Tukanga pathological Angamaheni: definition, tohu, tauira

Mea katoa e tupu i roto i te tinana tangata, ko te raro ki etahi ture. mahi stereotypically ahakoa o te āhuatanga ratou, na kei te ngana te tinana ki te tiaki ia ratou i te "riri" i roto i te puka o te rongoā werohanga ranei, i ētahi wā pupuri ia. He aha te take e memeha? A me pehea e taea te whakaawe tatou tenei tukanga ki te tahuri i te reira ki te painga o ratou? He reira he ariā o te tukanga pathological angamaheni, momo, te whakakotahi i te āhuatanga? I runga i enei take mō ngā rau o nga tau, tākuta me pūtaiao kohuki. E tamata ratou ki te kawe i te ture i roto i te tauhohe o te tinana, ki te tātari i tona mahi.

whakamāramatanga

Angamaheni tukanga pathological - he Niniiraa o tauhohe raupapa puta i roto i te tinana i roto i te whakautu ki ngā āhuatanga o waho ā ranei whakararuraru i te akoranga noa o ngā tukanga faufaa. He 'ulungaanga pērā i te ngäwari, stereotypy, etiology Poly, autochthonous, equifinality me dynamics whanaketanga motuhake Tetahi tukanga pathological.

Knowledge o te āhuatanga e āhei ki te tohatoha tukanga pathological angamaheni nui o ngā tauhohenga katoa e tupu i roto i te tinana i ia meneti.

āhuatanga Main o te tukanga pathological

Hoki ngā tukanga pathological angamaheni āhuatanga e te aroaro o ono 'ulungaanga motuhake.

1. Te faahararaa e. Wātea o ngā āhuatanga angamaheni o te tukanga, ahakoa o ona take, me te localization.
2. Ringa rehe e. kia tukanga mate Angamaheni kia titoa o rerekē hinonga mate.
3. Polyetiology. māngai Etiologic o te mate kua anake te tūranga timata, a kahore he pumau.
4. Autochthonous. taonga o te tukanga ki te whakawhanake i runga i to ratou ake, ara, no te he kore te take pūtake whaimana.
5. Equifinality. ara rerekē o te whakatinana i te tukanga pathological e arahi ki te whanaketanga ano, me te taumira.
6. akiaki whanaketanga. Tenei whakapai ake o nga huarahi o ture, me te tukanga pathological.

E matau ana enei āhuatanga, he reira taea ki te tautuhi i tetahi tukanga pathological angamaheni. Tauira o taua ari: mumura, kirika, hypoxia, ahotea, ru. I tua atu, e taea te pēnei reira ki enei tukanga, puku Thrombosis, atrophy, me te tini ke atu.

mumura

Mumura - he tukanga tauira pathological e faaite te huringa i roto i te rere toto, nui haere uruhanga iaia i roto i ngā ki te tini o nga pūtau me te kopa a tawhio noa te ma'ii'o. whai ana te reira i te whakakorenga o te faaitoitoraa pathogenic me te ora o te kopa me okana mahi.

Mumura ngā wāhanga faufaa e rima: wera, te mamae, puku, whero, me te pōrearea. He angamaheni o te tukanga pathological taea te whakamahi mo te tātaritanga me te mate pārōnaki hinonga ēnei āhuatanga. He noa tikanga inflammatory ki kaiao ora katoa, tae atu kararehe pūtau, ahakoa o nga āhuatanga keu, me te hanganga o te tinana āhuatanga.

Me haere tetahi mumura i roto i toru ngā wāhanga, e kia nui atu iti iho ranei korerotia. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi - te whakarereketia. Kei te whai pānga te reira ki te kino ki te kopa me ngā pūtau. I muri i te reira, e haamata exudation ka i te iaia ki te wāhi pakaru tīmata ki te rere inu. Na te wā whakamutunga - tini. Tenei tini pūtau me te kiko mahi whakaora i hohe (houtanga).

kirika

ngā ano tukanga pathological angamaheni pāmahana whakaarahia me anoxia. Ka taea e koe te tīmata ki te kirika. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e tamau kirika tika ki huringa i roto i te pūnaha thermoregulatory. Evolutionarily i hanga tenei tauhohenga te ki te tiaki i te tinana i āpiha hopuhopu i mate i raro i te mahi o te wera.

He tokorua o ngā rau tau i mua, nga mate katoa i roto i te tukanga o te whanaketanga i whakaara ake te pāmahana, i huaina "Fever." Ko tenei wā reira i teie mahana i roto i te ingoa o te tahi mau hinonga mate, engari e kore e nga wahi katoa.

Ko te ngako o tenei tītohunga takoto i roto i te meka e te tinana i muri i te patua e te tukumate hua te taonga motuhake - te keke. pā ēnei matū te pokapū thermoregulatory me nuku he teitei atu i mua i te tamau setpoint pāmahana. Ko thermoregulatory ratou tikanga pupuri ratou mahi. Tenei kirika rerekētanga taketake i tūāhuruiti, i roto i nei i reira ko te kore o e vai tikanga thermoregulation.

hypoxia

Hypoxia - he tukanga angamaheni pathological e puta tika ana ki te kore o te hāora i roto i te rangi ranei, e tika ana ki maumaui o ratou tuku ki whēkau me te kopa.

wehewehe:

- hypoxia hypoxic (hāora pēhanga taka i roto i te rangi ambient);
- matehā romahā ranei (waimaero waka o te hāora i roto i te gematoalveolyarny arai);
- hematic te kore Blutwurst (heke kaha o te toto ki rāpoi hāora);
- circulatory (auau tohanga iti);
- he papanga (whakaiti i roto i te kiko hāora perception);
- kikī (kiriuhi pūtau okana functionally overloaded);
- te whakauru;
- (whanake, ki te ko te tinana, he roa te wa i roto i te taiao ki te kohupara nui) tangata-i hanga.

Te nuinga tairongo ki te kore o te hāora ko te kiko io, uaua cardiac, ate me ngā pūtau tākihi. Hoki te ako o taero hypoxia whakamahi e whakanui i te tuku o te hāora ki te kopa ranei te whakaiti i hiahia o te tinana mo tenei hau.

mate pāwera

E kore e taea te mahi i te ariā o ngā tukanga pathological angamaheni, kahore te faahiti mate pāwera. Tenei whakautu hypersensitive o te pūnaha ārai mate o te tinana ki te ahua o antigens o te tinana. E whā ngā momo o te hypersensitivity:

1. Anaphylactic. I roto i te whakapā tuatahi i hanga te tinana e ki te antigen nui IgE, piri nei ki te rewa pūtau me honotanga roto i te toto. Toutou whakapā ki te antigen, kua ngaro ngā pūtau rewa, hinga kiko toto me takawaenga inflammatory e meinga tauhohe pūnahanaha.
2. Cytotoxic. Antigen kei i runga i te membrane pūtau, I muri iho, e ngaro akomanga immunoglobulin horo M ko G. te pūtau i phagocytosis, ranei i raro i te mana o te pūmua ngä, pūtau ōka tūturu ranei.
3. Immunocomplex. E hono tūturu paturopi ki te antigens ka tāpiri ratou ki nga taiepa o oko toto. E ngaro e whākōkī tukua iaia pūtau endothelial.
4. hypersensitivity momo roa (DTH). tomo te antigen te tinana, te taunekeneke ki macrophages me ngā pūtau kaiawhina T e whakaongaonga wātea i te mate.

ahotea

Stress - he ariā ngā tae atu i te tikanga urutaunga kore-motuhake o te tinana e kua whakaurua i raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga o waho, me te ā. Tohatoha ahotea pai - eustress me kino - mate. Na roto i te momo te rongo te wehe neuropsychic, te pāmahana, te marama, me ētahi atu Golodova. Taumahatanga.

Kei te karanga a hoki te ahotea whaiaroaro te syndrome urutaunga whānui (Osa). kitea physiologist Hans Salle e, i roto i te tua ki te utu mo te āhua o te ahotea, me i reira ko etahi kino ki te huānga tinana: whakaiti o te repe thymus, te whakanui ake i te uho adrenal, tuwhenua o te wahi gastrointestinal.

Kua tāutuhia e te taua mataotao e toru ngā wāhanga o te CCA:

- whakaoho (roopu o rāhui tinana);
- te resistance;
- kēkeno.

E rima nga tau i muri i te whakaputanga o tona ariā, i roto i 1938, whakaarohia e ia he ariā Salie urutaunga wā.

Thrombosis

tukanga pathological Angamaheni e pā ana ki disorders o tohanga toto - he hypoxia me Thrombosis. Last Ko te hanganga o te tepe i roto i oko toto i roto i te ora tangata. I muri whara matua, rua, oko capillary ranei tetahi atu wiwi ki te pae o te whaturama o platelets e piri tahi, ka hanga i te katinga pūtōtepe tuatahi. kati ia te koha me te aukati i te mate o toto te moenga iaia i.

Tenei tukanga taha pai. Heoi, i raro i etahi tikanga (toto nui mate, kore o ngā tikanga urutaunga, lipids toto mā'olunga), clots toto e taea te hanga me te kahore kino ki te bloodstream. Clots porotītiti roto i te bloodstream me taea Toke iti (nui ranei) oko, meinga ischemia me te okana necrosis.

E toru ngā āhuatanga e whakatairanga Thrombosis, m. N. topu- o Virchow:

- hypercoagulation thrombophilia (he tu'unga meinga e hē ira nui haere hinaaro o te wātea i te mate ranei) ranei;
- kino mucosal pūtau iaia (whētuki, pokanga, mate);
- he takahi o te rere toto ki te pae o te whara (stasis toto e tika ana ki te mate Cardiovascular).

puku

Ka taea te whakaaro pūtaiao Medical rite te tukanga pathological puku tauira. Whakamāramatanga o tenei ariā ko tenei: ko te kikokiko i hanga e rite ki te hua o ngā rerekētanga i roto i te taputapu iranga o te pūtau. Kua arahina ēnei huringa ki te rangirua o ratou tupu, me te pārōnaki.

Kua wehea te pukupuku katoa ki e rua ngā rōpū: mārire, me te mārere. E rima āhuatanga e he noa ki te pukupuku katoa:

- atypia (kiko pūtau ranei);
- te hanganga organoid;
- Kaunuku;
- mana motuhake;
- tupu mutunga.

Hoki whakatipu puhoi mārire. e kore e ratou te hanga i metastases, me te kore e whai i te mana ino i runga i te rauropi rite te katoa. Otiia i te kongutu o huru meapango taea puku mārere.

atrophy

tukanga pathological angamaheni ngā atrophy me e hōloa. Atrophy - he whakaiti i roto i te rahi o whēkau me te kopa tika ki te mate kai. I roto i atrophy kitea heke te matotoru o te muka uaua, whakaiti o actin me myosin, matū kirihou. I roto i te myocardium puta ngā wāhi necrosis, a ki runga ki te ararewa puku - he whewhe. whakawhanake Atrophy i roto i te wa i te tangata, ka pau e te ma'i maoro, ranei takoha ki te ū ki te moenga okiokinga tino, pērā i muri i te whatinga te whakaeke ngakau ranei.

Ko te mau hopearaa o te atrophy ngāwari ki te whakatika, ki te wā whakahokia mahi nekeneke. Na reira, faaoti i te reira ki te whakaara pokanga o te manawanui i roto i te wā postoperative i roto i te kōwae tiaki kaha - kia whai wāhi i roto i te tua, me te manawa mahi.

I roto i ngā kore-hauora, kei te whakamahia tenei kupu, ina e hiahia ana ratou ki te arotahi ki runga i te mate o tetahi tikanga kaha ranei.

ma'ii'o

Ma'ii'o - he tukanga pathological angamaheni, he mate pūkoro āhuatanga i te taumata kikokiko, e arata'i ki o ratou huringa hanganga. I te ngakau o tenei tukanga ko te takahi o nga pūtau mana. E wehewehea tikanga o kiko arataukai me okana ki intracellular me wahopūtau.

tikanga Intracellular ngā:

- waka o ngā hua pūkoro tinana i roto i te toto me te tīpona;
- mesenchyme intercellular;
- neuroendocrine ture.

Tūkinotanga o ia hono takitahi, katoa ranei tahi ko etahi ahua o te pohokore. Te huna hoki i te pūmua, te ngako, te warowaihā me te kohuke ma'ii'o, me te mau tonu.

atherosclerosis

Ko hoki Tūkinotanga o lipid pākia i roto i te tukanga pathological angamaheni. Ko e pā ana ki te pākia o te ngako, me ratou waipara i roto i te taiepa oko te pathophysiology o tenei huru. He iti lipids me te tino iti-kiato moe pūtau endothelial hanga i te whakatū papa atheromatous. I roto i te wā i muri i roto i to ratou wahi tupu kiko tūhonohono e imbibiruetsya katote konupūmā. He hira ake, kuiti taiepa oko, me te taea te tino tanumia. arata'i tenei ki ischemia me te okana pōrearea.