Besfundamentnye Automobile pauna: momo, whakaahuatanga, ngā āhuatanga

E whakamahia unahi taraka te wahi e kawea pikaunga, a tangohia ki pūkete i roto i te ahumahi me te ahuwhenua, i roto i warehouses, tikanga me ä transportation nui. Ko te tino rongonui tenei ra ko nga pauna hiko automotive, he nui ki runga ake i o ratou ritenga mīhini ine tika. Ka taea te oti i te toenga pūrere whakaatu taimaha taumata o whīwhiwhi i ohie ki tohu hiko matatini whakawhitihia whakaaro ngā i roto i te whatunga.

unahi taraka

He aha te mea te unahi taraka? He whakaaro e tukua ki a koe paunatia te kawenga ki te kia kawea e ara, kahore tangotango i te reira i te wa ano enei. I tua atu, te mana unahi te whakamahi i taraka kawenga i runga i te roadbed.

Na roto i te hoahoa, i reira he unahi taraka, pūhara, he pera tonu me te rōnaki. Papa rōnaki, Heoi, hoki kia rite rawa ki tüäpapa o rerekē te rahi o. E tika ana hoki Nuiōrau ara te taumaha waka utaina taua rori unahi (80 ton, 100 ton 120 ton, hei tauira ranei).

rite rawa unahi he pera tonu ki pūhara whakarewa tāuta i te taumata whenua. I te taua unahi he watea ki te karanga, ki te parepare i roto i te turanga taimaha, me te haere tahi i te reira.

Ka taea te rawa unahi Pūhara taraka ki te tūāpapa o te te raima whakapakaritia, arā, o te maha kōwae.

Methods mō te tāuta pauna automotive

Na roto i te ara o te tāutanga he nunui:

E tāuta 1. Automobile pauna pahoho i runga i te turanga raima ki te onepu-kirikiri urunga. whakaritea Tīpakonga turanga kawenga me te roa mōrahi pauna. Tirohia ki runga ki a ratou he taea i runga i te raima rino ranei rōnaki.

2. besfundamentnye tauine motokā - whakaaro pūkoro, e kua whakanohoia ki runga ki te mau api ara. Ko te taea tenei tikanga o te whakapanga mo momo katoa o unahi, here tīariari anake mo etahi rohe huarere motuhake me ngā momo oneone.

eke 3. Nini i runga i te pauna ara turanga turanga Nini ki te mata ara. Ki tenei tikanga o te tāutanga kore e hiahia haupuria me huapae taha, engari me tika kia he pūnaha waikeri.

Ka pikitia e 4. tītī Kawe e tāpae tika hoahoa ohie, me te rahi iti i runga i te papa kohatu whenua mārō ranei.

unahi besfundamentnye

unahi taraka, e kore e nei hiahia te turanga tū,, e whakaaro nei te tino rongonui. E tāuta ana ratou, te tikanga i roto i ngā wāhanga o ngā mahi tau rangitahi ranei ki iti waka utanga.

Fele besfundamentnye rut ranei ētahi wā ka karangatia e unahi arā, o te maha kōwae, e he ngāwari ki te kawe kaipuke mā te warou, a eke kahore kakano ia.

Kua eke nga kōwae i runga i te anga whakarewa motuhake. Kei te eke te anga, te nuinga i runga i poupou raima, rite nei te i raro i āta pakaru tahae o te ranunga gipsopeschanoy (GPS) ranei.

Hoki urunga me te uri o nga puke motokā e whakaratohia.

Ko te kawenga i runga i te pauna taraka (60 toni, me 80 taranata o te noa tino) kia ti'aturi i runga i te hanganga pūrere i te 20 ki te 100 m.

Rōnaki besfundamentnye pauna

whakamahia nga unahi taraka e rua ngā momo o rōnaki. Ka rite ki te tikanga, taputapu ngā wha whakaaro whakarewa e kua piri ki nga kōwae mutunga i raro i te ara motokā.

He rerekē iti he rōnaki nuinga. E te kōwae mutunga mo te taenga waka whakaarahia te puranga o te puehu me te GPS, i whakatakotoria te papa ara, raima uku ranei. Tei runga i te tikanga me te roanga o te mahi o taua pūrere, kia waiho ai iti me te ake watea ki te hanganga whakarewa.

Hua besfundamentnye pauna

I teie mahana besfundamentnye Tauine tono i roto i te mākete. Na ko mārama tenei. Tuatahi, tiaki wa tāutanga, i muri i ringihia te turanga me wiki ki te tatari noa whakapakeketia reira, ehara i te mea e tika ana. Ka taea te tāuta Besfundamentnye hua i roto i te kotahi e rua ranei nga ra.

Tuarua, Ka pikitia e taraka besfundamentnye, he tino raro te utu o nei atu ritenga tāuta i runga i te turanga, e rapu ana hoki iti whakapaunga mo te tāutanga, rite reira he kore utu mō ngā rauemi me te mahi mō te ringihia te turanga raima.

A toru, he pūkoro ratou. He ngāwari ki te huihui me te wetewete, ki waka i wahi ki te tuu i waho te whakamahi i ngā taputapu utu motuhake ki te tika ratou.

Na reira ko tetahi painga e titore besfundamentnye unahi. kia nui haere Automobile whakaaro whanganga hoki te taimaha taraka tereina o te roa ranei e tika ana ki te tāpiritanga uta tüäpapa o kōwae atu. roa o te tūāpapa e taea e 6 rānei m, me 24 m.

tikanga te hanganga rōpū roa te hoki tereina kotahi tukutahi. Hoki taua take te unahi taraka, 100 toni o e kore ko te rohe runga.

Huakore besfundamentnye pauna

Ko te rerekētanga matua o tenei hoahoa - ko reira he tāutanga auau o te mana mo e hiahia ana koe ki te whakamahi i te taumata.

Kei te kore e taea e te mau papaa parau etaeta eke riro te reira fakakehei. tura'ii te tenei e kore anake te tika iti, engari ano hoki i te kore oti o te gauges riaka.

Tikanga, whakarato te hanganga tautoko anga mō kōpuku whakatikatika pūoko motuhake ki te tohu noho tonu pūhara teitei uta tomu'a i roto i te take o paraharaha huringa tūranga iti (sagging warping ranei). I muri i ia whakatikatika kia kawea i roto i manatoko faahiahia o unahi taraka. A mai me tika kia kawea i tenei tikanga i roto i na mana tūmatanui o te mahi metrological, i runga ki te paerewa kāwanatanga, tura'ii te reira utu atu.

Āhuatanga matua

Te kōwhiri i unahi taraka, tuatahi o te katoa e whakarongo ki te kaha taimaha. Ia tuku poto ki rite "ngā pākete" tikanga te papatipu mōrahi e taea te tauine motuhake whanganga. He pai ki te whiriwhiri i te pauna ki te taha o 10-20 taranata o ara kaha. Hei tauira, ki te te papatipu o te motokā ki te utanga te nuinga o 65-70 m, te aravihi, e kia whai i te motokā unahi - 80 taranata.

whakaaro tētahi atu tohu nui ko te ngā taimaha iti. Ko reira utu kore katoa whakarongo, a i roto i te noa. I roto i tetahi take, kia waiho ai iti iho i te ki kia paunatia te papatipu o te māmā o te waka kau.

Ko te take nui te toru ko te hapa inenga, e tei runga i te LEL me te wā tauine whakaū.

Whakatika ki te whakatau i te uara tūturu o āhuatanga waka metrological. Ka taea e te pauna e waho ranei hanga-i roto i te pauna whakatika, ki te whakatika aunoa.

Wae me te rahi o unahi taraka

A, no te me whakaaro te kōwhiri i te pauna taimaha aratau (pateko neke ranei) me ngā āhuatanga hoahoa.

Motokā toenga mo te tūāpapa taimaha pateko he turanga nui nui, i te hihiri taimaha e kawea atu, te tikanga i roto i rua kōwae kaitautoko taimaha.

Hei whakatau i te papatipu o waka utanga o ngā rahi rerekē, o te akoranga, ngā hiahia me ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te tūāpapa. Hei tauira, e taea te paunatia Zil, KamAz hau ranei ki te tinana i runga i te tauine 6 m te roa, taimaha MAZ - roa o 8-12 m, taraka, me waka ki te tauaru -. 18 m mō taraka e mau ana te kaha, e me whai i te ara toenga - 100 tana roa - 24 m.

kia pereti Utaina o whakarewa raima ranei. Kei te hangaia te kōwhiringa tuatahi mō te kōhatu, me te raima hua te tipu, he ao te tuarua.

Ka rite ki nga whakaaro kawenga taimaha whakawhitihia e whakamahia rānei hiko ranei manga gauges, pūrere momo whāka-Fork ranei. He mea tino nui ki te whakarongo ki te te tiaki i te pūoko i rua wai me te puehu, me i NANAKIA. E rite rawa unahi taraka Modern ki ngā kamupene katoa e taea ai e koe te aukati i te taimaha haehaea, me e rite rawa ano ki te atanga e taea ki te hono ki te whatunga rorohiko.

Whakahaere pauna paerewa haumaru ranei whakarato whakarei limiters lateral e tiaki ki putanga kōpeka o te tūāpapa.

Tīpakonga kaiwhakarato

Ka tautuhi i te tawhā me ngā āhuatanga, e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki nui e pā ana ki te kōwhiringa o te kaiwhakarato. Tuatahi, rerekē kaiwhakanao ki unahi faitatau hanganga waho whakahere ngā tauira. Best o katoa, ki te te hōkai o te tuku ko te pūmanawa, wae hiko, tae atu ki ngā taura.

Me tohu te tuhinga ki te tohu o tikanga tiaki, me te pāmahana mo te mahi o te taputapu.

Ko reira e minaminatia e kore e tukua te kaiwhakarato anake te taputapu ine, engari ano ki te Maunga reira, a muri mo te ora o te waea me kia mahi, me te hanga.

Āhuatanga ekeeke besfundamentnye pauna

Ko te tuhinga i runga i te pauna taraka tohu nga tūtohutanga e tika ana mo te tāutanga o papa paraharaha, ara kia rite ki te turanga i raro i te anga. Ka taea e Tāuta besfundamentnye motokā tauine kia i runga i te mau api, e kua tāpae i runga i nga rori kirikiri paru ranei, a ki runga ki rawa rite mua.

Kōwhiringa me Utu

hōkai Basic o te tuku te nuinga ngā:

• he pūrere taimaha i te mea he huinga o unahi tūāpapa kōwae utanga;
• besfundamentnye anga mō te tāutanga;
• peia-whakarewa rōnaki;
• mutu i runga i nga displacements wä roa me te hake;
• taimaha pūtau uta, oti ki te tautoko;
  
• pūtahuri taimaha;
• hononga, kïia e, no te tūhono taura ki tō rorohiko;
• āhuatanga pickoff ōrite poraka;
• wae whakaminenga me wahi;
• pūmanawa;
• uruwhenua i runga i te tauine, ngā tohutohu whakahaere, ā-a kaiwhakamahi, kāri pūtāhui;
• he mahi hanga angamaheni.

besfundamentnye unahi taraka rerekē (te utu, ko te, o te akoranga, rerekē hoki) i roto i te hoahoa, te rahi me te whirihoranga.

Hei tauira, he unahi ia besfundamentnye tüäpapa nei roa - 5.9 m, kaha o 30 t, te mōrahi tiaki i pūoko puehu waenganui piha tika he inenga i 400 mano taraka pikitia e 60-ton kaha aranga o te tūāpapa ki te roa o 12 m - 680 tysyach nui ka tātai i te 100 toni ki te roa o te tūāpapa 24 m - 1.2 miriona.

Hei whakaaro mo te utanga kotahi ko te kaupapa matua. I teie mahana, whakahere kaiwhakanao he momo o kōwhiringa o unahi taraka mo te whānui o ngā tono i roto i te mara ngā o te ahumahi me te ahuwhenua, i roto i ngā kāwai utu rerekē ngā.