Kounga mana. whakaritenga Kounga mō te hiko

hiahiatia te kounga Power te ki te whakapuaki i te tohu ine ki te ine i te mains. Mahinga hiahiatia ki te mau tonu GOSTs hanganga ture āhuatanga pērā i tātāu o te ngaohiko me te auau. Tei runga i te uara o nga kiritaki hono tawhā taketake huri, e kia ki o ratou ine nui arahi ki te kore o te taputapu.

E pā te āhuatanga o te mains?

Tei kounga mana i runga i te maha nui o ngā āhuatanga e huri i te mahi i roto i te taikaha o te rohe o nga ture. Ko te kupu, kia kia rimurapa te ngaohiko e tika ana ki te aituā i te substation. puta uara iti i roto i nga haora te ahiahi ranei i roto i te raumati, ka hoki te iwi kāinga me te ngā i te TV, umu hiko, pūnaha rangi-conditioning.

kounga mana rite ki paerewa kāwanatanga taea rerekē paku. I roto i te whatunga supply rawa rawakore, kiritaki i ki te whakamahi i tauwehe ngaohiko. Mana o te āhuatanga i whakaritea ki nga CPS, e taea te uru atu, ka reira te mea he rerekētanga.

kia whakawhirinaki kounga Power i runga i te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• rerekētanga moepō e pā ana ki kiritaki kōhikohiko honotanga ranei ki te mana o te tai i roto i te teihana moana.
• Huringa i roto i te rangi ambient: makuku, te hanganga o te tio i runga i nga waea supply.
• huringa hau, ka mana hua vetroviki.
• Kounga waea, mau te reira i roto i runga i te wā.

He aha ko nga āhuatanga matua o te mains?

whakaturia te uara ine me te hapa tawhā ine e rite ki GOST. kounga Power Kua oti te tuhituhi i roto i te tuhinga 32144-2013. ka mau te reira i legitimize enei whika e tika ana ki te mōrea o ngā pūrere ahi kiritaki, me te malfunctions o tāuta hiko tairongo ki huringa i roto i te ngaohiko. Ko te pūrere whakamutunga noa i roto i ngā hōhipera, ngā pokapū rangahau, whakaurunga hōia.

tawhā Kounga o te hiko whakahou i roto i 2013 i roto i te hononga ki te whanaketanga o te hoko pūngao mākete me te putanga o ngā pūrere hiko hou. Hamani hiko i roto i tona supply kia rite ngā hua e whakatau etahi paearu. I roto i te kaupapa e taea te whakamahi āhuatanga i tohua ki kaiwhakarato fatongia whakahaere. Ki te taea te pāngia te hara ki o nga rerekē ngaohiko hou pānga ranei iwi, kia criminalized kua reira.

Eaha te tupu ki kiritaki ina paopao koe he kai noa?

tawhā kounga mana pā te roanga o te mahi o nga whakaaro tūhono, te reira maha riro tino ki te hanga. Falling rārangi hua, te whakanui ake i te mana kohi. Mai heke te take taipana pūkaha te ina uara te tohu hinga mains. Whakapototia te ora mahi o rama, te rere luminous o rama riro iti iho i te kope e, na pānga ki te hua i roto i greenhouses. He pānga nui i roto i te tukanga o te tahi atu tauhohe matüora.

E ai ki nga ture o te ahupūngao ngaohiko heke i te kawenga tamau i runga i te take pūkaha arata'i ki te hua tere i roto i te nāianei. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, arata'i ki te arā o nga whakakā haumaru. Ka rite ki te hua, e rewa ana i te mātao i pai wera fuses, i kino rawa pahua te pūkaha awhiowhio te faatumu-te hikohiko huānga. I raro i te mau huru rite, ka tīmata te mita hiko ki te miro i te tere teitei. Ko te rangatira o te whare mamae parekura.

Paearu mō te aro mātai o te mains

Ko ngā ano te āheinga? kounga Power whakaritea e te āhuatanga o whatunga toru-wāhanga, me te whānui i roto i iahiko motu 50 Hz:

• On uara ngaohiko ine whakatau te āhuatanga nui i e taea te whakahaeretia kiritaki kahore kore. Eke i runga i te raro rohe noa 220 Ko 209 me te tihi, ko te 231 V.
• Ko te whānuitanga o te ngaohiko tāuru ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i te uara me te kaha tīwera o nāianei. Mita o te huringa taka tawhā.
• Kei te wehea Kōpura ki horopeta wā-poto i roto i te 10 meneti, me te tonu i whakatakoto 2 haora. Tohu te tohu o te tūtohutanga kanohi tangata ki te kope e te marama, i meinga e tātāu o te supply mana.
• whakaahuatia te ngaohiko pini te wa whakaora he uara rerekē i runga i te take o te ru rānei.
• Ko te tau whakarea mō te aromatawai i te kounga o te mains: te distortion uara sinusoidal overvoltage rangitahi, wāhanga hawarite o karawhiti o raupapa kino, me te kore.
• wā wā ngaohiko tuku tautuhia e te tawhā anō whakatakotoria rite ki GOST.
• hua auau ine mahora mains i roto i te kino o nga wahi hiko me waea.

tāuru kohao ine rahinga

Kei te ngana te kounga Power ki te hanga i te hāhi tika i whakaritea, rai atu i roto i te ture. Web ki ngā hapa e whakatika ina inenga U rite f. Ki te mea i reira he hapa, ka taea e koe te whakapā atu i te mana hi'opo'araa, ki te kawe ki fatongia o te kaiwhakarato hiko.

whakaritenga General mō te kounga mana tawhā ngā ine ngaohiko e kua wehea ki e rua ngā rōpū:

• mahi noa ka te ine, ko te ± 5%.
• whakaturia te rohe o te aratau oscillation whakaaetia te ki ± 10%. Ka waiho tenei mo te 220 V iti paepae o 198 V me te 242 V. mōrahi

kia puta whakaora ngaohiko i roto i te wā wa kaua e nui ake i te rua meneti.

Swipe ki te huri i te mains

tikanga kounga Power mo tenei tawhā ngā mātakitaki, hei wāhanga oscillation ngaohiko. te kaiwhakau ia te reira i te rerekētanga i waenganui i te paepae tīwera o runga me raro. Hoatu e uru te tukunga o te ine i te tawhā whakaritea te ± 5% rohe, e kore e nui ake te hōkai o te aratau whāiti ± 10%. E kore ai te whatunga kai 220 kapewhiti atu iti iho i te 22 V ranei, me 380 mahi tikanga i roto i nga rohe o ± 38 V.

Ko te hua ngaohiko tārere oscillation tatau e te faaiteraa e whai ake ΔU = U _max -U _min, hua i roto i te paerewa i whakaritea i roto i te% rite ki te tātai _{ΔU = ((U max -U min} ) / U iti) * 100%.

uara tāuru tapepe

mana pūnaha kounga inenga ngā kōpura. Tenei tohu horo te pūrere motuhake - flickermeter, e tango auau whakautu. Kua whakaritea nga hua whiwhi ki te ānau tūtohutanga o te tinana whatu.

whakapumautia GOST rohe huri kōpura:

• e kore e wae rerenga atu rerenga wā poto kia teitei ake i 1.38.
• kia hinga huringa wā roa i roto i te uara 1.0.

A, no te haere mai te reira ki te rohe o runga o te mania tohu o rama aano, e hiahiatia ai e ko te hua i roto i te rohe e whai ake nei:

• rerekē wā poto i roto i - te whakatakotoria he tohu ki 1.0.
• huringa tawhā auroa - 0,74.

rerekētanga sino

inenga kounga Power ngā inenga pēnei wāhanga rite ngātere ngaohiko. whakamārama e ia nga ngā koi me ngā heke o te hiko i roto i te wā i tīpakohia. kia waiho te take mo tenei āhuatanga whakawhitinga tukutahi o te tokomaha nui o ngā kaiwhakamahi, te pānga o te pokanoa hiko e tika ki uira.

Tautuhia wā o te ora ngaohiko, e kore e pā te kiritaki:

• Ai rerekē - tenei paroro me ētahi atu pokanoa hiko tūturu. e kore te mea neke atu i te 15 microseconds te wā whakaora.
• Ki te ko te ngātere tika ki whakawhitinga kore-ōrite o kiritaki, ko nui roa te wā, me te he rite ki te 15 ms.

Ko te tokomaha nui o ngā aituā i te teihanaroto puta tika ki te patu uira i roto i te tāutanga. Tonu mamae kaiwhakahaere mātao. Ko te rahi o te overvoltage taea tae rau o kilovolts. Ki te mahi i tenei, he pūrere haumarutanga, engari i ētahi wā e kore ratou e tu ki runga, a ka reira ko te pūmanawa wäriu. I enei taime, e kore e te raruraru puta tika ki te ātete mātao.

uara tāuru ōhanga Roanga

Ko te tawhā whanganga whakaahuatia rite te tuku ngaohiko whakanohoia i roto i nga rohe ± 0,1U wā _iti o te torutoru tekau o hākonamano. Hoki whatunga 220 whakaaetia te huringa tohu ki 22 V, 380 V ki te kahore te mea neke atu i te 38 V. tatau te hohonu o te ōhanga kei te rite ki te _{faaiteraa: ΔU n = (U iti -U} min) / U iti.

tatau Spadla roanga kei te rite ki te _{faaiteraa: Δt n = t k -t n} , i konei t _k - ko te wā i ina kua whakahokia te ngaohiko, me t _n - mata o te take, te wa ka puta te taka ngaohiko.

titau aroturuki kounga Power ki te tango ki pūkete te auau o te tupu o rahunga, tautuhia e te _{tātai: FI = (m (ΔU n} , Δt n) / M) * 100%. konei:

• tautuhia m (ΔU _n, Δt _n) ko rite te maha o recessions i te wa i whakaritea mo te hohonu ΔU _n me te roanga Δt _n.
• M - katoa recessions score i roto i te wā i tīpakohia.

He aha ko te uara o te ōhanga

hiahiatia tāuru tawhā te roa tāupe heke te ki te aromatawai i te tika o te pūngao kai i roto i ngā ine. I tenei auau, kia pā i te auau o ngā aituā i te substation tika ki mahue kaimahi, uira. Ko te hua o te āputa rangahau e whakaaroa hoki te tohu o te kore i roto i te whatunga i roto i te pātai.

Tatauranga taea ki a koe fakafuofua'i 'whakatau e pā ana ki te pūmautanga o te supply mana hiko. kaiwhakarato hiko ki te whakarato i raraunga mo nga āraihia tūtohutia i ngā whakaurunga.

ine auau

auau Tautukunga i roto i etahi rohe e pā ana ki te whakaritenga kiritaki e hiahiatia ana. Na roto i te whakaiti i te taupū e 1%, te mate o neke atu i te 2%. whakawhiti i tenei ki utu ōhanga, hua iti o hinonga. Hoki te tangata toharite, arata'i tenei ki nui haere moni o te rironga mai i runga i utu mō te hiko.

Tei arataki nekeneke tere hurihuringa i runga i te auau mains. Whakawera i te whakawera huānga i te mahi iti i te whakaiti i te tawhā he iti iho i te 50 HZ. A, no te kia pakaru ai ngā uara rimurapa kiritaki ētahi atu pūhanga ranei kahore e hangaia mō te tōpana tiketike.

Ka taea e te ine auau pā te mahi te hikohiko. Mai puta te haruru TV mata i huringa tohu i ± 0.1Hz. I tua atu ki hē ataata, faarahi te mōrea o withdrawal o nga āhuatanga wahi iho. Methods o e pā ana ki ine kounga mana protrudes whakahaere rāhui supply kōpuku ki te taea aunoa whakahokia ngaohiko i roto i te wā wā tikanga.

tau whakarea

Hoki te mahi noa o te supply whakaurua aroturuki o te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• pukangaru ngaohiko Non-sinusoidal. he tika ki te kiritaki kaha distortion poipoi sine: hatete hiko, oumu iakawe, mīhini fehokotakianga. I roto i te take o ine o tenei tawhā te whakaiti i te ora mahi o te kopiko nekeneke, raru te aunoatanga tānga, kore o te pūnaha puku i runga i te mana thyristor.
• Kei te quantifying overvoltage Rangitahi huringa i roto i te uara he pini tāuru.
• hawarite N-th he āhuatanga sinusoidal whiwhi i te āhuatanga tāuru ngaohiko. Ko te uara tātai whiwhi i te raraunga tepu mo ia hawarite.
• He nui te karawhiti o te uara tāuru i runga i te muri o te raupapa kore ranei ki te whakaaro mō ngā take whakarerenga o tohatoha pāhiwihiwi o te wāhanga. Ēnei āhuatanga puta te nuinga i runga i te ngaronga o mains hono i roto i te whetu tapatoru ranei.

Ngā momo o te tiaki ki huringa ohorere i roto i te supply

kia kawea te whakapai ake te kounga mana i roto i runga i etahi ngā ture. Ko te tiaki o te taputapu tika te kiritaki te ki te hanga mā te whakamahi i te tikanga e whai ake nei:

• Stabilizers whakarite tiaki o te kaha o te tāupe tāuru i roto i te rohe i whakaritea. tutuki Kounga pūngao kei te ara i ine o te uara tāuru i neke atu i te 35%.
• hangaia kai mana Uninterruptible e ki te pupuri i te hauora o te kiritaki i roto i te wā whakaritea o te wā. Ko e tika ana ki te pūngao rongoa i roto i ona ake pūhiko taputapu Power. A, no te he outage mana, taea ki te mau tonu te hauora o te taputapu tari katoa mo te torutoru haora bespereboynik.
• Kei te mahi Instruments o te tiaki i ongo mana i runga i te parau tumu o te tānga. I muri i te uara tāuru rawa te rohe puta whakaturia taiawhio tuwhera.

momo katoa o te tiaki kua ki te kia ngā ki te whakarato i te tino whakaunga e vai maitai noa te taputapu utu i roto i te aituā i te substation.