Charles Sanders Peirce - te kaiwhakarewa o pragmatism me semiotics: he haurongo, mahi nui

Charles Sanders Peirce - American philosopho, tangata tohe, mathematician, me pūtaiao, e kua karangatia e etahi "te papa o te pragmatism". riro ia tona mātauranga rite te kēmihi, a mahi rite te pūtaiao hoki i runga i te 30 tau. Kei te mauruuru reira mo tona takoha ki arorau, te pāngarau, rapunga whakaaro me semiotics. Hoki rongonui pūtaiao American kua hoatu e mua nga tikanga matua o te taumauri o nāianei - pragmatism.

āhukahuka

Charlz Pirs - ko te hou i roto i te pāngarau, tauanga, rapunga whakaaro, me te tahi mau tikanga rangahau o te ngā ihi. whakaaro Pierce ia tangata tohe tuatahi, me te tuatahi. hanga e ia he takoha nui ki tenei pūtaiao. I te wa ano, ka uakina e reira te arorau o te ara mō ngā āhuatanga hou, me te whakatau. ka kite ia arorau rite te peka ōkawa o semiotics, ko te kaiwhakarewa o nei. I tua atu, tautuhi Charlz Pirs te ariā o te whakaaroaro ana abductive, me te te whakaurutanga pāngarau tino whakatakoto me te whakaaroaro ana deductive. Kua i roto i 1886 ka kite ia i e taea te kawea ngā mahi arorau i e iahiko whakawhitinga hiko. whakamahia te taua whakaaro i te tekau tau i muri mai mo te hanga o rorohiko mamati.

He aha te mea pragmatism?

Pragmatism - he au taumauri e timata i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i roto i te tau 1870. whakaaro Pragmatism e hi'o nei rite te taputapu matakite me te raruraru-hopanga, me te mahi, me whakakahore ano hoki te whakaaro e te mahi whakaaro tangata e pā ana ki metaphysics me taua mea waitara rite mooni whakarara me te pānga o teitei whakarau ite. Pragmatists tautohe e pono ko anake te mea e homai hua whai hua mahi. whakaahua ana Pragmatism Charles Peirce "he ao huri", i te idealists, realists me Thomists (kau muimui o whakaaro Katorika) whakaaro "ao tonu." Pragmatism - Ko reira te rapunga whakaaro, e te mea tika ke ki ngā nganatanga katoa ki te whakamārama i te metaphysics me hira ake tetahi pono tetahi he aronga ki te whakaaro rangitahi i waenganui i te iwi i roto i te rohe ako.

He aha te mea semiotics?

Semiotics - te ako o te tikanga o kïia tukanga. Kei roto i tēnei te ako o tohu o ngā tukanga semiotic, ratou tohutohu tohua faitatau, faaauraa, whakarite aua, kupu whakarite me te tohu. Tenei ako e tūhura ana te pūtaiao o tohu me tohu hei wāhanga o te kōrero. I roto i te rerekē, wetereo, Kei te tūhura hoki semiotics pūnaha tohu kore-reo.

Semiotika Ahorangi Charles S. Peirce

Ko te semiotics o Charles Peirce tāutu te maha o ngā ariā matua (te ariā o tohu, ratou tikanga me te whanaungatanga tohu). mohio ia e kia kia tenei wāhi o te rangahau kotahi pūtaiao - semiotics. Na reira, kua tāutuhia Pierce te ariā taketake o semiotics, e tona whakarōpū:

• Tohu ata: whakairoiro tohu, e te tikanga he nui, me te whai i te mana pū noa. Ko tētahi tauira ko te tohu whakatūpato "tūpato: tamariki", e whakaatu ana i nga tamariki rere. ai tenei te tohu ara ki te whakaiti i te tere i runga i te ara, me te e whakatakotoria tata kura, kindergarten, wāhanga hākinakina teina (ranei toi), a na i runga i. D.
• Tohu taupū: te tikanga hoki te tikanga he ahanoa (mahi ranei) hono i te iti rawa te tawhiti i roto i te wa wāhi ranei. Ko tētahi tauira ko te pānui i runga i te rori, e hoatu i te mōhiohio haere e pā ana ki te ingoa, te aronga, me te tawhiti ki te kainga i muri. Ano, tohu ataata, e whakaatu, mo te tauira, koromingi - whakaaro he tohu-taupū, no te mea kua tuku ai ki te āhua aronganui tangata (i roto i tenei take - te riri).
• Tohu-tohu: te whakaaturia me signifier he pūāhua kotahi i raro i te poro o te tetahi iakawe (mai te reira i mua i ngā tikanga-). Ka taea e koe te kawe i roto i te tauira o te tohu huarahi e whakaatu te "hoho'a" te tapatoru. Te kawe i te tikanga tohu - te "hoatu ara", engari kahore ki te mahi ki te mahi whakahihiri tona ti'araa rawa he, no te mea te reira kōaro noa tapatoru. I raro i te poro taua taka tohu motu, kei hea he kōrero mo te katoa te ahanoa image. pea te tohu i nga kupu katoa o te reo i ngā, engari i roto i te rārangi o okotahi whiwhi kupu-peehia (pērā i "croak", "Meow", "pori", "kākara" me te rite).

Charlz Pirs: biography

Fanauhia i runga i Mahuru 10, 1839, te Cambridge (Massachusetts), te tama a te mathematician American rongonui, me te arorangi Pineamine Peirce. arahina Charles he ora faingamālie wawe: kihai mātua ki te ako me te whakaako ratou tamariki no te mea o te wehi ki te pehi i to ratou tangatatanga. I tua atu, huru mātauranga, me te hinengaro o te utuafare, e maha i tae mai e te rangatira tino wairua, me te nui, Pierce i kore tukua ki te tīpako i te rerekē i te ara pūtaiao. I roto i te manuhiri i maha mathematicians tino me pūtaiao, kaitito, rōia me kaitōrangapū. I roto i tenei taiao, i taea ki te mau tonu te tamahanahanaraa, me te moni taitamariki Charles Pierce.

Pierce ko te tuarua o rima tamaiti i roto i te utuafare. I ia wha teina pūmanawa nei e hoki wāhanga hono to ratou oraraa i te pūtaiao, me te tiketike-rangatira rangatira. Dzheyms Mills Peirce (tuakana) i aru tona papa ki a Harvard University, i reira ako ia pāngarau i roto i te hohonu.

Ko tētahi atu teina, Herbert Henry Pierce kua i, he mahi taiea i roto i te mahi ite o te Foreign Tāhuhu. Te teina, Pineamine Mills Peirce, ako engineering, a ko te angitu, engari mate ia taitamariki i roto i tenei rohe. teina taranata, rawa Charles, te nuinga e pā ana ki maramarama nui, me te mana o to ratou papa, kia rite ki te pai rite ki te huru ora-hinengaro whānui e karapotia ratou tonu.

Charlz Pirs: pukapuka, pepa pūtaiao

Kei te nuinga o hāngai te rongonui me te ingoa o Pierce i runga i tona maha o pepa pūtaiao whakaputaina i roto i te hautaka pūtaiao American. Ana i tuhituhi ai, me te kopikopiko i roto i te "American Academy o Toi me Sciences", i roto i te "National Academy o Sciences" i roto i te Journal o natulá Philosophy Popular Science Marama. E wehewehea mahi Scientific o Charles Sanders Peirce i roto i te pāngarau me te rapunga whakaaro ki e rua ngā wāhanga: whakaputaina i roto i tona oranga, me te i muri i tona matenga.

Books Pierce i roto i tona ora

• Ko te pukapuka "Te rangahau Ineaho" 1878. 181-whārangi pepa i runga i te whakamahi o ngā tikanga spectrographic o tātai arorangi.
• Ko te pukapuka "Studies i Logic i Johns Hopkins '1883. Kohinga o mahi pūtaiao o ngā raukura me kaiwhakaako, tae atu ia, Charles Pierce, i roto i te mara o te arorau.

tānga murimate matua

riro Harvard University i tana tuhinga maha wahine Pierce i muri tona matenga (1914). I roto i tona tari i kitea e pā ana ki 1650 tuhinga kāore anō i roto i te katoa o te 100 000 whārangi. anthology Tuatahi whakaputaina o tuhinga ko Pierce he pukapuka kotahi-rōrahi ui "Chance, aroha me Logic:. he tuhinga taumauri" Mahi tāruaruatia, ētita e Morris Raphael Cohen i 1923. I muri mai ka timata ki te puta me ētahi atu kua tāia e me tānga i nga i 1940, 1957, 1958, 1972, 1994 me te 2009.

Te nuinga o nga tuhinga kua kua oti whakaputaina Pierce, engari i reira e te tahi mau taime e kore e e mohio i te marama i te tuhinga takarepa.

• 1931-58: "He kohinga o ngā tuhinga e Charles Sanders Peirce" i roto i te 8 ngā pukapuka. Tenei ko katoa o tona mahi i roto i te wā i te tau 1860 ki te 1913. Heoi, ki te mahi tino whānui, me te hua timata i roto i 1893. I te tīmatanga, kihai i nga oko hanganga me rerekē i roto i te rahi, na e hiahiatia ana i te ētita i ki te ringa i runga i te momo tika. Mai i te tuatahi ki te ono o te rōrahi ētita e Charles Hartshorne, me te tuawhitu, me te waru - Arturom Burkom.
• 1975-87: "Charles Sanders Peirce: takoha ki te iwi" - 4 buka. He neke atu i te 300 arotake me ngā tuhinga Pierce, i i wāhanga whakaputaina i roto i tona ora i roto i te wā i te tau 1869 ki te 1908 tenei kohinga. Kohinga o pepa pūtaiao kua whakaputaina, ētita e Kenneth Lane koi ko Hemi Edvarda Kuka.
• 1976 - hakari: "Huānga New o Pāngarau o Charles S. Peirce" - 5 buka. Tenei e whakaputaina te hua tino mahi Pierce i roto i te pāngarau. Editorial - Kerolin Eyzele. Tūnga o te kaupapa e kore e matara tonu "i roto i te whanaketanga."
• 1977 - hakari: "Correspondence i waenganui Charles S. Peirce me Viktoriey Uelbi i 1903 ki te 1912-th."
• 1982 - hakari: "Folofolá o Charles S. Peirce - Fakahokohoko Edition". Ko te kaupapa tuatahi i te tānga i te 2010, engari tonu te mahi ki tenei ra. Tuatahi whakaputaina 6 rōrahi hipokina te ora o te pūtaiao i roto i te wā i 1859 ki te 1889.
• 1985 - hakari: "Ko te hītori o ngā tirohanga pūtaiao Pierce: hītori o pūtaiao" - 2 buka. Whakatika Kerolin Eyzele.
• 1992 - hakari: "Discourse i runga i te arorau o mea" - kauhau e Ahorangi Pier mō te 1898 th tau. Revision: Kenneth Lane Kinner kōrero Hilary Putnam.
• 1992-98: Essential Peirce - 2 buka. tauira nui o mahi taumauri Charles Pierce. Whakatika Nathan Hauser (rōrahi 1) ko Karaitiana Clausel (rōrahi 2).
• 1997 - hakari: "Pragmatism rite te parau tumu, me te tikanga o te whakaaro tika." Pierce Collection o kauhau i runga i Pragmatism i University Harvard i te puka o te pukapuka mātauranga poto. Editorial: Patricia Ann Turis.
• 2010 - hakari: "Te Philosophy o Pāngarau: Works tīpakohia." Motuhake, e kore mua whakaputaina, te mahi o Pierce i te parae o pāngarau. Revision: Metyu Mur.

Ko te takoha o te pūtaiao nui i roto i te pūtaiao

hanga Charles S. Peirce te raupapa o ngā āhuatanga maere i roto i te arorau ōkawa, pāngarau taketake. Ano, ko te aivanaa American ko te kaiwhakarewa o pragmatism me semiotics. Te nuinga o tona mahi pūtaiao i tino mauruuru noa i muri tona matenga. mate pūtaiao i runga i April 19 i roto i te 1914.