He aha matū i huaina aldehydes me ketones? Ko te whakamahi o aldehydes

Pūhui he i roto i tona hanganga, he rōpū carbonyl he aldehydes ketones ranei. herea ia te rōpū carbonyl aldehydes (RCOH) te ki te waiwaro tuwhena me kotahi ngota hauwai. Kore, ka taea e koe te mea e roto i enei matū rōpū hāparo-tahi (-COH), i roto i nei hono te pokapū carbonyl te ki te ngota hauwai. Ko te ketones (RCOR '), herea ia e rua Radicals waiwaro ki te rōpū carbonyl. mai te ingoa i te waikawa hāparo-tahi, i roto i nei te piti hāora e tahuri ratou, hei tauira, popokorua (formaldehyde), Ethyl (acetaldehyde), propionaldehyde, butyric, aldehydes valeric. E ai ki te ao nomenclature huaina aldehydes: hāparo-, propanal. Ingoa o te puka Radicals taitara ketone, ki nei e i tāpiritia mutu ketone. Hei tauira, dimethyl ketone (hauwaiwaro), methyl Ethyl ketone. mai Taitara ketone nomenclature ao i te tua o te pūwaro katinga kotahi, me te mata o te tāpiritanga o te rōpū carbonyl tohu he maha, hei tauira 2-propanone, 2-butanone. Whakamahi o aldehydes me ketones, e tika ana ki o ratou āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū.

He noa i roto i te matū waro Aldehydes. E hono maha kakara ki enei matū. Aldehydes i ngā āhuatanga e he rerekē, me te whakawhirinaki i runga i te whakatu tuwhena te rāpoi ngota. Māngai raro - hāparo-tahi formic - hau, muri - wai, he teitei totoka. Formaldehyde me acetaldehyde e tino pai wairewa i te wai, i te memehatanga o te tahi atu homologs heke ki te whakanui ake i taimaha rāpoi. aldehydes Formic me ahetiki whai he kakara titohea. Āhuatanga me te whakamahi o aldehydes tika ki te aroaro i roto i to ratou muingota te rōpū carbonyl.

E rua ngā mema o raro o tenei raupapa huirua i roto i te "whakamahi o aldehydes" ko te nui tino ki te uara ahumahi - he formaldehyde me acetaldehyde. whakaputaina Formaldehyde te i runga i te tauine nui, e pā ana ki 6 miriona. Taranata / tau. Kei te nuinga whakamahia te reira i roto i te hanga o resins. Rite e polycondensation o Urea , te kāpia tiomimi-formaldehyde hiahiatia mo te hanga o te muka me te korakora papa, pahuka i te tiomimi-formaldehyde, mō te hanga pepa kaha mākū paperboard ranei. Ko tētahi atu whakamahi nui o hāparo-tahi e hāngai ana i runga i te tauhohe o te formaldehyde ki phenol polycondensation. Ko te hua o te tukanga teriuma phenol formaldehyde (Bakelite) he rauemi kē, i te mea i roto i te tono i roto i te engineering mīhini, i roto i te hanga o ngā hua hiko auaha, i roto i te hanga o lacquers me adhesives. Rite i taka formaldehyde ho'oraa (formaldehyde otinga mohiotia rite formalin, Kei te whakamahia i roto i te rongoā), rapa waihanga, pahū me maha atu matū organic.

ko Acetaldehyde kotahi te hua mana, engari i raro production pukapuka, inaianei hua reira iti iho i te 1 miriona. Ton / tau. I mua, ko te whakamahi i acetaldehyde tuku iho rite rauemi raw mō te waikawameha ahetiki. heke tenei acetaldehyde tono i roto i nga tau tata nei, no te mea hua waikawameha ahetiki te atu pai i methanol (tukanga Monsanto me tukanga Cativa). Mai i te tirohanga o te tauhohe tōhau, acetaldehyde ko he rauemi raw nui mo nga pärönaki pyridine o pentaerythritol me crotonaldehyde. Me Acetaldehyde mo te hanga o kirihou (resins whai hua rite i te tiomimi, me te acetaldehyde).

He hoki Ētahi atu ngā mema o tenei raupapa huirua i tono i roto i te mākete. whakamahi arumoni o aldehydes te maha e whakamahia ratou rite rauemi raw mo te kōtuitui o waiwaihā OXO whakamahia i roto i te hanga o teretere. E whakaputaina ētahi aldehydes teitei i roto i ngā rahinga iti (iti iho i te 1000 taranata / tau), ka whakamahia rite te kai hā i roto i hinu. Ko ētahi o ēnei hinamona, me ona pärönaki, me lilial citral.