Daniel Dennett: korukī, biography poto

Ko te mara matua o te moni pūtaiao takoto i roto i te ako o te pūwāhi taumauri me pūtaiao o te tirohanga e rua o te mahara tangata, e, me ētahi atu ariā taketake. Ko te aha ngā āhuatanga me ngā awenga auaha i te whakaaro o te philosopho, ka taea e tatou te ako i tona koioranga, rawa te wā o te ora ākonga.

matua

tīmata Day ko ki te titiro ki tona ora rā, me te taiao, rite Raniera Dennett, haurongo whakaahua ana poto te angamaheni ora philosopho-pūtaiao, i whanau i roto i Boston i roto i te mau hītori utuafare American. Puta i Harvard. tū whanaketanga atu o te whakaaro o te pūtaiao i roto i te University o Oxford , arahina e Ahorangi o Ryle. Ko reira i raro i tona mana, a tuhituhi Tuhinga o Daniel Dennett ka mau tona tuhinga, ka whakaputaina tana pukapuka tuatahi - "Ihirangi me te mahara" - i roto i te 1969. I roto i tona whakaaro, a te akoranga, te awe i te wā o tona ora American, engari te kaitātari Ingarangi, rawa, i tata ki Dennett, a ko te pukapuka ōna pāhoro mo te wa.

whakatutukitanga nui

I muri i te fariiraa i tona Ph.D., ka tono tangata te pūtaiao ki Massachusetts, Tufts University, i reira te haapii ia i roto i te makehe ki te rā. I tua atu, na ô reira kauwhau takitahi i roto i ngä whare wänanga rerekē huri noa i te ao - i whanaunga Harvard me Oxford ki Moscow State University. 74 Ko wai te mea he kaiputaiao, he hiahia i roto i te pūtaiao, te whakairo ia. I te 2012 ka e ia he Laureate hōnore o Erasmus mo tona wāhi nui ki te ahurea Pākehā me te hapori.

Na, a Raniera Dennett, nei biography te wahi awe tona whakaaro, me te kupu, hoki i tuhituhi tona ora maha mahi. Ko te rongonui tino o ratou - "mata hinengaro", "Ngā momo o mentality», Whatiānga Room, Brainstorms, «Neurology ko Philosophy". E rave rahi o enei whakaute i roto i pūtaiao engari, kāore, he torutoru noa iritihia ki Russian.

Fundamentals o whakaritenga

Ko te taputapu matua i roto i ona whakaritenga metaphysical whakaaro Daniel Dennett te mahara tangata. tautoko ia ona tohenga ki meka pūtaiao i hinengaro hinengaro, cybernetics, me te koioraiti. Ano, faatura ia tonu tona hoa hoa, engari e kore e wareware ki te kia kite ki o ratou mahi, faaite ratou whakaaro, me te fakaanga mārohirohi. Hei tauira, i tuhituhi e ia he arotake pukapuka o Dawkins 'te Kaima`nako Gene ". I roto i ana mahi e taea te kite i te reira e te tonu whakaaro te pūtaiao e pā ana ki te mahara, te whakatau i roto i nei ora taata ko reira. Daniel Dennett tohe e te tikanga "te wātea o te matauranga e pā ana ki ngā wheako me whakaaro o ētahi atu iwi" te aroaro o te mahara. Ko te kaha ki te whakamahi i reo, me te whakaaro, kia rite ki "he tohu o te riro o te mahara", tamata te pūtaiao ki te whakamatau ariā whanaketanga o Darwin. whakamahia whakaaro me te ariā o te ora o te koutu o Darwin te rapunga whakaaro ki te whakamatau i taua tangata - te pai i roto i tenei rohe, no te mea taea ki te hanga me te tātai i te ngā tata ake nei te ariā he. Ka rite ki te hua, to tatou he "tautuhinga whakaae." tikanga o tēnei ariā e whakatikaia e tatou ki te kōkiri tino mau mana'o, whakaaro, e taea e whakatika ona mahi. feinga Intentionality ki te whakatutuki i te painga mōrahi hoki ratou, na ko reira kia rerekē te tino tonutia, engari i roto i te tahi atu āhuatanga o ona uara.

I roto i te whānui, titoa he tangata e o moroiti-Robots, e mahi ki te tūranga o te pūnaha o ngā rāpoi ngota. Ki te kararehe i tatou i roto i te noa "pehea te matauranga", i nei e whakamana mahi mihini i roto i te taiao. Ko te tangata kua he painga: ko reira taea ki te ui pātai me te whakaaro e pā ana ki enei matauranga aunoa, ki te whakarite ia ratou ki ētahi atu. A ka taea e koe tuku i tetahi mōhiohio ki tetahi atu tangata, reira whakaongaonga te feruriraa, me te whakawhanake i tāutanga whakaae. meatia tenei katoa e ki te awhina o kupu noa, e hanga i te rōpū hou "nodules" i roto i te uho kaka. I te tahi taime ki te tuku i te roro i te mahara nodules me te tapa whakamahi te tangata puna tuhituhia o ngā mōhiohio e riro te toronga rauemi o te whakaaro. Na reira, hoki te whakaaro kouma ko te rerekētanga nui, ka whakamahi i ngā puna rerekē o ngā mōhiohio kei te ngaro.

wāhi atu o te whakaata

Ko nga raruraru, e no ni'ai te Raniera Dennett, ngā tetahi whakaata: te intentionality o te tangata ka taea e te reira ki te kia rāwekeweke e tētahi atu. Na reira, he whai hua atu whakataetae interspecific ka i roto i te take o te huna o ngā mōhiohio tino. Ko te rautaki pai o te whanonga hei kōrero me te hautoa - ki te kōrero, huna etahi o nga kōrero mo te whakaaro ki o mahi i te nekeneke te tohunga. kia Taiao mo te tiaki o awerenga kaha nui, me te rohe mo te whakatinanatanga o te heke mai. Mai i tenei whai reira e ko te reira i te pakanga mo te ora riro te tuatahi, tuarua me te intentionality. Mai te hoariri / whakataetae ano he ona ake intentionality, huri i te reira i roto i taua whakawhirinaki to tatou whakataetae me te pakanga i runga i te whakakitenga mo te heke mai o tētahi atu tangata ranei te taiao i roto i nei whakataetae tatou. Hei "tātai" te whakaaro o te heke mai o tetahi tangata, kua me whakaurua koe i roto i te pūnaha tohu, e ko, ki te kia miscalculated tētahi. Ko te porowhita kati whakaritenga, ko Raniera Dennett, te mahara o i hoatu ara ki tenei ariā e kore e taea ki te totohe me te whakamārama he pēhea e riro te takenga mai o te taiao rongonui ano,. Na reira, ko te reira titau tonu te ariā tuatahi ngā whakapaitanga me te torutoru hononga ngaro i roto i te taha Darwinism me te mahara.

faaino mātauranga

I roto i tenei ariā, fakaongo e Richard Dawkins ana whakaaro, Steven Pinker ko te pato'iraa i roto i te pā ana ki te whakawa o Stephen Gould me Edvarda Uilsona. adaptationism tuwhena i roto i nga mahi i tuhituhi Daniel Dennett, kua hangaia he rota o te faaino i roto i metaphysicians. ka karanga ratou he taurite rawa me te iti rerekē i te rere tawhito o wāhitau kē tona huarahi. Ia pakeke rawa a noa faataa ariā pērā i "qualia" (te pūtake o te perception tangata o mea), me ētahi atu taonga matatini ake i roto i te ngakau. Te arohaehae sharpest ki Raniera - "mahara, whakangaromia te whakamārama."

Whakamārama o te hinaaro noa

Ti'aturiraa me haere noa o te whakaaro o te tangata - te ariā, ano nei ka whakatata te whakarongo o Daniel Dennett. Te tauatāina i roto i ona whakaritenga kihai whakaaro i te hi'oraa o te oraraa, engari i roto i ngā o te hiahia te tangata. fakatahai tēnei ariā reira ki determinism (hononga causal), whakapono e te māramatanga o te take ko te pūtake o te pai ai free. huaina ana tēnei aronga ko "compatibilism". Ko reira i oti rawa ia ki te mahi o Whatiānga Room.

He tika te whakaaro

E kore e te pūtaiao matau metaphysicians katoa, kukume tonu ana mahi he rota o te totohe pūtaiao me te tautohetohe. Ahakoa tenei, he māia i roto i ona whakaaro ia, me te mahi i runga i to ratou whakapai ake. Daniel Dennett, he hira i roto i atheists nei korukī, Ahatia iti kauhau, e lucidly me ki tauira tohe tona mata o te tirohanga i runga i te whakapono, me te karakia i roto i te whānui. whakahaere ia ngā hinengaro i roto i nga tohunga, me te i roto ia ratou, ko nga atheists kore e taea e te tangata e tona ringa ki te whakaae i te reira. I te wa ano aro ia te rerekētanga o te Atua, me te tipua, me āta he huinga o ārahi pātai e āwhina i te tautuhi e whakapono koutou e kore e ranei. Ko tētahi o nga mahi tata - Papua pūmanawa A Ētahi atu Utauta mō te whakaaro - mau a'oraa e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te ako ki te whakaaro rite te kaiputaiao. homai Daniel Dennett te tohutohu e whai ake:

• Whakamahia hape ki te whakahaere whakamātautau-whaiaro, me te kore ki te taka ki roto ki te hepohepo, me te puapinga kore.
• Ki te ui ki te parau "o te akoranga", e, kia rite ki te pūtaiao, tohu te invalidity o te meka me te hiahia o te kaikörero "Rawe" te whakarongo ngā mōhiohio teka rite hohoro rite taea.
• Hei faatura koutou hoa tauwhainga, ia faaohipa i te tika, me te aroha ki a ia, na ka mau ia koutou whakahē.
• Kia te whakautu ki ngā pātai kōrero.
• Whakamahia o whakawa te parau tumu o te heu a Occam, tapahi atu tikanga katoa, a ko te kupu whakaora i te ara hinengaro ki te whakamatau i te meka.
• Ratsioalno whakamahi i te wa i waho te maumauria reira i runga i tautohetohe horihori, rawa i runga i whenua wä.
• Kaua e whakamahi i te wā pērā i "psevdoglubina" Kei te hanga anake i runga i te kaupapa o te incomprehensibility o te whakawa, a kahore i runga i tona pono, i te tika.