Zinaida Gippius: biography, ngā meka, whakaahua

Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius - he rohi pehe Russian rongonui, kaituhi me te fakaanga tuhituhi. I muri te pānui i tēnei tuhinga, ka ako koe e pā ana ki tona ora, me te te ai'a toi mahue e te Zinaida Gippius uri.

Rā o whanau o te rohi pehe - Whiringa 8, 1869. i whanau ia i roto i te pa o Tula kawanatanga Belyov. Tona papa - he rangatira nui, he Russified Tiamana, ko kotahi he rōia pai-mohiotia. Whaea pehe Russian me kaituhi Zinaida Gippius ko te mokopuna o te rangatira o te pirihimana i Yekaterinburg. kihai i nahanaha mātauranga Gippius, i te noa'tu o te meka e i te kuao tau, lau ia he rota.

Z. Gippius ko Dmitry Merezhkovsky

I roto i te 1889, ka moea e Zinaida te rohipehe rongonui DS Merezhkovsky. mahue ia Tiflis ka oho ki a ia ki St Petersburg. Ko roto i tenei pa, he tau i mua i hanga e ia tona tuatahi rite te rohi pehe. Ko te hunga e '52 i noho ki tana tane Zinaida Gippius. He haurongo ngā o tenei wahine tohoakii connoisseurs o kore anake ona ake auaha, engari auaha me tana tane. Ehara i te mea maere, no te mea i ora ai Zinaida Gippius ki a ia he ora roa, ka mea ia, "mahi tatou i tetahi wahi ... ara mo te ra kotahi."

"Madonna ino"

I roto i te rotarota wawe o to tatou wahine pūrotu tino whakaawe SJ Nadson. Otiia hohoro patua tona Zinaida Gippius. Haurongo ia he tau wawe tohua e te hanganga o nga wahi motuhake. I whakaaro nga kaiuru o te ora tuhituhi o Russia o nga whakapaipai e rua i runga i te tahuri o te rau tau te faahoho'araa o te ino kaituhi auaha, me ia ia - "Madonna ino". Kua Na kua huaina a reira mai 1895, ka i whakaputaina ai, "horohoronga." "Aroha ana ahau ki ahau kia rite ki te Atua" - tenei parau o tona aroha ki te faahiti Zinaida Gippius. Ko te rawa ngā i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te huri kopare, tūranga Haurongo o te rohi pehe. E kore noa te whakapakoko o te "Madonna ino" te tino paruhi hanga Gippius me Hare i roto i te mahara o te hunga i aroha whiti. Zinaida tamata i te maha tūranga. whakahere matou ki a koutou te tiki maheni mo ratou.

Te huri i ngā tūranga

Zinaida Gippius - rohi pehe e āta whakaaro i roto i tona whanonga tuhituhi me te pāpori. Ia wā huri tūranga. Na, i mua i te revolution o 1905, mo e pā ana ki te 15 nga tau, taunaki punake tau'atāina fakasekisualé. I taua wa i whanau i te "hiahia taikaha ripeka" Zinaida Gippius. Creativity me te haurongo o te rohi pehe whakaata tona tūranga. I tona tirohanga o te ora, he "hiahia taikaha ripeka," tuhituhi ia i roto i te 1893 i roto i tona rātaka. I muri i taua, ka ia he hoariri o "ekalesia uchaschey." I roto i tona buka aamu i roto i te 1901, i tuhituhi ia e "kotahi anake te hara - samoumalenie". I roto i te wā i 1901 ki te 1904 ko Gippius te kaiwhakahaere o nga huihuinga karakia, me te taumauri, i nei ko te hōtaka "neo-Karaitiana" i te aroaro, e te mea rite ki te whakaaro o tana tahu, Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Zinaida Gippius, haurongo e whakaatu ana i te ringa rehe o tona tuakiri, ka kite ratou rite toa o te wairua o te revolution, e e wahi tika ke ki te "hapori kau".

Whare Muruzi, hononga ki AA poraka

ka Whare Muruzi nei ka mau Merezhkovskys, he pokapū nui o te ora pāpori, me te karakia-taumauri i St Petersburg. Tona haerenga ko he pau mo gravitating ki te fakataipe o kaituhi taitamariki me te whakaaro. Te mana Gippius i te poka, kua whakawhanakehia, huri noa Merezhkovsky, ko reira mâro-. Te nuinga o nga kaiuru i whakapono i ko reira Zinaida whai wāhi nui ana i roto i te katoa o tona kaha. Heoi, tata katoa i te tikanga ki Gippius, rite ātete rohipehe taiea, whakapehapeha, a maha whakanohoia ngā i runga i te tangata. Ko te hononga i waenganui i a ia, me te AA ka Unit he whārangi motuhake i roto i te hītori o te fakataipe Russian. I tū te whakaputanga tuatahi o te Blog (i roto i te buka aamu "Way New") i raro i ona maru. Otiia e kore e tenei aukati i te pakanga koi i waenganui ia ratou i roto i te heke mai, i meinga nei e te meka e whai ratou rerekē waiaro ki te take o te whakarite o te rohi pehe, me o te mauri o te toi.

E rua irava whakaminenga

He pukapuka e tika ana "Collection o rotarota. 1889-1903" whakaputaina i roto i te 1904 e Zinaida Gippius. Kua haurongo o te rohi pehe i roto i te tau torutoru kua tohua e te kohinga hou. I roto i te 1910, he pukapuka tuarua, i roto i nei aroaro i nga mahi hanga i roto i te wā i 1903 ki te 1909. Tānga o 1904 ko te hui nui i roto i te ora o te whiti Russian. Ann I., te urupare ki reira, tuhituhi ia e i roto i te mahi o Zinaida he hakari te hītori-tau 15 katoa o te ao hōu lyrical Russian. Ko te kaupapa matua o ona mahi, kia rite ki a Ann - "tārere mamae o te tāwēwē i roto i te ngakau." vy Bruce, he tahi o auahatanga Gippius, miramira te "parau mau ore," e hopu ana i te rohi pehe āhua aronganui, whakaatu tona ora, "te wairua whakaraua."

tāwāhi

I 1905 i reira ko tetahi revolution, kua whai wāhi nei ki te whakapakari i whakaaro puritia Zinaidoy Gippius. faaoti Merezhkovskys ki te haere ki waho. I roto i te wā i 1906 ki te 1908 i ratou i roto i Paris. Here, ka tata ki te tahae tāngata heke te tokorua, i roto nei ko BV Savinkov, e Zinaida āwhina i roto i ona ngā tuhituhi. I roto i te 1908 ka hoki Merezhkovskys whare. I reira whai wāhi ratou i roto i te tahi mau huru o te hapori fakalotu-taumauri, e ngā te kōwae, Berdyaev, VI Ivanov.

fakaanga tuhi

Zinaida Gippius rite te fakaanga mohiotia i raro i te pseudonym Anton Krayny. I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 1900 ko ia he kaikauwhau o te tohu o te hōtaka, me te whakaaro taumauri i runga i hanga te hōtaka. Ka rite ki te fakaanga tuhituhi Gippius maha whakaputaina i roto i te buka aamu "taonga Russian" me "Balance". Tefito Top tīpakohia mo te kaituhi i hanga i roto i te 1908 pukapuka "Literary Diary". kia mea te reira e Zinaida Gippius (haurongo poto me te auaha i tenei whakau) aromatawai i te āhua o te ahurea toi Russian hou rite te katoa tōraro. Tenei āhuatanga, i roto i tona whakaaro, i pā ana ki te parariraa o te mau mana'o pāpori me te raruraru o turanga karakia, e ora 19 tenetere. Ua ite Gippius e te karangatanga o te kaitoi i taka e kua tuhinga hou ki te ite ko te mana tika, me te kaha i runga i te ora, kia e kia "ohristianitsya" rite tetahi ara i roto o te vai te sikalú wairua, me te wä. hāngai ana ēnei ariā wahine toikupu ki kaituhi nei turu ki te whakaputa whare "te ite", ahu e Maxim Gorky, me te anti-tuhituhinga, i hāngai i runga i te whakarerenga iho o talena puāwaitanga.

Reflection whakaaro Hippius i auaha tuhituhi

I roto i te whakaari o te wahine pūrotu o tenei tuhinga kei roto i te whakaaro wero taua e kua hāngai i runga i te māramatanga tawhito o humanism me te whakapono i roto i te liberalism. Here Me kï reira whakaturia i roto i te 1916 "Green Ring". Ano hoki, kitea tenei tūranga i roto i ona kōrero, kohia i roto i te 5 kohikohinga. I roto i te 1911, i tuhituhi Zinaida Gippius te pūrākau "Tēvoló Doll", e whakaahua ana i te kore o te whakapono i roto i te whakapai ake o te hapori i roto i te ara rangimarie, me te i roto i te ahunga whakamua pāpori.

Attitude ki te Oketopa Revolution me tona whakaaro i roto i te mahi

E te nuku Revolution ka mau wahi i roto i 1917, ähua ki riri me te tütü Zinaida Gippius. Kei te tata hono haurongo Poto o nga tau pehe heke mai ki tenei hui. Mood, puritia e reira, kua kitea i roto i te pukapuka Gippius "Poems Last. 1914-1918," whakaputaina i roto i te 1918, me te rite i roto i "Te St Petersburg Diary", i i wāhanga whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1920 i roto i te hautaka emigre, a ka whakaputaina i roto i te reo Ingarihi (1975) me te Russian (i roto i te 1982).

Na Gippius rātaka taua wa, a i roto i te rotarota (whakaputaina i roto i te 1922 i te pukapuka "Poems. Diary 1911-1921"), a i roto i te tuhinga tuhituhi-tino i roto i te niupepa, "Meinga Common", lahi tuhipoka eschatological. whakapono Zinaida e te ngatangatá ngaro Russia. korero ia o te mai o te rangatiratanga o anatikaraiti. kī Poet e manú ko riri i roto i te ururua o te ahurea e hinga i roto i te 1917. Kua waiho Blogs te pukapuka o te ao tawhito wairua, me te tinana mate. Enei Zinaida Gippius tukinotia rite te momo tuhituhi e kua kotahi āhuatanga ahurei - ". Rawa te akoranga o te ora" te kaha ki te hopu me te kawe i Pukapuka ki te whakatika i nga mea iti, "ngaro i te mahara," nei i roto i te heke mai ka meinga nga uri o te pikitia pono o te mau ohipa e kua riro te ati i roto i te aamu o te whenua.

Whaturama o whanaunga ki whakaaetia te revolution

i pera kaha e faaoti te pehe ki whatiia atu whanaunga ki te hunga katoa e kua riro te reira te mauahara he o te revolution i Zinaidy Gippius - ki Bryusov, poraka, A. Bely. I te tau 1925 ka puta Rōpū huringa "Tangata Live", te pūtake o nei te scene motu - te hītori o tenei āputa, me te hanga anō o te pakanga wä e arahina ki nga ngā o Oketopa 1917. arahina te revolution ki te aroraa mooni hoa mua i roto i te mara tuhituhi. Tenei revolution ano i whakaahuatia e Zinaidoy Gippius (e poka ki Bloch, e kite i roto i reira i te tupuhi e purea me irava pahūtanga) rite "he hoha faahiahia" me te raupapa o nga ra i tuhia ai o "rāoa Kaore." Heoi, i pera whakapehapeha e te hiahia ki "matapo, me te turi" a Zinaida tenei mahi. "Ko te haurangi rahi" Ko i te pakiaka o te mea kei te tupu, pera te rohipehe whakaaro. Ko te nui atu, i roto i tona tirohanga, ki te mau tonu "pūmahara kaha" me "tikanga noa".

tangata heke wā Creation

tīmata Hūnuku auaha Gippius wā ki te memeha. Zinaida atu a ake whakaaro e kore e taea e te rohi pehe mahi atu ia i to ratou whenua tupu: "taimaha makariri" kingi i roto i tona wairua, te ia mate, ki te "patua te kahu." Ko te whakamutunga, ko te he kupu whakarite matua i roto i te kohinga whakamutunga o rotarota "maama", hanga i roto i te tau 1938. te mokemoke te reira e matua tohu, kite te punake kanohi katoa "e haere mua" (e hurihia ei enei kupu i roto i te taitara o te mau irava faufaa i roto i te mahi i muri mai o Gippius, tāngia i roto i te 1924). tamata te pehe ki mai ki ngā ki te ao i roto i te mua o aroha poroporoaki hunga ki a ratou, engari e whakakapi i enei nganatanga i te tūranga o te tütü ki te kino, me te tutu. Bunin, kōrero ki te kāhua o Zinaidy Gippius, e kore nei e mohio ki aau mārō rawa, me te maha hanga ki runga ki he taupatupatu, te auahatanga punake ko "rotarota hiko." Arotake "maama", i tuhituhi Khodasevich e "wairua whiti" Gippius whawhai ratou ki "whakaaro unromantic."

"Light Green"

Kua kite kē koe i roto i te aravihi whakahaere nohoia Zinaida Gippius. Biography, meka ngā, me mahi he e pā ana te nuinga ki ona mahi pāpori, i roa tata noa tona matenga o te rohi pehe. I tona kaupapa i hāngai kamupene i huaina "Green Light", i vai na i 1925 ki 1940. Ko te whakaaro o tona hanganga - te uniana o ngā porowhita tuhituhi, e i roto i whakaraua, ngā e ngā ratou te tirohanga i runga i te karangatanga o te ahurea Māori tua atu i te rohe o Russia, i whakatakoto Gippius i te timatanga o nga mahi o tenei porowhita. whakapono ia e hiahia ana koe ki te ako haere noa pono o te whakapuaki, me te whakaaro, a kahore he taea tenei, ki te whai koe i te "ako" maa'usia, iho ohaoha-tahatai. Heoi, kia tuhia te reira e kore i noa o ātete wä te "marama matomato". Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i nga kaiuru i reira i maha pakanga.

Ko te pukapuka, ko te pā ana ki Merezhkovsky, ko wai i tuhituhi Zinaida Gippius (biography)

auahatanga poto Zinaida arotakengia matou. tonu te reira anake ki te kōrero e pā ana ki a ia pukapuka hou, e, kāore, noho oti, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te tau whakamutunga o te rohi pehe. Dmitry Merezhkovsky mate i roto i 1941. Ko te mate o tana tane i ora te Zinaida pakeke. I muri i tona matenga, kua ia kua peia mai, te take o nei - he tūranga rangirua, i puritia e ia ki fascism.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora Gippius hoatu mahi i runga i te haurongo o tana tane. I whakaputaina te reira i roto i te tau 1951. He wāhanga nui o te pukapuka i oti rawa Dmitriyu Sergeevichu - o tona kunenga wä me te hītori o te mahi o hui karakia-taumauri. Mahuru 9, 1945, ka mate a Zinaida Gippius. Poetry reira ora tonu i roto i te ngakau o maha pā o tona mahi.