Ariā oraraa totiare Contemporary

Sociology rite te pūtaiao ka anga ki te whakawhanake i roto i te rau tau 19 i roto i te mahi o te pūtaiao French Auguste Comte. Ko te kaiwhakarewa o te pāpori Auguste Comte kī tuatahi te hiahia ki te waihanga i tētahi pūtaiao o te hapori. Ko ia te kaiwhakaū o te aronga positivist.

Ngā wāhanga o Development Sociology

   Raruraru e pā ana ki te tikanga pāpori, whakaaro Platon ko Aristotle i Greece tahito, T. Moore, Francis Bacon ko Machiavelli i te Renaissance, Thomas Hobbes, Hoani. Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu i nga wa hou.

I roto i te rau tau 19, ka tīmata pāpori ki te whakawhanake kaha. He mahi a Herbert Spencer, Comte, Marx, Engels. Ka taea te huaina tenei wa te wāhanga tuatahi o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao pāpori (1840-1880 gg.).

Ko te wāhanga tuarua (1890-1920 gg.), Te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao o te hapori kua e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o ngā tikanga o oraraa totiare tātaritanga me te whanaketanga o te taputapu categorical. tonu haputanga Positivist o Herbert Spencer ko Auguste Comte ki te whakawhanake i roto i te mahi o te pūtaiao French Emile Durkheim, te kaituhi o te ariā, e hāngai ana i runga i te tātari mahi o ngā pūtahi pāpori. Huri noa tenei wa, haamata te reira ki te hanga i te kura pūtaiao o Max Weber, te kaiwhakarewa o te "mahara" pāpori, e, i roto i tona tirohanga, me matau mahi pāpori, me te ngana ki te whakamārama i tona whanaketanga me hua.

Ko te wāhanga tuatoru (1920 ki te 1960) te āhuatanga e te timatanga o te whanaketanga kaha o te pāpori i roto i te United States, me tona wāhanga wheako. Ko te tino nui i tenei wā ko te ariā o Talcott Parsons, e taea ki tatou tohu hapori rite te ahua o te hanganga mahi hihiri. Kua hanga Charles Mills te pera-ka karanga "pāpori hou", i hoatu e te whanaketanga o te pāpori o te mahi, me te arohaehae.

. Tuawha te atamira i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao, i timata i roto i 1960, māngai he whānui o ngā huarahi, ngā ariā, he maha o kaituhi momo: Robert Merton ariā, ethnomethodology H. Garfinkel, te ariā o te interactionism taipe G. Mead ko G. Bloomer, pakanga ariā me te encoder ētahi atu.

Oraraa totiare Contemporary Theory

Ko te tuatahi ki te tono tātari hanganga-functionalist ki te ako o te hapori, ko A. Radcliffe-Brown. tirohia e ia hapori rite te ahua o te superorganism e kua te tikanga e tika ana katoa mo te oraraa o te mea, i roto i te meka, i reira he pūtahi pāpori. ka mea a B. Malinowski te ariā o te mahi, me te tono huarahi functionalist ki te ako o te ahurea. whakaaro Parsons te te kaiwhakarewa o te ariā pūnaha-mahi. Reira atu whakawhanakehia te R. Merton, e whakaurua te ariā o ariā taumata-waenganui.

ngā ano Contemporary ariā oraraa totiare i te ariā o te interactionism tohu, e whakawhanake J. G. Mead me Charles Cooley. whakapono tuakiri te Charles Cooley, ko te hua o te kōrero. Personality tangata riro mā te taunekeneke (taunekeneke) i waenganui i takitahi. fokotu'u J. G. Mead te whakaaro e me hanga e mahi takitahi, me te pāpori ki te awhina o pūāhua riro e mau taata i roto i te tukanga o te whakawhanaunga.

e kore e taea te whakaaro ariā oraraa totiare Modern tenei ra i waho i te pāpori A. phenomenological Schyutsa, e ta e te tīariari tika te ari i roto i te hinengaro, me te kore e pā ana ki whakatau arorau. ka mohiotia P. Berger me T. Lukman mo tona mahi i runga i te hanga pāpori o mooni. E Pita Berger me hapori Thomas Luckmann taea te tīariari te wā kotahi rite mooni whāinga, me te tuakiri.

Ārahi māngai o neo-Marxism ko Adorno, Marcuse, Habermas, Erich Fromm. Marxists parau tumu huarahi taketake: fafauraa ki humanism, positivism, me tona whakakāhoretanga o uara ngā me ngā meka, te whakaoranga o te takitahi i te momo tino kanorau o te faaohiparaa i.

Bourdieu, te kaiwhakarewa o te structuralism kiko, ngana ki te karo i te aroraa o te pāpori ariā, me te hōhonu.

Ko te taketake ariā oraraa totiare hou enei.