Iraruke rauemi: matū, ratou puna me te mōrea o

Mō te rau tau ki muri, kua tae mai te tangata i te wā ngā - te wā tuatahi te ako o te taiao, a ka te radiation horihori. I roto i te waenganui o te rau tau, i huaina ngota, i reira nga rua whanaketanga taha e:

• Tuatahi, ko reira te poma ngota o Hiroshima me Nagasaki;
• tuarua, ko te tuatahi tipu te mana karihi i roto i Obninsk whakatuwheratia i roto i te ao.

I roto i te take whakamutunga, kua meinga te pūngao haamou te tangata auaha. He aha i reira he rauemi iraruke? He aha te mea te taonga e taea meinga radiation?

He aha ngā matū e iraruke

Tuatahi ti'a ia tatou ki te mahino rite te mea Whakaröpütia matū rite iraruke. I roto i te pūnaha wā o Mendeleev ngā o 120 ngā tūemi. Ia o ratou titoa te o ngota, me ngota o ētahi o matū e taea hinga motu ke. tuku tenei radiation kino.

kanohi rauemi iraruke e nga āhuatanga matū katoa, whakarite i muri i te mata. Tapeke mohiotia hoki neke atu i te 80 ngā huānga iraruke mōrearea. Hei tauira, he konutuki, France, polonium, strontium, bismuth, germanium, caesium tenei. E kitea ētahi o ratou i roto i te natura. Etahi ko te mahi o te ringa tangata.

Ko te āhuatanga o ngā matū iratuki

Ko te ati o enei matū e tika ana ki te meka i he ratou, te tuatahi, me te tuatahi, he e kitea ki te kanohi tangata. E ratou kahore tae, reka kakara ranei. He tokomaha hoki nga tau i te tangata e taea e tata ana te puna iraruke ora, e kore e mohio ki tetahi mea e pā ana ki reira. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga kino o tenei piha haapiiraa o matū ko ratou kaha ki te haere tawhiti roa i to ratou pūtake. Heoi, e kore e ratou mimiti whakawhirinaki i runga i ngā āhuatanga taiao.

e kore e taea te whakakorea te ati karihi e te tikanga tinana ranei matū. kia matū iraruke i roto i te rangi, te oneone, te kai. Hei tauira, kua whakaaturia matou e te nuinga o nga radionuclides ngā huawhenua pērā i te kāpeti me beets.

huānga iraruke Natural

kia kia roto te rauemi iraruke i roto i te putunga kohuke i roto i ngā toka maha, e ai i roto i ngā āhuatanga iraruke i roto i te nui i homai. Hei tauira, ko nga wāhi hinu-whakaputa o Western Siberia enei. He he he nui nui o putunga konukarihi, me te hunga matū e ko ona hua rärangi - Radon, konutuki. Hoki, kia tomo te rauemi iraruke te taiao i roto i TPP TPP me e taea te mahi i runga i etahi momo o waro.

Rohe ki hihi iraruke tūturu

Tauira o nga wahi iratuki i runga i te whenua, te wahi i te radiation ko he ka puta noa, kia one Indian o Kerala, te kawanatanga Hainamana o Guangdong, kei hea te kanoirite i te oneone, me te tahi mau wāhanga o te rohe o Brazil. nui haere hoki pira radiation o toka āhuatanga o etahi rohe i roto i France, Ukraine ko Sweden.

E mea pinepine, rauemi karihi me matū iraruke roto i roto i ngā rauemi hanga. Tauira taea te mahi rite rauemi hanga pērā i kirikiri, konumohe, me phosphates. E tito ratou o moni nui o radionuclides, i te whakamahi i roto i te ahumahi hanga puta noa te poari. arata'i tenei ki te hua maha i roto i te horopeta o kama radiation i roto i ngā whare.

Ko te whakamahi o ngā rauemi iratuki i roto i te hanga: fifi e kitea

Kua take pērā tāutatia neke atu i te kotahi. Hei tauira, i roto i kaihanga Omsk maha whakamahia mō te whakakī raima o te wāhi keri i roto i te whare puehu Northern Kazakhstan. roto te reira i te nui teitei o konukarihi iraruke, hua i roto i ngā whare i ngā taumata tino teitei o te kama.

I whakatakotoria ano hoki te reira i ka nga rauemi hanga iraruke whakamahia mo te hanganga o ngā whare noho. I tuhia tēnei ofatiraa i roto i te rohe Yekaterinburg, i runga i Kostousova teihana. Hoki te hanga o turanga, raima, me ētahi atu momo o mutu, whakamahia kaimahi onepu kei roto thorium iraruke.

Kēhi pērā i enei, tuhia he huinga nui. I roto i te Katatānga, Trans-Baikal me maha atu ngā wāhi mō te dusting ara, papa tākaro, whatianga, whakamahia kaihanga hë tokahuke konukarihi. Tenei hua i roto i te hua nui o te mara radiation kino.

puna Artificial o ira

kia hoki kia rauemi iraruke he mea o te ringa tangata. He ngā puna e whakapokea te taiao ki te radionuclides:

1. Ko pahūtanga karihi e kua whakamahia i roto i te hanga te hinu.
2. Whakamātautau i runga i awhe hōia.
3. Enterprises o huringa wahie karihi.
4. Accidents i tipu te mana karihi.
5. Ano kei te whawhai he ati nui, e whakamahi pōma ngota me te anga.
6. Tikanga o matū iraruke.
7. whakamahi wairangi o ngā momo o ngā pūrere hangarau.

Transportation o matū iratuki

Transport o rauemi ira puta rite ki ture motuhake, e kua whakaaetia e te ture Federal "I te pūngao karihi." No te pakihi maha, ko ratou transportation he wāhi o ngā mahi katoa. i reira ko te pūnaha haumarutanga motuhake mo te waka o enei matū.

Wehewehe - Ko reira he taonga taua nei karihi i iramoe hopu tīmatanga hawhe. Noa tukua ratou tiango otaota, a ko te kupu pūngao te. He rauemi tauira fissile taea te mahi rite konukarihi-235, konukarihi-233, te konuwhiro-239, me etahi atu. E araia rauemi Fissile me ira mō te waka i roto i ngā tikanga. tikanga mana e wahi i te tikanga o te pehanga o kawe ratou puta noa i te rohe.