Poto haurongo Ili Ilicha Mechnikova: te hītori o te ora, āhuatanga, ngā whakatutukitanga, me ngā āhuatanga o te mahi

Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich, biography (kōrero ora) ko te tino ngā - embryologist Russian, he immunologist me bacteriologist. Kua aroaro tatou tenei pūtaiao ki maha ngā āhuatanga nui i roto i te pūtaiao. I te 1908 ka whakawhiwhia ia te Nobel i Physiology Medicine paraihe ranei. Heoi, ko te tika tenei tetahi o nga whakatutukitanga maha Ili Ilicha. Ka whakamōhio koe poto haurongo Ili Ilicha Mechnikova ki te ora, me ngā āhuatanga taketake i hanga e enei pūtaiao.

rongo Ile Iliche e pā ana ki e rua koiora kāinga me te ke, immunology me te whaiaroaro. Hoari ki te mahi hua me rite te kaimātai kararehe, me te rite te embryologist me rite te kairangahau mate. Ko ia tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o Embryology kunenga. I tua atu, kei te kiia e ia ki te kitea o te nakunaku intracellular me phagocytosis, me te ake. Ko tenei katoa nui atu i nui ki tokomaha o koutou kia hiahia i roto i te haurongo poto Ili Ilicha Mechnikova ai.

Ko te takenga mai o te pūtaiao i mua nei

I whanau ia i roto i te kainga o Ivanovka (e tata ana Kharkov, Ukraine) i roto i te tau 1845. Ko tona papa he rangatira o te Tsarist ope pirihimana ngaro Ilya Ivanovich, e mahi i roto i St Petersburg. I mua i neke ki te kikī Iukereiniana, ngaro tenei tangata kāri wahi nui o te kaipakuha o tana wahine, me te taonga te utuafare. Emiliya Mechnikova (nee - Nevakhovich) ko te whaea o Ili Ilicha. Ko te papa o tenei wahine, he kaituhi rawa Hurai Lev Nevahovich. whai wāhi Emilia ki te meka e tana tama, te whakamutunga o rima tamariki, whiriwhiria he pūtaiao mahi.

Mātauranga i roto i te Lyceum me te University o

tuhia poto haurongo Ili Ilicha Mechnikova e ko ia i tamarikitanga hiahia i roto i te hītori taiao. ako pai Future Scientist i Kharkov Lyceum. I te tau o te 16 tau i tuhituhi Mechnikov he tuhinga e i te aroaro ki te faaino o te pukapuka matua o te arowhenua. I whakaputaina te reira i roto i te moheni Moscow. I puta ia ki te hōnore i te kura nui (i roto i te 1862), ua faaoti Ilya Ilyich ki te tango ake i te ako o te hanganga pūtau. haere ana ia hoki reira i roto i te University o Würzburg. Whai ki te huru, haere Ilya Mechnikov ki Germany. i kore noa e mohio ia e muri anake 6 wiki o tīmata mahi. Kia i roto i te pa ke anake, kahore mohio o German, faaoti Ilya ki te hoki ki te Whare Wānanga o Kharkov. kawea e ia te translation Tiamana o te pukapuka "Te Origin o Momo e Founga o Natural Tīpakonga 'e Charles Darwin. Hoari, i muri i te pānui i tēnei pukapuka, ka e ahau he kaitautoko o te ariā o te kukuwhatanga.

Ko te tuatahi te whakatuwheratanga Mechnikov

puta Ilya Ilyich i Kharkiv akoranga whare wānanga-tau 4 i roto i te 2 tau. Kua waia ki te hanganga o te kararehe o raro (kāri, noke, me te tahi atu hātaretare), mohio Ilya Mechnikov e te rauropi atu tino whakawhanakehia, kia rite ki te ariā o Darwin, i roto i te hanganga me whai he hunaonga ki a te hunga papaku, te hunga e e ratou tupuna. Ko nui pai whakawhanakehia atu te Embryology o ngā hātaretare Embryology whai tuaiwi i te wa. pau Ilya Mechnikov te ako-tau 3 muri o te rohe iti-tūhuratia. haere ia ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o Europe: tae mai e pā ana ki. Helgoland i roto i te Moana Te Tai Tokerau, i roto i te taiwhanga o R. Leuckart tata Frankfurt, i Naples, te wahi mahi ia ki a Aleksandrom Kovalevskim, he kuao kaimātai kararehe Russian. Mahi, te wahi i whakakitea e ratou e kararehe multicellular paparanga iroriki e huirua (he ōrite ratou hanganga), rite kia waiho i ngā pā ana o te takenga noa kawea, kua kaipūtaiao he moni KE von Baer. Na roto i tenei wa, Mechnikov tika tahuri 22 tau. ka anga ia Nā ki te ngaohiko nui i tenei wa ki te kino ia i aku kanohi. māharahara Mechnikov tenei ahuatanga mo te 15 tau atu. i ahatia te reira ia ki te mahi ki te karu.

rangahau täkutatanga, kauwhau, ka whai wāhi i roto i te ope

I muri parururaa i tona tuhinga i runga i te whanaketanga embryonic o ika me te mātaitai, i tangohia e wahi i roto i te tau 1867, riro ia tona tākutatanga Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich. haurongo Poto o ana tau i muri mai, kua pā ana ki te whakapaipai Russian, pera ka awhina ia ia ia i St Petersburg University, a ka anga whakaako konei hoki anatomy whakatairite me te kararehe. 6 tau i hoatu e ia kauwhau i roto i te whare wānanga. Na ka ka Ilya Mechnikov he mema o te ope taua tikanga tangata. Fakataha ki ētahi atu kairangahau, ka haere ia ki te Moana o Kapiana, i te wahi o te noho o nga Kalmyks. Ko te whakaaro o te ope - inenga anthropometric, tuku ngā nga Kalmyks ki te iwi Mongoloid. Mechnikov hoki mai i roto i Odessa i pōtitia ahorangi kaiāwhina o University Novorossiysk.

Life i roto i Odessa me neke ki Itari, te kitea o phagocytes

Odessa, kei runga i te Moana Black ko he wahi nui ki te tūhura i te huinga o te kararehe moana. pai ngā ākonga Ilyu Ilicha, engari tipu pōuri tōrangapū me te pāpori i roto i Russia i taua wa tukinotia pūtaiao.

I roto i te 1881, i muri i te kōhurutanga o Alexander II o, rahi mahi reactionary o te kāwanatanga hou. oho rihaina Mechnikov ki Itari (Messina). Here, me te mahara ano ia, ka hanga he pakaruhanga i roto i ona mahi rangahau. riro Mechnikov te kairangahau mate. Koimutu ke tona ora e tika ana ki te whakatuwheratanga o Ili Ilicha kitenga o te torongū o te pātangaroa. Ko te pūtaiao tuhia e te pūtau motile o mea ora karapoti te tinana ke, a ka mimiti ratou. kitea te āhuatanga rite i roto i te whakautu inflammatory o te tinana tangata. Ki te he iti nui he tinana ke, (i huaina phagocytes Mechnikov ratou) atiutiu noa pūtau tino mimiti te roanga.

ariā Mechnikov

kihai i Mechnikov te tuatahi ki te kite e te pūtau toto ma i roto i te tinana o te kararehe kai kaiao e kua huaki ratou rohe, tae atu ki ngā huakita. Heoi, i whakapono ai e te tukanga absorption kitea i roto i te nuinga whakamahia mō te tohatoha i roto i te tinana o ngā matū ke i roto i te pūnaha circulatory. puritia Ilya Ilyich atu whakamārama. Ki te mea kei te tupu, ka titiro ia i roto i nga kanohi o te embryologist. phagocytes Mobile i roto i te pātangaroa torongū kore e mimiti noa ahanoa ke. whakangaromia hoki ratou i te tahi atu te kopa ka kore e hiahia ana ratou i te tinana. leukocytes tangata me phagocytes pātangaroa huirua embryological, no te mea e ratou e rua mai i te kiriwai. Mai i tenei, faaoti kaipūtaiao e, rite phagocytes, ma pūtau toto te mahi i te mahi parukore tiaki ranei. Na ka whakaatu Ilya I. pehea enei pūtau ngāue pohehe ana i roto i te mārama puruhi wai.

Metchnikoff muri tuhituhi i te mate, kia rite ki tenei whakapae, he whawhai i waenganui i nga papapūata tinana me te phagocytes tomo i waho. Heoi, i runga i nga tau i te whakaaro Ili Ilicha kore mohio a e pūtaiao. I roto i tenei whakaaro, i roto i te whānui, i reira angamaheni o taua whika rangatira rite Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, biography. kaipūtaiao nui e kore maha e whakaae ki te hapori pūtaiao, me e te reira wa ki te tiki i to ratou whakaaro i āhukahuka pai-tika ana. I roto i tenei tikanga, Mechnikov ara waimarie - ana ratonga i maioha e te tohu o te Nobel, ahakoa kahore tonu. Otiia maha te reira tupu e rongo ki nga tangata nunui mai i muri i anake te mate.

Hoki ki Odessa

ka hoki Mechnikov i roto i 1886 ki Odessa. ahu e ia te Bacteriological Institute, te hou whakaritea. Tenei te pūtaiao ko ki te tūhura i te pānga o phagocytes makimaki, rapeti me kuri ki runga ki nga papapūata e meinga paipa kirika me erysipelas. Kei te mahi hoki ona kaimahi ki te whakawhanake i kano ki Anthrax hipi, me te korara heihei. a Mechnikov ki te mahi ki nūpepa, hiahia sensations, me te ki tākuta rohe, e whakawakia ia o te kore o te mātauranga hauora. I roto i te 1887, ua faaoti Ilya Ilyich ki te waiho te rua te wa Russia. Kua poto haurongo Ili Mechnikova kua haere i runga i roto i te pane a French.

Life i Paris, tonu ako o phagocytes

I roto i Paris tutaki ia ki a Lui Pasterom. ui pūtaiao Wīwī a ia ki te upoko i te taiwhanga hou hanga i te Pasteur Institute. I roto i te 28 tau i muri mai, mahi Mechnikov konei, tonu ki te tūhura i te phagocytes.

Mechnikov mahi i hanga i roto i Paris, i hanga he takoha nui ki te maha o ngā āhuatanga taketake e pā ana ki te āhua o te whakautu ārai. whakaaturia Zhyul Borde, he ākonga o Ili Ilicha kua aha tūranga i roto i te whakangaromanga o papapūata nui ngä (he taonga i kitea i roto i te serum noa). Na te reira e ratou ngoikore ake ki phagocytes.

Ētahi atu whakaaro Mechnikov

A, no te te whakaaro o te mahi o ngā pūtau ma toto hei me te faufaa o te phagocytosis kua tika whānui i roto i tīmata immunologists ki te whakawhanake i ētahi atu whakaaro Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. raraunga pūtaiao huarongo reira ngā i te maha o meka ngā. I roto i ngā, ngā ia te raruraru o hoholo me te mate. Mechnikov whakaputaina i roto i te 1903 i te pukapuka i runga i "orthobiosis", e ko, ki te kaha ora tika. huaina te mahi ko te "Nature o te tangata". Kei te mea te reira e pā ana ki te faufaa o te kai tōtika, me te te akiaki o ia i te hua miraka plurality kai, ngā miraka pē, rewena ki te Lactobacillus bulgaricus. e pā ana hoki Ingoa Ilya Mechnikov ki te tikanga rongonui mō te hokohoko i miraka pē. ka tenei tikanga arumoni angitu, engari he kaiputaiao e kore tetahi moni mo tona kitea i riro.

Poto haurongo Ili Mechnikova tohua he hui nui i roto i te 1908. i reira hoki tona mahi i runga i te mate, i whakawhiwhia te reira e ia te Nobel mo Medicine me Physiology paraihe. Ko tōna ka huihuia e Paora Ehrlich me Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, microbiologists. tonu Haurongo Ili Ilicha ngā i roto i tona ora whaiaro.

ora Whaiaro Mechnikov

I roto i te tau 1869, i moea e te tohunga pūtaiao ki Lyudmila Fedorovich, e mate ana ki te mate kohi. kahore tamariki a te tokorua. 4 tau i muri mai, no te mate tana wahine, ngana Mechnikov whakamomori mā te tango rehunanu. I te mahi i roto i te University Odessa, i 1875, ka tutaki ia Olga Belokopytova, ākonga-tau 15-tau, a ka marena ia ia. I muri kirimana ia taipō kirika, ngana ano Ilya Ilyich ki te mahia e whakamomori, inaianei ki āpiha werohanga o paipa kirika. Heoi, kei te pakeke kua reira mate, whakahokia mai e ia. Ano, te mate iti aau taia na huru o tenei kaiputaiao, me te tika ki ake kite. I roto i te Mechnikov me i te wahine tuarua a kahore tamariki. Heoi, i muri i nga matua mate Olga, Mechnikovs maitai, ēngari toru tuahine me ona teina e rua.

Ko te mate o te kaipūtaiao nui

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov: biography, ngā mahi hapu - katoa o tenei, kua arotakehia poto matou. tonu te reira anake ki te mea e mate Ilya Mechnikov Hōngongoi 15, 1916 i roto i Paris, i muri i te raupapa o whakaeke ngakau. Ko te kupu, i ora ia ki 71 tau.

Na, whakaurua koe he haurongo poto Ili Ilicha Mechnikova ki nga rohe o tona ora me te whakatutukitanga tino nui. Kua hiahia koe ki te haere tonu i mohio ki te pūtaiao nui? Pono tika Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich. Ko mārama iti rawa hoki te ako o te tuakiri me te whakaaro o te pūtaiao o tenei nui haurongo poto. i roto i to tatou whenua e kore e anake, engari katoa i runga i te ao he mana Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. Biographies o rata, ara te rongonui tino, e taea ki te whakataetae ki a ia mo nga whakatutukitanga uaua.