Waerau - he aha te mea te reira? production waerau

E mea maere pehea kanorau nga taonga a tawhio noa tatou, me nga rauemi kua hanga i ai e ratou. I mua, e pā ana ki ngā rau tau XV-XVI, nga rauemi matua he konganuku, rakau, i muri karaihe, tata i nga wa katoa, porcelain me te oneone. Ko te rau tau reira - te wa o waerau, ka e kia kōrero atu.

Ko te ariā o waerau

Waerau. He aha te mea te reira? Ka taea e koe te whakautu ki nga ngā ngā o te tirohanga. I runga i te ringa kotahi, he rauemi hou e whakamahia ana mō te hokohoko i te plurality o tūemi hangarau, me te whare.

I te tahi atu te ringa, ka taea e tatou te mea ko reira te taonga waihanga rawa synthesized ahu ki ngā āhuatanga këtia hoki te whakamahi i roto i te whāiti whanui.

Ia o enei whakamārama he tika, anake te tuatahi i roto i ngā o te whare, me te tuarua - i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te matū. Ko tētahi atu whakamāramatanga matū ko e whai ake. Waerau - tenei pūhui macromolecular nei e hāngai ana i runga i ngā rohe poto o te mekameka rāpoi ngota - waetahi. auau toutou ratou hanga waerau macrochain. pea te waetahi pūhui e rua organic me inorganic.

Na te pātai: "? Polymer - he aha te mea te reira" - titau te whakahoki taipitopito me te whakatutuki nga āhuatanga katoa me whakamahi o ēnei matū.

momo o waerau

He maha whakarōpūtanga waerau e ngā āhuatanga (āhua matū, ātete wera, hanganga mekameka, me te pera i runga i). Te ripanga e whai ake aparau i poto nga momo taketake o waerau.

wehewehe hoki i waenganui i waerau rārangi, hanganga ripeka-hono me branched. turanga waerau e āhei ki a ratou kia rewarau rewatau ranei. E hoki ratou rerekētanga i roto i te kaha ki te deform i raro i tikanga noa.

Ko te āhuatanga ōkiko o ngā rauemi polymeric

Basic rua tikanga töpü, angamaheni o waerau ko:

• amorphous;
• karaihe.

Ia āhuatanga e tona huinga ake o ngā āhuatanga, me te he mahu'inga mahi nui. Hei tauira, ki te vai te waerau i roto i te āhua amorphous, ka kia kia reira wai vyazkotekuschey me te rauemi waiwai me te pūhui Elastomeric (rubbers). Kei te whānui whakamahia te reira i roto i ngā ahumahi matū, hanga, hangarau, hanga o taonga ahumahi.

Ko te āhua, tioata o waerau e tino tikanga. I roto i te meka, whakauruurutia tenei āhua i te wahi amorphous o te mania, a ka i roto i te whānui tahuri te muingota katoa i roto i te tino watea mo te hanga o ngāwari, engari i te wa taua muka tiketike, me te mārō.

He rerekē nga ira whakakoero mo te waerau. E rave rahi rewanga amorphous i te pāmahana rūma, me etahi tioata waihanga te tu pāmahana tika teitei (plexiglas, te muka karaihe, polyurethane, polypropylene).

Ka taea te peitatia waerau i roto i ngā tae, kahore tetahi here. Nā ki to ratou hanganga, e taea ki te takanga mai i te peita, me te whiwhi i nga tae tino Tūrongo me te rerekē ratou.

Chemical Āhuatanga o Polymers

rerekē ngā āhuatanga matū o te waerau i te hunga o te iti matū taimaha rāpoi. Ko e tika ana ki te rahi o te rāpoi ngota, te aroaro o rerekē rōpū mahi i roto i tona hanganga, te rakau noa o tenei te pūngao whakahohenga.

I roto i te whānui, i reira e rave rahi ngā momo taketake o tauhohe āhuatanga o waerau:

1. Tauhohenga kia e ka whakaritea e te rōpū mahi. Ko te, ki te ko te waerau he rōpū OH, waiwaihā angamaheni, i konei, te tauhohenga i roto i nei e haere mai ratou ki te kia ōrite ki te hunga o waiwaihā (maroketanga, hāora, whakaiti, maroketanga, me ētahi atu).
2. Ngā pāhekoheko ki HMC (pūhui iti-rāpoi).
3. Tauhohenga i waenganui i waerau ki te hanga i te whatunga macromolecular crosslinked (waerau whatunga, branched).
4. Ko te tauhohe i waenga i ngā rōpū mahi i roto i te macromolecule polymer.
5. Mimiti haere o te macromolecule i runga i te waetahi (mekameka kinonga).

Ko o faufaa nui enei tauhohe katoa i roto i te mahi, mo te faaineineraa o waerau ki ngā āhuatanga këtia me te tangata whakamarie. Waerau Matū taea ki a koe te hanga wera-ātete, waikawa me te alkali-tohu rauemi, e whai i te wa taua ngäwari rawaka me te pūmautanga.

Taupānga o waerau i roto i te rā

Ko te whakamahi o enei pūhui puta noa. Torutoru taea mahara i te mara o te ahumahi, ōhanga, te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kihai i pai nei hiahia waerau. He aha te mea te reira - he ōhanga polymeric me te whakamahi whānui, me pehea te pau ai?

1. ahumahi matū (ahumahi kirihou, tannin, kōtuitanga organic o pūhui nui).
2. engineering Mechanical, Aviation, refineries hinu.
3. Medicine me te Pūtaiao.
4. Whiwhi tae me pahū, ngā patukīrea me waipatutaru, insecticides i roto i te ahuwhenua.
5. ahumahi hanga (maitai alloying, tangi hoahoa me te mātao wera, rauemi hanga).
6. Making taonga tākaro, rihi, korere, pouaka, tūemi whare me housewares.

Waerau Matū āhei ki te whiwhi atu me te ake, ko reira te āhuatanga ao o te rauemi, nga momo o e kore i roto i te konganuku ranei i roto i te rakau karaihe ranei.

Tauira o ngā rauemi polymeric

I mua i whakahua tatou hua motuhake i waerau (e taea ki te whakarārangi katoa, nui rawa o to ratou kanorau ratou), Me tuatahi koe ki te matau te mea homai i te waerau. Te rauemi, i whiwhi nei te i te Navy, a ka waiho i te pūtake mō ngā hua ake nei.

rauemi Basic hanga i waerau, he:

• kirihou;
• polypropylenes;
• polyurethanes;
• terei;
• polyacrylates;
• resins phenol formaldehyde;
• resins epoxy;
• Capron;
• viscose;
• nylons;
• muka pareaku ;
• adhesives;
• kiriata;
• tannin me ētahi atu.

Ko te anake te rārangi iti o te aha momo tuku reira matū hou tenei. Ko konei kua ko reira mārama he aha ngā tūemi me ngā hua e hanga i waerau - tata tetahi tūemi whare, rongoā me ētahi atu wāhi (kirihou matapihi, putorino, oko kīhini, taputapu, taonga, taonga tākaro, kiriata, me ētahi atu).

Waerau i roto i mara ngā o te pūtaiao me te hangarau

Kua pa kua matou i runga i te pātai o te wāhanga i roto i nei e whakamahia waerau. Tauira whakaatu ratou faufaa i roto i te pūtaiao, me te hangarau, ka taea e hua i roto i te whai ake:

• tono o te rapa;
• coatings antistatic;
• pukupuku hiko;
• Kēhi o tata katoa taputapu whare;
• transistors;
• LED, a na i runga i.

E kore here i runga i te whakamahi o ngā rauemi polymeric i roto i te ao wawata i tenei ra.

production waerau

Waerau. He aha te mea te reira? Ko reira tata katoa e haaati nei ia tatou. E whakaputaina ratou hea?

1. Matūngahinu (para) ahumahi.
2. tipu Special mo te hanga o ngā rauemi polymeric me hua i a ratou.

Ko te pūtake matua i runga i nei whiwhi (synthesized) rauemi polymeric tenei.