Ko te whakamahi o te hiko i roto i te ahumahi. whakamahi tōtika o te pūngao

hāngai ana te whakamahi economical o hiko i tenei ra i runga i te whakamahi o hangarau tōtika. I roto i ngā āhuatanga hou hei te take kua tino wā. Ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te hua i roto i te kaha o hinonga rerekē tenei. Next whakaaro he aha te tikanga i te whakamahi whai hua o te pūngao.

rautaki pakihi

A, no te whakawhanake mahere mō te wā roa-arotahi production katoa matua i runga i te utu utu, me te nui o te kaha kawenga. E rite nui i roto i te rautaki o te hinonga ko te wahi o haumi whakapaipai i roto i te ao hou, o te tau e haere mai ana. No te kaiwhakahaere maha he whakamahi kouma o te pūngao kei i te raro. Heoi, ko te ru o tenei raruraru hanga utu reira whakarongo. kia rite ki te mahere rautaki o tetahi mahi ao hou o te kaha hangarau, me te whakamahi pai o te pūngao. Kore, kia meinga ai he tāne i roto i te whakapaunga, e i roto i te tahuri, he mahi wehe ki te kore ki te whakatau ona whāinga i roto i ngā o te putanga.

Ko te whakamahi o te hiko i roto i te ahuwhenua

I teie mahana, rite tohunga mōhio, kei te kore kaha whakatinana te whakatinanatanga o mehua hinonga-whakaora. Te whakanui ake i te taumata o te tōtika o te supply mana i roto i te rāngai ahuwhenua - ko reira he mahi nui, me te matatini. he whanaunga tata tenei pātai ki te raruraru o te whakapai ake i te kounga, me te whakarei ake i te haumarutanga o te supply. utua ngā aro te ki tohunga tūtohu te whakaiti o te parekura mana me te whanaketanga o mehua mo tona whakamahi ukauka. Me tika kia whakaurua ēnei mahi me rongoā i roto i te mahere rautaki o tetahi mahi.

whakatutuki

Ka taea te hinga te ati pea o nui haere utu o te hinonga i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te mahere poua mo pūngao me te ao hou, hangarau o te hanga whakaurunga ki ngä tohu o te utu me te rōrahi o te putanga mohiotia. kia tango whakatinanatanga o te hōtaka ki te pūkete nga āhuatanga o te hua, te roanga o te oraraa o te kamupene o te.

taputapu tawhitotia

Ko te take tino nui mō te whakatinanatanga o whaihua hōtaka penapena kaimahi ki te whakawhanake i e whakakapia te mahere pai hoki whakahaeretia he wa roa tipu te mana. He tokomaha o ratou mahi i roto i hinonga mo runga i te 15 tau. taputapu tawhito, rawa āhuatanga kōhua e tiketike, mana nga Ropu tenei ra. Kua roa te raruraru whakahaeretia tāuta tino pōturi te whanaketanga o te ahumahi hou. e kore e mahi taputapu tawhitotia rapu haumi whakapaipai nui. Otiia e tika ana ki te kākahu me naianei roimata puta ia wā. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, arata'i ki te tukanga ahumahi ohie. Ka rite ki te hua, nui haere utu tiaki, hanga, me te whakakapinga o ngā wāhanga. I roto i tenei take, kua whakapono reira e roa haumi i roto i te ao hou, o te taua pūnaha ka whakaora i te moni kamupene. Heoi, ka rite ki whakaaturanga mahi, kia rite ki te hua o utu te kore anake e kore e iti, engari nui haere mārika i.

Ko te kupu whakataki o te kaupapa wā roa-

Tikanga, mahere e pā ana te whakamahi pai o te hiko, timata kia mohio ki te rite ki te hōtaka whānui mō te ao hou, o te taputapu katoa. Hanganga o te tikanga e tika ana mo te whakatinanatanga o taua kaupapa, ko te ka mārama te whakahaere o te kamupene o roto i te whakamahere, me te utu o ngā hua te taumata tūturu o te kohi o ngā rauemi. I roto i ngā, e te reira ki pūkete te whakamahi o te hiko. I roto i enei take, tamata whakahaere ki te kitea te ara tino tere-a iti rawa utu ki te whakaora. Tenei mahi mahi te taahiraa matamua i roto i te hōtaka rautaki te kamupene o. Ko te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa muri te tikanga tā mahi i runga i te maha o akina ana, te otinga o hou, ngā mahi matatini atu. I muri pa i te ngā whāinga hou ko hua e tika ana o te atamira tuatahi. whakarato rātou i te mana utu atu ngāwari me te whakahaere utu mo te whakamahi o te hiko. I muri i taua maheretia atu, ka whakatinana i te whakakapi taputapu tawhito ki atu hōtaka hou. E mea pinepine, titau tenei he haumi pūtea nui.

Ko te hiranga o tātaitanga

tutuki Energy tōtika te ki te kawea te ao hou, o te taputapu matua i roto i te kamupene i roto i tahi me te tātaritanga o te rōrahi me te arotautanga tono rauemi hinonga. He huānga tika o te hōtaka i roto i tenei take ko te tātaitanga o te take pūngao i roto i te utu o nga hua hangaia. Hoki ia rängai, ko reira rerekē. Ko te kupu, ko te wāhanga pūngao mō te ahumahi maitai - 40%, engineering aunoa - 20%, te hanga o te wai - 30%, me te pera i runga i. kia iti tenei ōwehenga. Heoi, i roto i tenei take, te whakamahi atamai o te hiko i roto i te ahumahi ki te whakawhanake i rōrahi production atu. I roto i tenei undersupply o ngā rauemi ka nui ake maha nga wa tona utu.

te whakamahi kouma o te Guide hiko

Ko te whāinga matua o te kamupene, e tohe ana ki te whakahou, te whakaiti i ururua rauemi tu i ngā taumata katoa o te pūnaha, me te i roto i ngā tipu. kawea tika whakatupuranga, tuku, me te whakamahi o te kaha hiko ki te whakarato tukanga uninterruptible te atu i roto i te maha ngā huarahi. Ko te hunga matua ko:

1. pūnaha hanga supply Optimal i roto i te hangaia anō. Tenei huarahi tā te whakamahi o:

- ngaohiko hautanga;

- te katoa maha o panoni;

- te wahi o te wāhi PS;

- te transformers tau me te mana i te teihanaroto;

- utu mana urupare;

- mana supply haaati, a na i runga i.

2. Tuhinga o te parekura i roto i te pūnaha ngā. Kei roto te reira i:

- Ngaohiko ture;

- te whakahaere me te mana o aratau mana kohi;

- whakaiti o tāhuna o farii;

- ao hou o te wā, me te whakamahi o atu hou, tōtika, me te pono taputapu hiko, me te tukanga;

- te whakamahi o te ara pai ki te whakahaere aratau whakahaere o ngā pūnaha ventilation me te köurarangi;

- Tāutanga o te mana aunoa o te rama i roto i te ra;

- te whakanui ake i te kounga mana ;

- tono o te aratau ikeiketanga o te mahi o transformers mana.

3. e fakafuofua o hiko, te whanaketanga o ngā paerewa e hāngai ana pūtaiao-no te kohi pūngao motuhake ia wae o te hanga. Hei whakatutuki i tenei whāinga me mahi i te kamupene he mana kotahi, me te pūnaha kaute.

4. te whārangi toenga, i runga ki nei te hanga, tuku, me te whakamahi o te hiko. whakawhanake ratou te tuatahi i te utanga takitahi me ngā waeine, neke āta ki te toa, a ka te katoa ki te hinonga katoa.

5. mehua Whakahaere, me te hangarau. kawea ratou whanaketanga i roto i tango ki pūkete te pau o te hinonga ngā.

mate o te ora

nga tautuhinga katoa e kua whakaurua i roto i te pūnaha supply, tae atu ki ngā transformers me ngā rārangi, rerekē parenga. Nō reira, ko te hanga me te whakamahi o te hiko i hanga i ona parekura. Ko te nuinga o ratou puta i roto i transformers me ngā rārangi. Kei te nuinga o tātai Practical kawea i roto i tango ki pūkete te parekura i roto i enei āhuatanga o te pūnaha. Parekura i roto i te kopiko hiko, he hautanga ki te tapawha o te nāianei kawenga e rerengia ana i roto i a ratou, e arata'i ki to ratou ingoa waea me taura - te kawenga. hoki e maha kīia ratou ki rite taurangi. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e te nuinga o taui te nāianei kawenga i runga i te wā tenei.

mehua whakahaere

Ki te whakanui ake i te whakamahi, me te hononga ki te whatunga o ngā whakaurunga hou, me te whakanui ake i te parekura. I te mana hiko e kawea tipu i roto i ngā tātai nahanaha. E ai ki o ratou hua, te mahi ngā mahi e whai wāhi ana ki te whakaiti i te parekura, ki te tika. Ko te hunga matua ngā:

• Whakatikatika i runga i nga pahi 10 kV me 0,38 kV teihanaroto paratarafa 10 / 0.4 teihanaroto kV tohatoha hiko 110 ... 35/10 kV tino arotau te taumata ngaohiko ranei.
• kawenga wāhanga Tīaroaro i runga i ngā whatunga ki te ngaohiko o 0,38 kV.
• Te tohu i te wāhanga whakatuwheratanga ikeiketanga o ngā rārangi rauata (rārangi rererangi) ki te ngaohiko o te 10 ... 35 Kw ki te mana iu-rua.
• Mono kotahi hiko i roto i te aratau kawenga teihanaroto rua-hiko iti, me i te teihanaroto ki kawenga kaupeka.
• Whakaititia te whakamahi o te hiko mo ratou ake te whakamahi PS.
• Ko te hekenga i roto i ngā o te tiaki me te hanga o switchgears, transformers me ngā rārangi.

mehua Hangarau

mehua whakahaere, me te tikanga ki te whakapai ake ngā pūnaha kaute te tikanga e kore e rapua e utu tīmatanga-ake nui. I roto i tenei hononga, ratou tika tonu ki te kawe i roto i. Ki te mahi hangarau taua ko ahua rerekē. E pā ana ratou ki haumi atu. I roto i te mehua hangarau matua kia ngā te whai ake:

• Tautuhi pūnga iahiko pateko, pākahiko, rite rawa ki te whakarerekētanga mana aunoa.
• Whakakapinga o overloaded ka underloaded transformers i roto i nga teihanaroto kiritaki.
• Tāutanga o taputapu RTP ki ngaohiko te whakarite i raro i kawenga.
• Whakakapinga o ngā rārangi overloaded o waea, tae atu ki ngā manga i ngā rārangi rauata ki te whare.
• whatunga Translation nui haere ngaohiko tauanga.

utu mana urupare

whakaaro tenei hui ko te whai hua tino. Ko te parau tumu o te pūnga utu i roto i te whakarara, mutu te whai ake: wahi o te mana tuku te i roto i, urupare, i roto i ngā, kua pau i runga i te mahi mīhini wera ranei. E ohipa te reira anake rite te mehua o te pūngao, i te kōrero i te puna papa autō, me te kaiwhiwhi ki ia atu. Otiia i te nāianei taua, e hāngai ana ki te mana urupare haere i roto i te raina tuku, whakaoho mate. Tenei raruraru, heoi, ka taea te whakatika. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite tōtika ōhanga rite tiketike o pākahiko condenser i roto i te whatunga ki te ngaohiko o 0,38 kV me whai i te kaha ki roto i ngā wā o te wae kawenga urupare tiketike kore me e kia teitei ake i 0,33, kiritaki i ko kore iti iho i te 0 te tauwehe te mana, 95.

Transformers ki OLTC

Tautuhi ratou i 110 ... whakarato 35/10 kV te whakamahi o te hiko i roto i te ahumahi, e kore anake ki te parekura iti, engari haapa'oraa ano hoki ki nga kiritaki i te putanga o tāupenga tonu o roto i te mānukanuka. Nā ki te rerekētanga i waenganui i tata me te tūturu nga aravihi o te tahi mau transformers ngā i roto i te whatunga whakahaeretia taea underload. Ko te amplification o te kawenga mo enei wae he pea ki te anake e kore tetahi e maia ki te whakamahi ture o te mana hiko mā te tūhono ki a ratou. Taua transformers'aonga ki whakakapi whakaaro iti kaha. Ka iti te mate o kahore-kawenga, a i roto i te kopiko - nui haere. Ki tenei i roto i te whakaaro, ka taea e tetahi te tatau i te kawenga rohe o te hiko whakaurua i roto i te whatunga i roto i nei e kia tika te whakauru o te pūrere iti kaha.

hōkaiipurangi whatunga

mahia ona hua e te hanganga o nga teihanaroto hou me ngā rārangi. i roto i te huinga o mehua ano ngā te whakakapinga o te waea overloaded katoa i roto i te whanaketanga o te whatunga i roto i runga i ngā kaupapa motuhake. Translation ES tuawhenua i runga i te nui ngaohiko te tauanga te whakahaere anake rārangi ki te ngaohiko o te 10 kV hei utu o 6 kV. whakamahi tika o te hiko i roto i te wahi tuatahi ngā whakapai ake mahi kaiwhiwhi. kia kawea tātai hangarau e tika ana i roto i mo te mekameka supply katoa. E ko, kia tono ano hoki ratou ki te hanga me te tuku, me te whakamahi o te hiko.

e fakafuofua

Ko hoki reira o faufaa nui. Tenei mehua whakarato mo te whakatū o ngā paerewa mo te kohi rauemi motuhake. Whakarite nui penapena mana taea e kore anake i roto i te whanaketanga o auaha, paerewa e hāngai ana pūtaiao-. O te faufaa ngā i roto i tenei take ko te rauemi, me te whakatūnga o ngā pūnaha utu mo fakahoko me mo-tupuraa o ngā tikanga. Ngā Ture Whakamahi o hiko he tika ki te arotake i ia wā, ka whakapai ake rite huringa i roto i ngā tukanga whakaputa, te whakangungu o ngā kaimahi, te whakamahi o atu taputapu hou i roto i te wāhi mahi. Tenei mahi ko te kawenga o nga kaimahi kōwae tēnā. ture motuhake i runga i te kohi pūngao, e kua whiwhi i roto i te akoranga o te tātai, ko reira whakahauanga ki te tirohia hoki te hinonga. mahi tenei e ine mo te tetahi wā (te wa mahi, tau, a pera i runga i. D.) I roto i te mahi noa o te hinonga. Ka taea te mohio e fakafuofua anake ki kohi pūngao kaunuku rēhita i roto i te hinonga.

Tūtohi kawenga

Te kore ratou, te whakamahi tupato o te kaha e taea. Whakatau i transformers hōkaiipurangi, waea, me te tahi atu whatunga whakamana te i runga ki te kawenga rawa tauanga. Ko te atu nāianei ka haere ki runga ki aua āhuatanga o te pūnaha, puta noa i te tau, ra taua wā ranei, ka whai wāhi te ake ratou. Fakatatau ki ai, ka kia teitei te tōtika te mana. I roto i te mahi, he rerekē tonu i te pai i roto i taua i te kauwhata tūturu i roto i te nuinga o te wa i raro i te kaha hoahoa.