētahi atu kirirarau katoa o te USSR mema o MHG, a ngā ratou taputapu katoa o rua mīsini taipé tawhito. I te tahi atu te ringa, ngā rōpū Moscow Helsinki kaiwawao aravihi e huihui i te wa he nui nui o te rauemi i runga i te kaupapa pāngia. Ano, reo irirangi ke päpäho i runga i te rohe o te Soviet Union, tonu ki tonu nga pūkete o te Helsinki Group Moscow, ka timata ia ki te farii i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te tangata maumaui tika puta noa te whenua. I roto i ngā, ngā mema o te whakahaere nga activists o Iukereiniana, Lithuanian, Hōriana, me te Armenian kaupapa motu.

I roto i te 6 tau o tona oraraa, kua hanga te rōpū, ka tukua i runga i ki te Te Hau-ā-uru e pā ana ki 195 ngā pūrongo o tangata maumaui tika i roto i te Soviet Union. Ēnei pūrongo Kei roto ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te here i runga i te tika ki te whakamahi i te arero o ratou whaea, ki te riro te mātauranga i roto i to ratou reo Māori, me pera i runga i. D. Religious activists (Papitaisó, Adventists, Pentecostals me Katorika) korerotia e pā ana ki te maumaui o te tika ki te tikanga herekore o te karakia. Citizens he nei kahore i te mau melo o tetahi nekehanga, korerotia hanganga ture-kore ki te wahi tuatoru o nga i runga i Helsinki, i tukua i rānei ratou ranei ratou mea i aroha.

he tauira pai

I muri mai, e whai ake nei i te tauira o te Helsinki Group Moscow, i Noema 1976, i hanga e Lithuanian me Ukrainian Helsinki Group, i roto i te Hānuere 1977 - Georgia, i roto i te April - Armenian, i roto i te Hakihea 1976 - te Komiti Karaitiana mo te tiaki o te tika o te hunga whakapono i roto i te Soviet Union i Whiringa 1978 g - Ko te Komiti Katorika mo te tiaki o te tika o te hunga whakapono. puta hoki Helsinki Komiti i roto i Poland me Czechoslovakia.

tauhohenga

I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1977, ka timata Ukrainian ko Moscow rōpū o hopukia. Ko tētahi o te tuatahi hopukina ko te tiamana o MHG Yuri Orlov. Haratua 18, 1978 na'e tautea ia ki 7 tau whare herehere ki nga mahi pakeke, me te 5 tau o whakaraua. i titiro te marae ana mahi rite rōpū, anti-Soviet me whakatö-ki holoki te āhua Soviet me pūnaha. I te 21 o Hune o te taua tau i whiua Vladimir Slepak ki te 5 tau o whakaraua. Pipiri 14, i whiua Natana Sharansky ki te 3 tau i roto i te whare herehere, me te 10 tau i roto i te puni tino-tikanga.

Na roto i te ngahuru o 1977 i tangohia e ratou o te haere noa mo neke atu i te 50 ngā mema o te rōpū Helsinki. He tokomaha o ratou i whiua ki ngā whare herehere roa, i mate etahi ki mua i to ratou tuku.

Ko te ngaru o te mana

Ko te pāpāho i roto i te whenua manapori - hoa o te Soviet Union i nga i runga i Helsinki hipokina te tukanga Helsinki me te whakatoi o ona ngā mema i roto i te USSR me ona āhua amiorangi. Ko te iwi whānui i roto i enei whenua ähua ki tenei fakatanga i hanga ratou ake rōpū, me te Komiti Helsinki.

I runga i te hanganga o te Helsinki Group American i kauwhautia ai i roto i Hakihea o 1978. whakahaere e rite i muri puta i roto i Canada me etahi whenua Pākehā Western. Ratou whāinga ko ki te aukati i te whakatoi o ratou hoa, me te ki te faaitoito pēhanga i runga i o ratou faatereraa motu ki ui kaha i te Soviet Union o te Helsinki whakaaetanga o te mahi.

Ko nga hua o te mahi

Kua whanau ēnei tautooraa hua. Tīmata ki te Conference Madrid i Oketopa 1980, kua tae mai manapori āhua rōpū ki nga hui kotahi reo enei mau titauraa. Āta tautukunga ki te herenga o te toru o "kete" ka tetahi o nga āhuatanga matua o te tukanga Helsinki. I roto i te Conference Vienna o 1986 i hainatia te kawa atu, rite ki nei te āhuatanga tika tangata i roto i te whenua - rōpū ki te Whakaaetanga aro te āwangawanga o nga kaihaina katoa.

Ko te kupu, ka te Helsinki Group Moscow te purapura, ka hoatu e whanau ki te kaupapa Helsinki ao. Kei te he ia he mana tipu i runga i te ihirangi o te tukanga Helsinki. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te hautoa, te whakatangihanga a whakahaere tika tangata he wāhi i roto i te whakaaetanga ā-kāwanatanga. Kua te Soviet Union kua whakawakia o te ofatiraa i tuhinga fakaetangatá i runga i te pūtake o ngā tuhinga e whakaratohia ana e te Moscow, Ukrainian me ngā rōpū Lithuanian.

Gorbachev koero

I raro i te pēhanga i te whenua manapori, e kore anake Moscow rōpū "Helsinki", engari ano hoki ki nga tangata katoa tangohia o ratou haere noa mō oko tōrangapū o te Soviet Kirimina Waehere, i 1987, i tukua e ratou. I roto i te 1990, i homai tangata Soviet te tika ki noa waiho me te hoki ki te whenua, ki te aukati i te whakatoi o whakapono.

Ko te wheako riro i roto i te akoranga o te mahi tahi tata ki ngā whakahaere waho i te käwanatanga, kua kitea te reira i roto i te meka i ko te OSCE te rōpū te ao tuatahi i whakaurua ratou i roto i te tukanga mahi rite hoa rite. I te Conference i runga i te Tangata Ahu o te māngai o ngā rōpū waho i te käwanatanga whai wāhi i runga i te pūtake o te örite ki māngai e pā ana o nga āhua mema OSCE, me te kupu e homai e ratou ki runga ki te taahiraa rite.

Hoki i roto i nga rarangi

MHG, i roto i tona taketake ko e te whakahaere motuhake anake waho i te käwanatanga i roto i te Soviet Union, inaianei whai wāhi ārahi i roto i te kaupapa tika tangata me te hapori ā-, i hanga e i roto i te Russian Federation. tonu te arotahi matua o te Helsinki Group Moscow ki te aroturuki i te āhuatanga tika tangata. I teie mahana, Heoi, kua kawea te reira i roto i runga i te pūtake o ngā tuhinga fakaetangata o nga i runga i Helsinki kore anake, engari ano hoki ki te tautoko o te kaupapa ture Russian, te Convention Pākehā mo te Protection o Tika Tangata me nga rangatiratanga me ētahi atu tiriti ā-ao i runga i ngā tika tangata hainatia e te Russian Federation.

Lyudmila Mihaylovna Alekseeva MHG ahu i roto i te tau 1996. E toru tau mua, ka hoki ia ki a Moscow i whakaraua i roto i Hui-tanguru 1977 i roto i te United States. te i katoa te wahine tonu ki te mahi i roto i te whakahaere tika tangata, a ka arahina hoki ki te haapurororaa o te irirangi "Liberty" me "reo o Amerika".

I roto i te 2012 ka haere mai ki te mana i te ture hou o te Russian Federation, te mea i whakaritea e te Moscow Helsinki Group - he kaihoko ke e manako ana moni i ki waho, me te he hononga ki waho. Ki te pehea e o te taupae e kua mua kua whakamahia hei uhinga tatau ia mo te kupu "tirohia", faaoti te whakahaere ki te whakawhāiti i tatou ki te āwhina i tangata Russian.

he utu tika

I roto i te 2015, Lyudmila Alexeyeva kua riro hoki te mahi tino i roto i te mara o tika tangata te tohu Vatslava Gavela. Ka hokona atu e € 60,000 i te hui nui i tū i te Palace o Europa i roto i Strasbourg i te ra o te timatanga o te wātū taara o te Runanga Pāremata Coe, ka mea a Pace te peresideni Anne Brasseur e te ngā tika tangata, ka mau i runga i te mau ohipa ki te whawhai mo te tika, kua faauruhia ia e rave rahi whakatupuranga o activists Russian, me te ke . No te tekau tau, whakawehi Alexeyeva, ngaro ia tona mahi, a kua akina atu ki te waiho i te whenua ki te kia taea ki te haere tonu ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te tangata maumaui tika i roto i te Soviet Union. Ia inaianei Matua te Moscow Helsinki Group - Freethinkers whakahaere waho i te käwanatanga, kua maha nei fehangahangai ki riri, engari tonu tonu ki te whakahe i te meka o kino, me te ki te āwhina i ngā pārurenga.

tonu te whakaeke

Tata nei, i runga i te mahana o te huritau 40 o te MHG kāwanatanga TV hongere "Russia-1" aroaro "pakipūmeka", i nga whakapae e riro rangatira pato'iraa Alexei Navalny pūtea i maramarama Ingarangi, tae atu ki te awhina o te Helsinki Group Moscow. I tuku te reira i "tuhinga" me "reta", te whakapae e whakaatu ana i ana hononga ki te upoko o te moni haumi "Hermitage Capital" William Browder. Analysis o te "rauemi" whakakitea MI6 me CIA e hira ratou i roto i te kupu tūturu me te hapa angamaheni o kaituhi Russian. Tiamana o te Helsinki Rōpū Moscow paopao nga whakapae o te pāpāho kāwanatanga, ka mea e kore ia e kore te moni i Alekseya Navalnogo riro tetahi moni, me te kore ia i hoatu e. ka mea ngā tika tangata e kore e te Moscow Helsinki Group me te pūtea whakahaere whakawhitinga pūtea, pēnei i te whakanohonga o moni i roto i te moni taiepa, e kore e mahi.

Te āhua, rahua Pouriuri tetahi ngana ki whakapokea ano te Helsinki Group Moscow me te pato'iraa.