Aituā cosmonauts: ingoa, haurongo

Ko te hītori o te hōpara ātea, kāore, he tonu o kahore anake te ara meteoric, engari he hinga e wehingia ana. astronauts mate, e kore tiu ranei missiles unexploded, ati poromu - ko ano hoki tenei katoa to matou kainga tupu, ka wareware e pā ana ki reira - ka horoia i te hītori o te hunga katoa e aau taruke ana ki te ora mo te whakaaro ki o te ahunga whakamua, te pūtaiao, me te heke mai pai. te reira e pā ana ki te toa hinga o te Space USSR tatou aparau i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Space i roto i te USSR

Tae noa te aroaro te rau tau spaceflight 20 te tahi mea tino fantastic. Otiia kua i roto i te 1903, hoatu mua Konstantin Tsiolkovsky te whakaaro o rere ki wāhi i runga i te tākirirangi. Mai taua taime ra hōtaka wāhi puta i roto i te puka i roto i nei e matau tatou i te reira i teie mahana.

I roto i te Soviet Union i 1933, e hāngai ana Keldysh Center Rangahau (RNII) mo te ako o te kōpana toko. A i roto i te tau 1946 i timata ia te mahi e pā ana ki tākirirangi.

Heoi, i mua i te tangata tuatahi hinga mahara o te whenua, a ka puta i roto i nga hanganga, ka tangohia e te reira i tetahi atu tau torutoru me tau. Kaua e wareware e pā ana ki te mau hape e utu nga ora o verifiers. Ko te tuatahi ko te mate cosmonauts. E ai ki te raraunga e pā ana, i reira e rima anake o ratou, tae atu Yuri Gagarin, e, i ata korero, kihai i mate i roto i te wāhi, me i muri i hoki mai ki te whenua. Otiia whakaae kaipōkai mate rite i roto i te whakamātautau me te mea he pailate hōia, e taea ki tatou hanga i taua ki te rārangi, me te aroaro konei.

Komarov

cosmonauts Soviet nei mate i roto i te wāhi, i hanga ki tetahi mea faito takoha ki te whanaketanga o to ratou whenua. Ko te tangata taua Vladimir Komarov - cosmonaut me kaipūkaha-kānara, nei i whakawhiwhia te taitara o Hero o te Soviet Union. Fanauhia i roto i te Moscow i 14 Paengawhāwhā 1927. Ko ia he mema o te tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te kaipuke wāhi ao, a ko te rangatira ona. Rua i roto i te wāhi.

I roto i te 1943, e whitu nga tau puta kaipōkai heke mai, a ka tomo te kura motuhake Air Force, e hiahia ana ki te ako i te tikanga o te kaiurungi. oti ia te reira i roto i 1945, a ka haere ki te ākonga o Sasovo Aviation te kura. A i roto i te taua tau i uru ia ki te Borisoglebsk Higher Military Aviation kura.

I muri i tu'ite i roto i te 1949, i haina Komarov i te Force Air, a meinga ana ia hei paerata. Kei tona wehenga i roto i Grozny. Here tutaki ia ki a Valentina, he kaiako kura e waiho tana wahine. Maoro, ka Vladimir he pairati matua, a i roto i 1959 puta ia i te Air Force Academy, a riro he tohatoha i roto i te Air Force Institute. Ko konei i whiriwhiria e ia mo te rōpū tuatahi o cosmonauts.

Flying i roto i te wāhi

Hei whakahoki i te pātai, me pehea i patua maha astronauts, me tuatahi ngā koe i te kaupapa rawa o rere.

Na, ka mau te rere tuatahi ki wāhi Komarova wahi i runga i te waka ātea "Voskhod" Oketopa 12, 1964. Ko te ope Maha tuatahi i roto i te ao: ngā ano te waka tākuta me Engineers. roa te rere 24 haora, a ka oti te taunga angitu.

ka tango te tuarua, me te whati whakamutunga te Komarova wahi i runga i te po i 23 ki te 24 Paengawhāwhā 1967. patua te cosmonaut i i te wa o te otinga o te whati; i roto i te kore te uri o te hekerangi matua i te mahi, a manehau pokohiwi e manawapa tika ki huringa taimaha o te pūrere. patua te kaipuke te whenua, me te pakaru ki mura. Heoi ka mate te mea o te aituā mate Vladimir Komarov. Ko ia mate te cosmonaut tuatahi. I roto i tona kororia, i whakaturia he tohu i roto i Nizhny Novgorod me te māhunga parahi i roto i Moscow.

Gagarin

Enei ko nga astronauts mate katoa i te aroaro o Gagarin, kia rite ki puna mōhiohio. Ko, i roto i te meka, ki tetahi anake kaipōkai mate Gagarin i te Soviet Union. Heoi, Gagarin ko te cosmonaut Soviet tino rongonui.

Yuri A., cosmonaut Soviet, i whanau i runga i Maehe 9, 1934. pau ia tona tamarikitanga i roto i te kainga o Kashino. haere ana ia ki te kura i roto i 1941, engari ko te kainga whakaekea e ngā hōia Tiamana, me rangahau i haukotia. A i roto i te SS utuafare Gagarin tū peia atu awheawhe rangatira ki te huarahi. Anake i roto i te 1943 i tukua te kainga, a ka tonu te ako o Yuri.

Na tomo Gagarin i 1951 i roto i Saratov kāreti, te wahi i timata ai ia ki te haere i te Club Aero. I te 1955 i tuhia e ia ki te ope, ka tonoa ki te kura Aviation. I muri i tu'ite, mahi ia i roto i te Force Air me i roto i 1959 rere e pā ana ki 265 haora. riro ia te taitara o te whakamätau hōia toru piha haapiiraa, me te paetukutuku o te rūtene.

rere Tuatahi me te mate

Aituā astronauts - i pai te mōhio o te mōrea e whai iwi, engari kākā kihai i mutu i te reira ratou. Na Gagarin, te tangata tuatahi i roto i te wāhi, a taruke ana ki te ora i mua i riro ia te kaipōkai.

Heoi, ki te tupono te riro i te tuatahi e kore ia i mahue. 12 i runga i April 1961, rere Gagarin i roto i te tākirirangi "Vostok" rererangi wāhi Baikonur. roa te rere 108 meneti ka mutu ki te taunga angitu e tata ana te pa o Engels (Saratov rohe). Na ko te ra hoki te whenua katoa i runga i te ra Cosmonautics, whakanuia nei te i tenei ra i tenei.

katoa hoki ko te rere tuatahi o te ao te hui maere, me te pairati, e mahia ana e ia, hohoro ka rongonui. Gagarin tae mai i te aniraa o neke atu i te toru tekau whenua. tohua te tau e whai ake nei i te taha o te pou-rere kaipōkai mō ngā mahi pāpori, me te tōrangapū kaha.

Otiia hohoro hoki i te faatere o te rererangi ko Gagarin. tahuri tenei whakatau i roto i ki te kia fakamamahi mo ia. A i roto i te 1968, Maehe 27, i patua ia i roto i te rere whakangungu i roto i te vahi pailati o te mig-15 UTI. He unknown tonu take o te aituā.

Otiia, i te astronauts nei mate ka kore e wareware e ratou whenua. I te ra o te mate o Gagarin i te whenua i te tangi. A muri i roto i te whenua rerekē kua whakapumautia matou he maha o urupa ki te cosmonaut tuatahi.

Volkov

Vladislav Nikolaevich Volkov - cosmonaut Soviet. Fanauhia i roto i te Moscow i 1935, i runga i te 23 o Noema.

puta kaipōkai Future i te tau kura Moscow 201 i roto i te 1953, i muri i nei tomo e ia te Moscow Aviation Institute, a riro makehe kaipūkaha electromechanical i tiaki o tākirirangi. haere ana ia ki te mahi i roto i te CB Kuini me tauturu i roto i te hanga o te hangarau wāhi. I te wa ano tīmata ia ki te haere kaiurungi hākinakina akoranga e rere karapu i Kolomna.

I roto i te 1966, ka Volkov he mema o te corps cosmonaut, a muri i hanga e toru nga tau i tona rere tuatahi i runga i "Soyuz-7" i roto i te tūranga o te mataaro rere. roa te rere 4 ra, 22 haora, me te 40 meneti. I 1971, i reira ko he rere tuarua, me te whakamutunga Volkova, i roto i nei mahi ai ia hei kaipūkaha. Haunga Vladislav Nikolaevich ngā te kapa Patsaev ko Dobrovolsky, e aparau i tatou i raro. A, no te ta'uma puta depressurization te kaipuke, a ka mate kaiuru rere katoa. nehutanga, cosmonauts mate i me o ratou pungarehu whakanohoia i roto i te taiepa Kremlin.

Dobrowolski

whanau Georgiy Timofeevich Dobrovolsky, o nei tatou i whakahuatia kua, i roto i Odessa i 1928, i runga i te 1 Pipiri. Te pairati, kaipōkai me Air Force kānara, i te Rīpeka te Hero taitara o te Soviet Union.

I roto i te pakanga ko ia i runga i te rohe noho o nga mana Romanian a i hopukina mō te kainga o patu. Hoki te hara i whiua e ia ki te 25 tau i roto i te whare herehere, engari whakahaere nga kāinga ki te hoko i. A, i muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua Georgy Dobrovolsky tomo te Odessa kura Air Force. I taua taime e kore ia i mohio he aha te whakarau tiai maira ia. Heoi, astronauts, ngaro i roto i te wāhi, me te kaiurungi, i roto i mua no te faaineine no te mate.

I roto i te tau 1948 ko Dobrowolski he ākonga i te kura hōia o Chuguev, a muri timata rua tau ki te mahi i roto i te Soviet Air Force. I roto i te mahi, i puta ia i te Academy o te Force Air. A i roto i te 1963 ka e ia he mema o te corps cosmonaut.

Tona rere mua, o muri timata Pipiri 6, 1971 poari i runga i te "Soyuz-11" i roto i te tūranga o te rangatira. Kua tae mai nga astronauts te wāhi "Solutia-1" teihana, i reira pau ratou i te wahi o te rangahau. Otiia i te wa o te hokinga mai ki te whenua ka mau a reira wahi, rite kua whakahuatia i runga ake, te depressurization.

mana raua moe tahi me utu

e kore e toa anake o te whenua, e hoatu tona ora mo ia, engari te tangata o nga tama, tane, me matua astronauts mate. I muri i te matenga o Georgy Dobrovolsky pani ana tamahine tokorua, Marina (1960 p.) A Natalia (1967 p.). Kotahi maui me te pouaru o te hero, Lyudmila Stebleva, kaiako kura tiketike. A, ki te whakahaere koe ki te mahara i te tamahine matamua o tona papa, te whakaotinga, e ko tau 4 anake tau i te wa o te tiango o te capsule e kore e mohio te reira.

I tua atu ki te Hero taitara o te Soviet Union Dobrovolsky i whakawhiwhia e ia te Order o Lenin (murimatetia), "Gold Star" mētara "hoki Ratonga i Battle". I tua atu, ko te ingoa o te tau cosmonaut ao i te ingoa 1789, whakatuwheratia i 1977, i te rua me te rangahau kaipuke kaupeka.

Ano hoki i runga i tenei ra, mai 1972, i reira te mea he iho ki te tākaro Dobrovolsky Cup, kua whakawhiwhia nei mo te peke pai i runga i te papa hūpekepeke.

Patsaev

Na e tonu ki te whakahoki i te pātai, e hia astronauts patua i roto i te wāhi, neke tatou ki runga ki ki te muri Hero fakamāmaní Union. Viktor Ivanovich Patsaev whanau i roto i Aktobe (katatānga) i roto i te 1933, i runga i 19 Pipiri. Kei te mohiotia te reira i te tangata, kua meinga e cosmonaut tuatahi o te ao, e mahi i waho te kōhauhau o te whenua. mate tahi ia ki a Dobrovolsky ka whakahuatia i runga ake Volkov.

hinga papa o Victor i runga i te kauhanga riri i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Na ko te hapu i muri i te whawhai, i takoha ki te neke ki te rohe Kaliningrad, haere wahi te cosmonaut tuatahi ake nei ki te kura. Ka rite ki tuhituhia i roto i te pukapuka o tona tuahine, ka te wāhi Victor hiahia kē - ka e ia mau o "Journey ki te Marama" e K. Tsiolkovsky.

I roto i te 1950 tae Patsaev i Penza Industrial Institute, e puta, a ka kua tonoa ki te Observatory runga-rangi Central. Here, e ia wahi i roto i te hanga o tākirirangi METEOROLOGICAL.

A i roto i te 1958, whakawhiti Viktor Ivanovich ki CB Kuini, i roto i te tari hoahoa. Ko reira konei e tutaki te hinga Soviet cosmonauts (Volkov, Dobrovolsky ko Patsaev). Heoi, ka kia hanga e te cosmonaut anake i roto i te 10 tau, i roto i nei e Patsaev rarangi. e toru nga tau ka muri tona whakangungu. Kia aroha mai, mutu te misioni kaipōkai tuatahi i roto i te ati, me te mate o te kaumoana katoa.

Kia pehea te maha astronauts patua i roto i te wāhi?

e kore e taea e tenei pātai hoatu he whakahoki unambiguous. Ko te take i etahi o te mōhiohio i runga i te misioni wāhi noho whakarōpūtia ki tenei ra. He he rota o ngā whakapae me tautohetohe, engari taunakitanga raima kia tawhiti kahore tetahi he.

Ka rite ki ki te raraunga e pā ana, te maha o ngā matenga o cosmonauts me astronauts o whenua katoa ko e pā ana ki 170 iwi. Ko te pai mohiotia o ratou, o te akoranga, ngā māngai o te Soviet Union me te United States. I roto i te whakamutunga, ko reira utu te whakahua Francis Richard, Michael Smith, Dzhudit Reznik (tetahi o nga astronauts wahine tuatahi), Ronald McNair.

atu mate

Ki te hiahia i roto i te astronauts Russia mate koe, i te kau e kore ratou e te tīariari. I kore wa mai te tiango o te Soviet Union me te hanganga o Russia rite te āhua motuhake kihai i korerotia te take kotahi o te tiango o te waka ātea, me te mate o tona tāngata.

I roto i tenei tuhinga, korero matou e pā ana ki te hunga e mate tika i roto i te wāhi, engari e kore e taea e tatou e te tau'a ore i te hunga astronauts kihai i nei i te whai wāhi ki te tango atu. mau mate ratou ara i runga i te whenua.

ko Valentin Vasilevich Bondarenko, ko wai i roto i te rōpū o te cosmonauts tuatahi, ka mate i roto i te whakangungu tenei. I roto i tona noho i roto i te sudobarokamere i reira i te kaipōkai ki kia anake hoki e pā ana ki 10 nga ra, i hanga e ia he hape. pūrongo pūoko herenga te mahi faufaa o ratou tinana, a pania ki wūru miro waiwaitia i roto i te waipiro, me te ka maka i te reira. hit Cotton pōro te pōkai hiko whero-wera, meinga he ahi. A, no te he tuwhera te kāmera, ko te vavā ano ora, engari i muri i 8:00 i mate i te hōhipera o Botkin. Aituā astronauts te aroaro o Gagarin, reira, ngā i roto i tona mema kotahi atu tangata.

Heoi, ka noho Bondarenko i te mahara o te whakatupuranga heke mai me ētahi atu astronauts mate.