Types o pakiaka me ngā pūnaha pakiaka. Puka me ngā momo o pakiaka

Root - tipu raro huānga axial, i te mea te wahi tino nui o ratou, o ratou tinana vegetative matua. Nā te tipu pakiaka whakaritea i roto i te oneone, me te e mau i reira i roto i te huringa ora katoa, me te tukua ki te wai, a ka roto ngā matūkai kohuke reira. He maha nga wehewehenga me ngā momo o pakiaka. He Ia o ratou ona ake āhuatanga motuhake. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka titiro tatou ki nga pakiaka o ngā momo ngā, nga momo o ngā pūnaha pakiaka. Ano, whiwhi tatou ki te mohio ratou āhuatanga.

He aha e nga momo o pakiaka?

pakiaka Paerewa āhuatanga e puka filamentous uzkotsilindricheskoy ranei. I roto i te maha ngā tipu, i roto i te tua ki te tuatahi (matua) pakiaka, whakawhanakehia hoki atu momo o pakiaka - lateral me adventitious. Kia whakaaro tatou he aha e ratou.

pakiaka matua

whakawhanake ana tēnei tinana te tipu i te uri pakiaka embryonic. (E kitea i roto i te chile vahine te tikanga atu momo o pakiaka tipu) ko te taua tonu te pakiaka matua. whakaorangia e ia i te tipu, puta noa tona huringa ora.

Hoki pakiaka āhuatanga e geotropism pai, e ko te tika ki te-papa o Papatūānuku, haere ia hohonu ki te tïpako poutū raro.

pakiaka adventitious

pakiaka adventitious i huaina whakato momo, e kua hanga e i te tahi atu ratou whēkau. Enei tinana kia kakau, rau, wana, me pera i runga i. Hei tauira, i roto i pata, i reira e pera-ka karanga pakiaka adventitious tuatahi e rā hoki ki te kakau o te ira uri. whakawhanake ratou i roto i te akoranga o te germination o te purapura nui tukutahi ki te pakiaka matua.

Ano, i reira e pururu momo pakiaka adventitious (hua i hutia nga rau), ranei kōpuku kakau (whakaputaina i rhizomes, aboveground ranei kōpuku kakau raro), me te pera atu. I runga i te kōpuku o raro e hanga e pakiaka kaha, e kua mohiotia rite te hau (tohutoro ranei).

Ko te putanga o pakiaka adventitious ai te kaha tipu mō te whakaputa uri vegetative.

pakiaka lateral

Ka karanga pakiaka lateral, puta rite te manga taha. kia kia hanga e ratou e rua i roto i te matua, me te i roto i pakiaka tuarua. I tua atu, kia reira kia branched, me i te taha, hua i roto i te hanganga o pakiaka lateral o tikanga teitei (tuatahi, te tuarua, me te tuatoru).

Kei te āhuatanga tinana taha nui e te geotropism hake, i.e. puta ratou tupu i roto i nui whakapae ranei i te koki ki te mata oneone.

He aha i huaina ko te pūnaha pakiaka?

huaina te pūnaha pakiaka te momo katoa me ngā momo o pakiaka, e wātea ana i roto i te tipu kotahi (e ko, to ratou huinga). Tei runga i te ōwehenga o te tupu o nga pakiaka matua, lateral me adventitious whakaritea e tona momo me te āhua.

Ngā momo o ngā pūnaha pakiaka

He puta ke he mahu'inga me pūnaha pakiaka kaiota te.

Ki te whakawhanakehia te pakiaka matua rawa te pai me he kitea i roto i te pakiaka o tetahi momo, e te tikanga e te tipu ko te pūnaha matua. Tei roto te reira i te nuinga dicots.

Ko te pūnaha pakiaka o tenei momo e āhuatanga e te germination hohonu i roto i te oneone. Hei tauira, nga pakiaka o etahi otaota taea tomo ki te hohonu o 10-12 mita (whakato tataramoa, alfalfa). Ko te hohonu o te penetration o pakiaka rakau i roto i ētahi wā kia tae 20 m.

Ki te, Heoi, faaite nui pakiaka adventitious e whakawhanake i ngā tau nui, me te matua te āhuatanga e tupu puhoi, kua hanga e te pūnaha pakiaka, e kiia nei ko kaiota.

he pūnaha taua āhuatanga e te, rite ki te tikanga, monocots me etahi herbaceous. Ahakoa te meka e kore e nga pakiaka kaiota o te pūnaha tomo rite hohonu rite i roto i te matua, ko ratou pai matūriki entwine oneone pātata taua. He maha ryhlokustovye me māngaro pātītī hanga fibrillose moni copious o pakiaka pai, kei te whānui whakamahia hoki pakohu oneone whakamau i runga i matapuna, me te pera i runga i. I roto i te pai-tarutaru zaderniteley ngā quack tarutaru, Brome, fescue, Kentucky bluegrass me ētahi atu.

pakiaka mutated

Haunga whakaraupapahia angamaheni i runga, i reira e te tahi atu momo o pakiaka me ngā pūnaha pakiaka. E huaina whakarerekētia ratou.

tōkena ake nga pakiaka

Ki te ake i runga i ngā pakiaka, me te korneklubni.

Root Ko te heitiki matua pakiaka i roto i te hononga ki te waipara ki reira ngā matūkai. whai wāhi hoki i roto i te hanganga o te wahi hua pakiaka o raro o te kakau. Arā, te nuinga o tōkena te kiko whāriki. Tauira o kai pakiaka e taea te mahi rite te pāhiri, uhikura, kāreti, beets, me ētahi atu.

Ki te thickened ki pakiaka kararehe he pakiaka lateral me adventitious, kua karangatia e ratou kōpura pakiaka (te mahuetanga). whakawhanakehia ratou te rīwai, potato reka, Dahlia, me ētahi atu

pakiaka irirangi

Tenei pakiaka lateral, tipu ake i roto i te wahi a'e. He he maha o ngā tipu pārūrū. mimiti ratou wai me te hāora i te rangi. He whai tipu pārūrū tipu i roto i nga tikanga o te kore o ngā kohuke.

pakiaka romahā

Tenei ahua o pakiaka taha e tupu whakarunga, moata ai i runga i te mata o te tïpako, o te wai. Enei momo o pakiaka e hanga e i roto i ngā tipu tipu i runga i te oneone hou rawa, tikanga reporepo. Ki enei pakiaka o te otaota riro i roto o te rangi mo te hē hāora.

Te tautoko (kurupae-taiepa) pakiaka

Enei momo o pakiaka o nga rakau angamaheni mo ahu nui (tawai, erema, he papara, pārūrū, me te m. P.) He he protuberances poutū tapatoru i hanga pakiaka lateral, me te whakawhānui i te mata o te oneone ranei i runga i te reira. e karangatia ano ratou kurupae-koki o, rite rite ratou ki nga papa e okioki ki te rakau.

Pakiaka-Kahu (haustoria)

Kitea i roto i ngā tipu pirinoa, e kore e taea e te tangata e photosynthesize. Matūkai e tika ana mō te mahi noa, kua whakaputaina ratou i tipu o te kakau pakiaka ranei o te tahi atu tipu. I te wa ano e te whakatinana ratou me te kōkai me kōtai. pests Plant he tauira o dodder, broomrape, Rafflesia.

Haustorium-semiparasites otaota he kaha photosynthetic, tupu anake i roto i te kōtai, tango i te tipu ope kohuke anake (whiro-witi, kohuorangi, me ētahi atu).

Ko te pakiaka o nga matau

Tenei ahua o atu pakiaka adventitious e whakawhanake i runga i te kakau o te piki otaota. Ki to ratou awhina i nga otaota i te kaha ki te tāpiri ki a tautoko i te tetahi ara (ara) whakarunga. E wātea ana ēnei pakiaka, hei tauira, te tenacious ficus, heriki me te m. P.

Retractable (contractile) pakiaka

Āhuatanga o te tipu, kua koi heke te pakiaka o nei i roto i te ahunga wä roa o te turanga. Tauira he otaota ki te topuku. pakiaka Retractable Roots me topuku whakarato he poka i roto i te whenua. Ano, meinga ratou aroaro i te turanga pai snug (hei tauira, aihere) ki te whenua me te tūnga poutū o te māngaro me te pakiaka kara raro.

Mycorrhiza (gribokoren)

symbiosis huaina mycorrhizal (whaihua tahi-oraraa) o nga pakiaka o te tipu teitei ki weuweu fungal, i entwine ratou, e mahi ana i te mahi o makawe pakiaka. Harore whakarato nga otaota ki te wai, me ngā matūkai rewa i roto i reira. Plants, i roto i te tahuri, hoatu te harore e hiahiatia ana mo ratou oranga matū organic.

pakiaka Mycorrhizae tūturu i roto i tokomaha o nga otaota teitei, rawa a Papatuanuku.

nodules kitakita

Tenei pakiaka lateral whakarerekētia, e kua urutau ki te mohio ki a taupuhipuhi huakita hauota whakatika. Ko e tika ana ki te kătahi o Nodulation huakita hauota-whakatika ki te taitamariki pakiaka. Tenei taea te nĕnĕ tahi hua tipu hauota e kua whakawhiti huakita i te rangi i roto i te puka e wātea ana mo ratou. Ko te huakita whakarato hoki te nohonga motuhake e taea te wahi ratou mahi i waho whakataetae ki ētahi atu momo o te huakita. I tua atu, te whakamahi ratou matū hakari i roto i te pakiaka otaota.

Āhuatanga nodules kitakita mō rēkiumu e e whakamahia nuitia rite ameliorants huringa i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarangatira i te oneone ki te hauota. E whakaaro ana te tipu hauota-whakatika pai ki ngā rekiumu tap pātītī, pērā i puru alfalfa me kowhai, clover māwhero, whero me te clover ma, sainfoin, Lotus corniculatus me ētahi atu.

Haunga te kāhuarau i runga, i reira e te tahi atu momo o pakiaka, rauawa pakiaka-rite (whai wāhi ki te whakapakari o te kakau), pakiaka stilted (kore tipu te tauturu totohu i roto i te paru) me suckers (puku adventitious i a te whakarato whakatö vegetative).