Āhuatanga Physico-matū o te toto, mahi toto

te ora e taea kahore toto. I roto i te tangata, mahi reira e rave rahi mahi nui. He maha ngā, engari he uaua te pe si◊aki enei āhuatanga. Mai i te āhua o te toto tei runga i te mahi o te ngakau, okana me oko toto.

Ko te mahi me ngā āhuatanga o te kaiao whakatau i te āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū o te toto. Hei mahino ratou, e hiahia ana koe ki te ruku hōhonu ia ki nga take o te whaiaroaro tinana tangata. Wehe he reira e tika ana ki te whakaaro i te wāhanga o te wāhanga toto me ngā āhuatanga wē.

āhuatanga General

Ko te toto e tika ana mo te tangata mo nga take maha. tavini te reira i te momo o te kiko tūhonohono. Ko te hanganga toto ngā pūtau ōrite me te taonga wai (wē).

Ko te rōpū tuatahi ngā pūtau toto whero, platelets me ma pūtau toto. Ia ahua o te pūtau toto mahi etahi mahi. Ratou toto katoa, i reira e ki runga, ki te 45%. Wē Ko te inu intercellular me he 55% o te taimaha katoa.

huaina te ōwehenga o te matūriki i hanga ki te rōrahi toto katoa te te hematocrit ia. tuakiri fakasekisualé pānga nga āhuatanga tinana, me te matū o te toto. tane whaiaroaro kōrero hematocrit i 41 ki te 48%, me te wahine - i 37 ki te 43%. whakaritea Ko tōna taumata e tikanga rerekē o te tinana tangata. kia waiho te huringa i roto i te absorption me excretion o Mariao, matewai, ture o te pūmua pākia whero production pūtau toto ranei tenei.

Hei tauira, ka piki i te maunga, i reira riro te huru atu korekore, faarahi hematocrit tika ki te hiahia ki te whakapiki ake i te supply o te hāora. Ko te rōrahi o te toto i te mea i roto i te pakeke te tinana tangata tae āhua 5 rita. Ko āhua 7% o tona taimaha katoa tenei.

He aha toto?

Mahi me ngā āhuatanga physico-matū o toto whakarato mahi tonu o te tinana tangata. Ko te whāinga matua o tenei taonga ngā transportation, ture, te kounga thermoregulatory me ngā āhuatanga tauārai te whakaū me te kiko mahi whakaora i.

Kei Transport mahi o te maha ngā āhuatanga. mauria e te pūnaha circulatory hāora ki te kopa, tango atu i a ratou hauhā (mahi romahā). E pā ana hoki ki te waka tuku kounga o ngā matūkai ki ngā pūnaha katoa. Tenei rōpū ngā te whakarite, me te toto puha. kohikohi te reira i te hua whakamutunga o te pākia pūtau me mauranga reira ki nga whekau o excretion.

whakaaro Thermoregulatory o toto, ko te ki te kawe atu te wera i te wahi o tona hanganga ki te tahi atu pūnaha. Mau tonu kikokiko houtanga me he tika ki ngā tukanga utu ratou homeostasis.

regulates hoki toto te waka o hormones me ētahi atu matū. Ko te whakaaro paruru ko ki te whakarite kia te mahi ārai. Hoki tenei whakaaro i roto i te tinana tangata i reira ko te maha o ngā tukanga.

āhuatanga matua

Ki ite pai te tangata, kua hiahiatia reira ki te mau tonu ngā mahi noa o te toto. Ko tera taha e, i reira e he maha o tohu characterizing te hauora o te rauropi. Ko te reira i te ngā āhuatanga tinana, me te matū taketake o te toto. Poto e taea te tabulahia i ratou, engari titau ia he whakaaro atu taipitopito.

Ko te tohu matua o te kāwanatanga o te pūnaha circulatory ko te oncotic me kaha osmotic, kounga slurry. huanga nui hoki pērā i te pūmautanga wē colloidal. Ko te āhuatanga matua e kua arotakea i te ako taiwhanga ko te mātotoru me te pokey o āhuatanga toto. kia katoa o enei āhuatanga i roto i te noa, he nui kino pai-oranga, t. Ki. toto rere i roto i te pūnaha, te kai i nga pūtau ranei. tei tika i ona āhuatanga hauora.

momo kaha osmotic

Whakaaro i te ngā āhuatanga tinana, me te matū taketake o te toto, he mea e tika ana te tuatahi o te katoa ki te whakarongo ki he tona kounga rite te momo kaha osmotic. Tenei auau tei runga i te taumata kukū o solutes i roto i te wē.

kia ai taua mea kore-electrolytes me electrolytes. E te tetahi pēhanga katoa o enei wae. Hangaia NaCl te nuinga o tenei puaretanga. wāhanga pararopi tahi kėia 95% o te kaha osmotic.

Tikanga i roto i te pakeke, i te ahua ko te 7.5-7.6 atm. Tenei pera-ka karanga otinga saline whaiaroaro, ai te ihirangi tote ko te 0,86%. Heoi, ki te te ihirangi piki taupū NaCl, ona whiti kukū, me te i runga i te pēhanga o. huaina ana tēnei otinga ko "hypertonic". Ko te hinga o te kukū tote arata'i ki te hekenga i roto i te pēhanga. arata'i tenei ki te momo o te otinga hypotonic.

Ine kaha osmotic

Tūkinotanga o nga āhuatanga physicochemical o te whanaunga toto ki te kaha osmotic arata'i ki arā o te pūnaha. reo whaiaroaro rite ki tenei parau tumu whakahaere te whakawhitinga o te otinga i roto i te membrane semipermeable. Ai whakamana kaupapa inu i te kukū tote raro ki te kukū.

A, no te ngaro hypertonic erythrocytes momo otinga wai, e arata'i ki to ratou na'ina'iraa. Ki te reira he momo pēhanga iti, e te whakanui ake ratou. I roto i tenei take, kia ara pakaru te pūtau toto whero. Kei te tuku i tēnei tukanga ki te hemolysis rite osmotic. he kino ki te tangata te kore o ngā pūtau toto whero.

momo pēhanga Oncotic

Ko nga pūmua reo colloidal hoki e taea ki te hanga ake te pēhanga, na he mea nui ki te mohio te hanganga matū o hematology. E whakaaro āhuatanga Physico-matū o te toto, me ngā paearu rerekētanga pēhanga oncotic.

Ko te pūmua roto i te wē, ko reira uaua ki te hinga i te oko capillary kikokore. pēhanga Oncotic taea wai ki te whakaemi i te toto. Ko reira e tika ana te nuinga ki te albumin. Ratou tokomaha i roto i te wē rawa.

Ki te ko te maha o albumin i roto i te wē mo etahi take iti rawa, timata i te kikokiko ki te pupuhi. Na roto i te whakanui ake i te tukanga kukū taui te. he nui nui o te wai puritia i roto i te pūnaha circulatory. Kei te hoki ongo'i e tangata maumaui o tenei tohu.

pūmautanga colloidal

pūmautanga colloid kitea nei i roto i te wē, ngā ano i roto i te āhuatanga physicochemical o toto. Whaiaroaro o te tukanga e whakaratohia ana e Hydration o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua.

I o ratou katote anga hakari paninga rua hiko. Ua riro raua na te pūmanawa mata pera-ka karanga. kia hoki kia meinga te reira na roto i te retireti, e e wahi i runga i te mata matūriki. Kei te kawea te reira i roto i roto i te otinga. mahia ana tēnei tukanga i te utu ōrite i runga i te papa i roto i nei e fakalili'a te matūriki.

Taua tukanga whakatau i te pūmautanga o rongoā colloidal, te ārai i te hanganga o tautau. Ko te teitei te pūmanawa, te kaha e nekehia atu nga matūriki pūmua i ia atu.

i huaina Waeine o te pūmautanga o tenei otinga te pūmanawa Zeta. No te mea o te taumata wē matua o pūmua katoa he albumin, Tei pūmautanga colloid te nuinga ki runga ki a ratou.

kounga whakatārewatanga

Exploring te ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū o te toto, kia whakarongo ki te kounga o te whakatārewatanga. E hono ana ratou ki te pūmautanga o te pūmua i roto i te wē. tikanga whai ki te kia mau tonu i roto i te whakatārewatanga wae Pūkoro. Ngeniwhero auau parataiao (ESR) ko te āhuatanga paearu whakatārewatanga matua o toto.

kawea ana tēnei tukanga whakatauranga te i roto i te rōrahi pūmau o te toto. adsorbed albumin i runga i te mata o ngā pūtau toto whero. Atu atu ratou kohikohi, te pai ake ake kaha whakatārewatanga.

Ki te nui haere ngā taumata o globulins atu pūmua iu krupnomolekulyarnyh ranei, ka kia nui haere te ESR i te toto. āhuatanga whakatārewatanga i te wa ano iti. Ko te täkupu o tenei tohu mō te tangata, ko te 5-11 mm / h, i te wahine - 6-12 mm / h.

pokey toto

E ako ngā āhuatanga Physico-matū o te toto i roto i te horopaki o ona āhuatanga pokey. He nui e kore e iti iho i te tahi atu tohu ratou.

Pokey - te kaha o etahi o nga matūriki whanaunga ki te tahi atu ki te pato'ii te kaupapa e tika ana ki te waku inu. Tenei tukanga uaua o ngā taunekeneke i roto i te toto o te rāpoi ngota wai colloids i runga i te ringa kotahi, āhuatanga i hanga, me te wē - i runga i te tahi atu.

pokey wē mō tenei take e rerekē tino i taua o te taupū toto. Ka taea te whakaritea ratou ki te whakapai kanohi ki te wai. I roto i te wē i roto i tenei take, te pokey o 1.9-2.4 wa teitei, a i roto i te toto - 5 wā. Ki te te maha o whero ngā pūtau toto piki, he tipu maha o hematocrit, piki pokey.

Te whakanui ake i te pokey

He taea, me te Kaore e tohu nga āhuatanga physicochemical o toto ine. Pathophysiology tirohia tenei tukanga i roto i te matatini. I tua atu ki te hua i roto i ngā pūtau toto whero, e taea hoki e pā te reira i te huringa i roto i te wē. Ko te rahi te kukū reira o pūmua macromolecular, te taupū pokey teitei.

Ano, e tauturu whakaiti i te kounga toto whakatārewatanga tenei. Ki te hanga pūtau toto whero he tautau, me nga piki pokey.

Toto ko te hanganga heterogeneous. Tukupu pēhanga toto e taea ake i hoki tona pokey. Engari, he hekenga i roto i te pokey puta i raro i te mana o te pēhanga teitei. wehenga te hanga Pūnaha. Ki te taper nga tōiti ki 150 microns me iti, heke te pokey. Mai i tenei tawhā tei te mahi o te pūnaha Cardiovascular tangata.

taimaha motuhake

Huringa i roto i nga āhuatanga physicochemical o te toto pānga te mahi o ia pūnaha o te tinana. I raro i te mana e tika ana ki te pupuri me te tawhā pērā i mahara motuhake. Tei te reira i runga i te maha o ngā pūtau toto whero, me te pūtoto i roto i a ratou.

wē hanganga, veiveiua e whai wāhi nui. Ko te tohu ko te rahi o te toto i roto i te pakeke 1,05-1,06. I roto i te tangata, he teitei te maha o ngā pūtau toto whero, na te ahua kua paku nui ratou.

I raro i ngā tikanga o nui haere mate makuku i te tinana (hei tauira, i roto i te rangi wera, ruma stuffy), te taimaha o te piki toto motuhake. I roto i te wē, ko raro atu i taua o pūtau toto whero tenei ahua. Na reira, ka mate inu ko te hua i roto i te hematocrit. Hei kawe i te auau hoki ki noa, ka tukua te roro te tohu o te matewai. taea tēnei ki a koe kia ake mo te supply wai. Na reira, i runga i te ra wera e faarahi te reira i te hiahia mō ngā rahinga nui o te wai.

wē

tika hoki ngā āhuatanga Physico-matū o wē toto whakaaro taipitopito. Ngā mihi ki te pūmua i roto i roto i reira kawea te taonga i roto i te maha o ngā mahi.

Wē regulates pākia wai-tote, pupuritia kaha osmotic. He mea tino nui mō te āhua noa o te hauora. Nā ki te pēhanga oncotic whakarato reira te taumata e tika ana o te homeostasis. Nā āhuatanga pokey ki te tautoko hoki i te wē, coagulation, mahi tiaki.

whai wāhi ana tēnei taiao i roto i te tiaki i te taumata tika o te toenga waikawa-turanga. Wē waikawa amino ko te rāhui. homai toto ki te whakatau i to ratou mahi kaiora tenei. kawea te wē te hormones, waikawa ngakongako.

Ko te āhuatanga physicochemical o te toto, ka taea e tatou mahino tona faufaa mo te tinana. Te pupuri i nga āhuatanga katoa i te taumata e tika ana, ko te kī ki te hauora me te mahi tika o te pūnaha Cardiovascular katoa. Ahakoa ngā rerekētanga iti i roto i te mahi me ngā āhuatanga o te wē toto pā reira hauora tangata.

Hei tohu hiahia o te tinana ki te whakarongo ki o ratou ake pai. Ki te kei te ngaro tetahi wāhanga te tahi mea mo te mahi noa o te pūnaha circulatory, ka ite te tatū he tangata. I roto i te wā, pērā i te mea e tika ana ki te tono ki te hematologist.