Tu-244 - he waka rererangi pāhihi paorangi

Kia anga te iwi ki te rangatira te rangi kaha, reira takakawe tonu ki te whakapai ake i te rererangi ki te hanga a ratou ake pono, tere, atu te horo. Ko tētahi o nga whakaaro tino auaha o te taata nei i roto i tenei aronga he rererangi pāhihi paorangi. Ko, kāore, ki okotahi onge, te nuinga o nga whanaketanga kua katia i tēnei wā i te wā tauira ranei. Ko tētahi kaupapa pērā ko te paorangi pāhihi rererangi Tu-244, e e aparau i tatou i raro.

tere atu i te reo

Otiia i mua i te tīmata tatou korero tika e pā ana ki te Tu-244, kia tango a he haerenga poto ki te hītori o te taata nei ki te hinga te tere tahuri o tangi, no te mea ka waiho i te rererangi he hokohoko atu tika o te rangahau pūtaiao i roto i tenei rohe.

He nui whakanui ki te whanaketanga o te rererangi kua hoatu ki te Pakanga II o te Ao. Ko e taimi ia i reira he whakaaro tūturu o te waka rererangi ki te engines jet taea o tere takahuri nui. Mai te hawhe tuarua o te 40-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga, i kaha ka manakohia ratou e rua i roto i te rererangi hōia, me te tivira.

Ko te mahi i muri i ki te whakanui i te tere o te manureva. Ki te haere koe i roto i runga i te arai paorangi kihai i uaua, te whakanui ake noa mana engine, ko te raruraru nui te upooti'araa o reira, mai rerekē nga ture o te motupaika i aua tere.

Otiia, tutuki te wikitoria tuatahi i roto i te iwi ki te tangi i roto i te tau 1947 i roto i te rererangi whakamātau American, engari kihai i timata hangarau ultrasonic pehu whakamahia tae noa ki te mutunga o te o 50 - wawe 60-doma o te rau tau XX i roto i te rererangi hōia. He production tauira rite mig-19, Te Tai Tokerau American A-5 vigilante, Convair F-102 Delta oka me te tini ke atu.

Pāhihi rererangi paorangi

Otiia kihai i pera waimarie te rererangi. Kua puta te rererangi pāhihi paorangi tuatahi anake i roto i te mutunga o nga 60raa. A i te kau i hanga reira e rua anake tauira rangatū - te Soviet Tu-144 me te Franco-Ingarangi "Concord". Ko enei te rererangi roa-hao angamaheni. ko Tu-144 i roto i te mahi i te tau 1975 ki te 1978, me te "Concord" - i 1976 ki te 2003. Ko te kupu, i te kau e kore e whakamahia, kahore rererangi paorangi ki pāhihi waka.

He kua maha kaupapa hanga ki te Supersonic me rererangi hypersonic, engari etahi o ratou pae hopea katia (Douglas 2229, Super-Caravelle, T-4, me etahi atu.), A te tahi atu whakatinanatanga totoro ake (Engines Reaction A2, SpaceLiner, Generation Next Supersonic Transport). E pā ana te whakamutunga ki te rererangi kaupapa Tu-244.

Tīmata o te whanaketanga

Ko te kaupapa ki te hanga i te waka rererangi, i mahara ki te whakakapi tīmata te Tu-144 Tupolev i roto i te wā Soviet, i roto i te tīmatanga o 70-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. A, no te hoahoa i tētahi waka rererangi hou, whakamahia te kaihoahoa te hoahoa o tona mua, "Concord", me te rauemi o hoa American nei whai wāhi i roto i te mahi. Kua kawea whanaketanga katoa i raro i te aronga o Alekseya Andreevicha Tupoleva.

I roto i te 1973, ka karanga te manureva kaupapa ko Tu-244.

whāinga kaupapa

Ko te whāinga matua o tenei kaupapa ko ki te waihanga i tētahi rererangi paorangi pono whakataetae mō te pāhihi waka whakaritea ki manureva e jet subsonic. Tata i anake te painga o te mua i runga i te to muri he taonga i roto i te tere. I roto i te toenga o te manureva e paorangi ngaro ratou whakataetae pōturi. Pāhihi waka ki runga ki a ratou e kore e tika i te utu atu ōhanga. Haunga nga rerenga i ratou ake mōrearea atu i te waka rererangi tika ki te pūkaha hū. Te take whakamutunga, rokohanga, ko mutu te take e pā ana mō te mahi i tuatahi noa i te marama torutoru paorangi Tu-144 i muri i tona timatanga.

Ko te kupu, ko reira he otinga ki enei raruraru, a ka tukua ki nga ngā o te Tu-244. Me kia te rererangi pono, nohopuku, engari i te wa ano, i tona mahi i roto i te tikanga ki te kawe pāhihi ki te kia-utu whai hua.

āhuatanga hangarau

Ko te tauira whakamutunga o te Tu - 244, tangohia i roto i te hoahoa, ko ki te whai i nga nei ai hangarau me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere.

Ko te waka o te airliner uru e toru iwi. tangohia kaha roto i i te tere o 300 pāhihi. Heoi, i roto i te putanga whakamutunga o te kaupapa i reira ki te tapahi ki runga ki te 254 iwi, engari i roto i tetahi take i reira nui nui atu i taua o te Tu-154, farii i te katoa o 150 pāhihi.

Te whakamahere tere ina tauihi ana ko 2.175 mano. Km / h, i te mea nui ake i rua i te tere o te oro. No te whakarite, i rite ki te 2,300 mano km / h, me te "Concord" te tohu ano i runga i te Tu-144 - .. 2,125 mano km / h. Ko te waka rererangi whakaritea ki te mahi i te iti bit pōturi atu i tona mua, engari e tika ana ki tenei, tino whakanui i tona kaha, i mahara ki te whakarato i tētahi painga ohaoha i te transportation o pāhihi. whakaratohia Movement wha pūkaha turbofan. Range o rere o te waka rererangi hou i ki kia 7500-9200 km. kaha Utaina - 300 taranata.

kia whai Waka rererangi te roa o 88 m, he teitei o 15 m, he ola parirau ko reira 45 m me te rohe mata whai hua - 965 m ^2.

I mahara te rerekētanga waho matua i waenganui i te rererangi hou i te Tu-144 ki te waiho i te huringa o te hanganga ihu.

whanaketanga tonu

ka mau te kaupapa o te hanga i te manureva paorangi o te whakatupuranga tuarua o te Tu-244 he wa kaua e tautohetia ana, me te rave rahi kua oti huringa nui. Otiia, ara i muri i te tiango o te Soviet Tupolev kihai i mutu te whanaketanga i roto i tenei aronga. Hei tauira, kua i roto i te 1993, i te whakaaturanga rangi pārongo taipitopito i runga i te whanaketanga i whakaratohia kua i roto i France. Heoi, e kore i taea e te āhuatanga ōhanga o te whenua i roto i te 90 tau, engari pā te whakarau o te kaupapa. I roto i te meka, whakairia tona whakarau i roto i te rangi, ahakoa tonu te mahi hoahoa, me te pūrongo e pā ana o tona katinga kihai i. i i tenei wa, i timata te reira i te kaupapa ki te uru atu kaha nga tohunga American, ahakoa puritia hoapā ki a ratou i roto i nga ra o te USSR.

Hei haere tonu rangahau i runga i te pāhihi airliner paorangi o te whakatupuranga tuarua i roto i 1993, e rua Tu-144 i faafariuhia i raro i te taiwhanga e rere.

Katia whakatio ranei?

Ki te whakamārama o te whanaketanga haere tonu, me te kerēme e i roto i 2025 ka tae mai te rererangi TU-244 ki te mahi o te rererangi i roto i te nui o 100 waeine, ko te maere rawa te kore o te kaupapa i roto i te hōtaka kāwanatanga mo te whanaketanga o te rererangi i roto i nga tau 2013-2025., Nei i whāngai i roto i te 2012 . Me ahau mea e hapa te hōtaka i te maha o te tahi atu whanaketanga tino, i whakaaro noa taua wa i fafau i roto i te ahumahi manureva, hei tauira, he jet pakihi paorangi Tu-444.

Tenei meka taea mea e te kaupapa Tu-244 rānei katia tūturu whakatotoka ranei ake. I roto i te take whakamutunga, he nui anake i muri, i roto i 2025, te taea te tuku o enei rererangi paorangi. Heoi, kahore whakamārama mōhiohio i runga i tenei take e kore kua i hoatu, e rau rawa he mara whānui mō tikanga rerekē.

opuaraa

Hoatu te runga ake katoa, e taea te kī i te reira e te kaupapa Tu-244 ko tēnei wā i te iti ki te kia tere i roto i te rangi, a kia ara kia tutakina. E kore kua te fanongonongo mōhiohio e pā ana ki o te kaupapa te whakarau ano tupu. E kore haehae take he aha i whakatārewatia ia tūturu ranei katia. Ahakoa e taea ana te kī reira e taea waiho ratou hei kore o moni tūmatanui ki te moni i taua whanaketanga, te āhuatanga ōhanga o te kaupapa, ranei te take e taea e ia noa morare tawhitotia i roto i te 30 tau, ka ko inaianei i runga i te rārangi take e atu whāinga wā roa-. Heoi, he mea ka taea ki te whakaawe i te katoa āhuatanga e toru wā kotahi.

I roto i te 2014, i hanga te pāpāho i whakapae e pā ana ki te hë o te kaupapa, engari kia tawhiti kihai ratou i whiwhi haamauraa mōhiohio, rite, te mea, me refutation.

Me kï reira e kore i ano tae whanaketanga tāwāhi o te rererangi pāhihi paorangi o te whakatupuranga tuarua o nga aho mutu, me te whakatinanatanga o te maha o ratou i raro i te pātai nui.

I te wa ano, i te reira te mea e kore e tino e hoatu e kore tauākī e pā ana i te tangata haamanahia ake i runga i te kaupapa o te Tu-244.