General Dmitry Karbyshev, Hero o te Soviet Union: A Biography. Feat o General Karbysheva

Future Hero o te Soviet Union whanau Dmitry Karbyshev i roto i 1880 i roto i Omsk. I ia takenga kahurangi: mahi tona papa rite te āpiha hōia. A, no te mate te matenga o te whānau ka materoto, kua te tamaiti kua tau 12 anake tau, me te tiaki tango o hinga ki runga ki nga pokohiwi o te whaea.

tamarikitanga

puritia Family pakiaka Tatar ka no ki te rōpū iwi, me te karakia Kryashens e whakaae ana Ofotokisií, i te noa'tu o te take mai Turkic. hoki i te teina paari Dmitry Karbyshev. I te 1887 ka hopukina ia mo whai wāhi i roto i te kaupapa orurehau o ngā ākonga i University Kazan. ka hopukina Vladimir, ka kitea te utuafare iho i roto i te feaa.

Otiia, Dmitry Karbyshev taea ki te whakaoti i te Siberian Cadet Corps no o ratou mau taleni, me mau tautooraa. I muri i tenei institution mātauranga aru Nikolaev kura engineering. Reira ano whakakitea hoia taitamariki ia. I tonoa Karbyshev ki te rohe ki a Manchuria, te wahi mahi ia kia rite ki tetahi o nga rangatira i roto i te whakaminenga, te kawenga mō te telegraphy.

Ko te mahi i roto i te ope emepaea

I runga i te eve o te Pakanga Russian-Japanese, riro he āpiha teina te ana'iraa o te rūtene. Mai te timatanga o te pakanga patu, i tonoa Dmitry Karbyshev ki te tirotiro. whariki ia kōrero, kawenga hoki piriti kāwanatanga i te mua, a ka mau wahi i roto i te tahi mau whawhai nui. Ko te kupu, i kitea e ia ia i roto i te matotoru o te pakarutanga o te pakanga o mua.

I muri i te whawhai, ia poto noho i roto i Vladivostok, te wahi tonu ia ki te mahi i roto i te Ope Taua. I roto i te 1908-1911 gg. he āpiha whakangungua i te Nikolayev Military Engineering Academy. Oti te reira, ka haere ia ki Brest-Litovsk rite te rangatira, i reira whai wāhi ia i roto i te hanga o te Brest Pourewa.

Mai i enei tau Karbyshev i runga i nga rohe ki te hauauru o te whenua, ka kitea e ia ia i te mua o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao i te ra tino tuatahi o tona fanongonongo. I tū te nuinga o te ora o te rangatira i raro i te ārahitanga o te rongonui Alekseya Brusilova. Ko te Front Tonga-Western, te wahi a Russia i whawhai ki a Austria-Hungary, me rerekē te angitu. Hei tauira, whai wāhi Karbyshev i te hopu angitu o Przemysł, a i roto i Brusilov pakaruhanga. pau nga ra whakamutunga o te pakanga Karbyshev i te rohe ki a Romania, te wahi i mahi ai ia i roto i te whakapakari o ngā tūranga ārai. I roto i te akoranga o te maha nga tau i te mua, te whakahaere ia ki te kia koperea i te waewae, engari hoki tonu ki te pūnaha.

Haere ki te Army Whero

I roto i te Oketopa 1917, i roto i mua tukipoto, i muri i haere mai nga mua ki te mana. hiahia Vladimir Lenin ki te mutunga i te whawhai ki a Germany wawe tonu ki te anga o ratou ope katoa ki te whawhai hoariri ā-: kaupapa ma. Ki te mahi i tenei, ka anga reira he whakatö-nui, whakahau hoki te mana Soviet i roto i te ope.

Rite kitea Karbyshev ia i roto i nga rarangi o te Guard Whero. I roto i te reira, ko ia te kawenga mō te whakahaere i te mahi ārai, me te engineering. Rawa te rota o Karbyshev hanga i roto i te rohe Täingäwai, i reira i roto i te 1918-1919. rere ia te Front Eastern. Taranata me te kaha ki te kaipūkaha awhinatia te Army Whero ki te riro i te tunga i roto i te rohe, me te ki tonu tona mua ki te Urals. mutunga iho Karbysheva tupu mahi i roto i te whakarite o te 5 o Army o te Army Whero i te tetahi o nga tūranga ārahi. whawhai Civil, oti ia i roto i te Crimea, te wahi i ia te kawenga mō te mahi i roto i te engineering Perekop hono i te kūrae ki te tuawhenua.

I waenganui i nga Wars Ao

I roto i te mau taime o te rongo nga 20 me 30 matahiti rave Karbyshev i whakaako i roto i hunga pukenga hōia, me te ara ka he orometua. Wā, whai wāhi ia i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa hanganga nui o korero. Hei tauira, kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki "Raina a Stalin".

Mai te timatanga o te Pakanga Russo-Finnish i 1939 puta Karbyshev i te tari matua, te wahi i tuhituhi e ia tūtohutanga mo te ārai pakaruhanga Mannerheim Raina. He tau i muri mai ka e ia he Rūtene-Tianara me Doctor o Military Sciences.

I roto i ana mahi kairīpoata tuhituhi Karbyshev e pā ana ki 100 mahi i runga i engineering. E ai ki ngā pukapuka me te taonga whakaako rite maha tohunga Army Whero tika ki runga ki te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Rawa te rota o te wā i oti rawa ki te ako take whānui Karbyshev o horo ake nga awa i roto i papā patu. I te tau 1940 honoa e ia te CPSU (b).

whakarau Tiamana

He wiki ruarua i mua i te tīmatanga o te Pakanga nui Patriotic, i tonoa General Karbyshev ki te mahi i roto i te tari matua o te Ope 3. Ko ia i roto i Grodno - tata rawa ki te rohe. Ko konei i tonoa nga whiu tuatahi o te Wehrmacht ka te Pipiri 22, timata 1941 he mahi ki te blitzkrieg.

A ra torutoru i muri i karapotia te tari matua ope, me te Karbyshev. e kore te mea angitu E ngana ana ki te mawhiti i te kōhua, ka oma mamae atu te whānui i roto i te rohe Mogilev, e tata ana te awa Dnieper.

Kia i roto i te whakarau, ko ia he rota o kemi, te whakamutunga o i ko Mauthausen. General Karbyshev ko te mātanga rongonui, me te ki waho. Na reira nga Tiamana i te Gestapo me te SS tamata he momo o huarahi ki te riro i runga i ki tona taha kore āpiha roa taitamariki nei i taea e haere mōhiohio faufaa ki te tari matua German, me te āwhina Laisi.

whakapono nga kau Nasí e ratou ngāwari taea whakapati Karbysheva mahi ki a ratou. Ko te rangatira i te rangatira, mahi ia i roto i te ope tsarist mō tau maha. Ēnei āhuatanga haurongo taea mea e General Karbyshev - iwi tupurangi i roto i porowhita Bolshevik me koa hanga he mahi ki te Reich.

āpiha-tau 60-tau e rave rahi mau taime i roto i te kōrero whakamārama arahina ki nga mana e hāngai ana, engari kihai te tangata tawhito ki te mahi ki nga Tiamana. Ia wa, ia māia te whakaaturia e kua patua wikitoria te Soviet Union o roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao me nga kau Nasí. Tetahi o tona mahi kihai i mea i whati te herehere ngaro ngakau ranei.

I roto i te Hammelburg

I roto i te puna o 1942 Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich i whakawhitia ki Hammelburg. Ko te puni kukū motuhake mō rangatira riro. Here hoki ki a ratou te hanga i te tikanga ora tino whakamarie. Ko te kupu, tamata te kaiārahi Tiamana ki te riro i runga i nga rangatira nui-rangatira o te ope hoariri, i fana'o mana nui i te kāinga. I roto i te whawhai i roto i Hammelburg i tae mai e 18 mano herehere Soviet. i ia o ratou rarangi hōia tiketike. E rave rahi wahia iho i muri i mahue i te puni mate , a kitea ratou i roto i te wahi hāneanea me te watea o te mau herehere ana, i reira nga kōrero hoa ki a ratou. Heoi kihai i Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich ariu ki te maimoatanga hinengaro o te hoariri, a noho mateaki ki te Soviet Union.

Hoki whānui hoatu i roto i te tangata motuhake - Kānara Pelit. Ko tēnei rangatira o te Wehrmacht i te wa i mahi i roto i te ope o Tsarist Russia, me te mohio pai o te reo Russian. I tua atu, mahi ia ki a Karbyshevo i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao i roto i Brest-mua.

tamata hoa tawhito ki te kitea te whānuitanga o ngā huarahi ki a Karbyshev. Ki te whakakahore ia ki te mahi tika ki te Wehrmacht, ka tapaea Pelit taupatupatu ana ia, mo te tauira, ki te mahi rite te kōrero me te whakaahua i te ngā mahi hōia o te Army Whero i roto i te pakanga o nāianei. Heoi, e kore e taea e taua tono mahi i runga i te rangatira.

Ko reira ngā e tīmatanga hiahia nga Tiamana ki te Karbyshev tu reira i te matenga o te Russian Liberation Army, e te mutunga arahina te General Vlasov. Otiia i hanga auau tahi-kore te mahi: whakarerea te Wehrmacht tona whakaaro. Na i roto i Germany Kua tatari i te iti rawa e whakaae te herehere ki te mahi i roto i te Berlin rite te logistics mātanga tino.

I roto i Berlin

General Dmitry Karbyshev, kua titoa o relocations pūmau tona haurongo, ko tonu he kongakonga reka mo te Laisi, a kihai i nga Tiamana ngaro tumanako ki te kitea te reo noa ki a ia. I muri i te kore i roto i Hammelburg iritihia ratou te tangata tawhito i roto i te puritia mokemoke i Berlin, a puritia reira hoki e toru wiki i roto i te pouri.

I meatia tenei i runga i whakaaro ki te whakamahara Karbyshev e kia meinga e ia te patunga o te wehi i tetahi wa, ki te kore koe e hiahia ki te mahi ki a Wehrmacht. I te pae hopea, i tonoa te herehere ki te fiefanongó mo te wa whakamutunga. ka ui nga Tiamana mo te awhina o tetahi o nga tohunga tino i roto i to ratou engineering hōia. Ko Heinz Rubengeymer. Tenei tohunga pai-mohiotia i roto i te wā i mua i-pakanga, rite Karbyshev, mahi i runga i te pepa i runga i to ratou kōtaha whānui. Dmitry Mikhailovich ia tukinotia ia ki te faatura mohiotia rite te mātanga whai.

i Rubengeymer tona whiu taimaha tauira. Ki te whakaae Karbyshev ki te mahi, i taea te tiki e ia tona ake fare tūmataiti me te haumarutanga ōhanga tonu e tika ana ki te taonga o te kāwanatanga Tiamana. I tua atu, whakahere nga Engineers wāhi noa ki whare pukapuka katoa me pūranga i roto i Germany. taea te whai wāhi ia i roto i te akoranga ariā ranei ki te mahi i runga i ngā i roto i te mara o te engineering. Ko te kupu tukua Karbyshev ki te kohikohi i te kapa o tohunga-hoa mahi. e waiho te rangatira he rūtene-whānui i roto i te ope o te kāwanatanga Tiamana.

Karbysheva feat ko te meka i kapea e ia whakaaro katoa o te hoa whawhai, i roto i te noa'tu o te tahi mau nganatanga rawa tamau. whakamahia ki a ia he momo o tikanga o te taparuraa: te whakaweti, whakapati, kupu whakaari, me ētahi atu I roto i te mutunga, i whakaekea ia mahi ariā anake ... Ko Karbyshev kore noa i ki faaino Stalin me te ārahitanga Soviet. Katoa i hiahiatia o ia - ki te riro cog talangofua i roto i te pūnaha o te Tuatoru Reich.

Ahakoa ngā raruraru hauora, me te tau faahiahia, General Dmitry Karbyshev me tenei wa ka mea te kore u. I muri i taua, ko te kaiārahi Tiamana hoatu ana e ia ki runga, ka tuhituhia atu rite te tangata fanatically kanga take kopikopiko o mua. Whakamahia enei iwi hoki ratou ake take e kore e taea e Laisi.

Ki pakeke mahi

i whakawhitia Karbysheva o Berlin ki Flossenburg - kukū puni, i te wā e te whakahau nanakia, me herehere, kahore hauora arumanga kawhena i pakeke mahi. A, ki te tangohia nga toenga o ope o herehere taitamariki te mahi taua, ka taea e koe whakaaro pehea pakeke ko reira hoki Karbysheva pakeke, i ko kua whitu tekau.

Heoi, e kore ia ia noho i roto i Flyussenbyurge amuamu whakahaere puni i runga i ngā āhuatanga rawakore. I muri i te whawhai, ka mohiotia e te Soviet Union nga ingoa o nga marohirohi, kahore pakaru i roto i te puni kukū. Ko te whanonga maia o te whānui ka korerotia te maha herehere e kua tae mai ki a ia i runga i etahi mahi. Dmitry Karbyshev, he feat e mahia nga ra, kua meinga hei tauira ki te whai. Hare ki ia mariu whakataua herehere.

Nā ki te pūkenga kaiārahi o General whakawhitia i tetahi puni ki tetahi, kia e kore e whakaohokia reira ake nga hinengaro o te tahi atu herehere. Na haere ana ia katoa i runga i Germany, rite te tatini herehere tonu "wheketere o te mate".

Katoa marama, ka te rongo i te mua atu ohorere hoki te kaiārahi Tiamana. I muri i te wikitoria i Stalingrad, te mutunga ka mau te Army Whero te kaupapa i roto i to ratou ringa ake ka timata te counteroffensive i roto i te aronga te uru. A, no te whakatata te mua te rohe o mua whawhai-Germany, ka anga te hōneatanga akiaki o te puni kukū. mahi ngā kaimahi pakeke ki te herehere, a ka rere ki te whenua. I whānui tēnei mahi.

Te kohuru i Mauthausen

I roto i te tau 1945 ko Dmitry Karbyshev i roto i te puni kukū huaina Mauthausen. , I tū tenei institution rawa Austria, ka haere mai i raro i te whakaekenga i te hōia Soviet.

Hoki te tiaki o taua taonga e whakahoki tonu te stormtroopers SS. Ko ratou te hunga arahina te kohuru o herehere. I te po, no fepuare 18, 1945, kua kohia e ratou e pā ana ki te mano herehere, i roto nei ko Karbyshev. i huia ka tonoa ki te ua, te wahi i ratou i raro i nga awa o te wai tio nga herehere. Maturuturu i roto i te pāmahana arata'i ki te meka e maha kore noa ki te ngakau.

Herehere nei ora te wātū tuatahi o 'akau, homai underwear me tonoa ki te marae. Waho i hukapapa rangi. Herehere akiaki i roto i ngā rōpū iti. I maoro ka anga ratou ki te ringihia atu o te ngongo ahi o te wai tio-matao taua. General Karbyshev tu i roto i te mano, ka tohe hoa piri me whakaatu kahore wehi. tamata etahi ki te rere atu i a ratou ki te seti haupapa. i ka mau ratou, he mea patu ki te truncheons me hoki ana ki wahi. I roto i te mutunga, patua tata katoa, tae atu Dmitry Karbyshev. Ko ia 64 tau.

tūhuratanga Soviet

kua mohiotia nga meneti whakamutunga o te ora Karbysheva i whakawhetai kāinga ki te whakaaturanga o te Canadian Meiha, e whakahaere ki te ora i te po nō o te parekura o herehere o Mauthausen.

korero kongakonga kohia o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki o te General whakaraua te whakarau o tona maia rawa, me te lī'oa ki ohipa. I roto i August 1946, i te Rīpeka ia te tohu teitei o te whenua - te taitara o Hero o te Soviet Union.

I roto i te heke mai, ka uakina e te āhua hapori katoa urupa i roto i tona kororia. Ko reira ano hoki te ingoa o General huaina ara. tino ko te tohu matua Karbyshev i te rohe o Mauthausen. I te pae o te whakamahara i whakatuwheratia kukū puni mate, me te harakore whakamamaetia. Tenei ko te wahi i reira ko te tohu. Kua roaa Heroes o te Pakanga Patriotic nui o te Soviet Union i roto i to ratou rarangi tenei whānui uaua.

i ngā rongonui i roto i te wā kaumātua tona whakapakoko. Ko te take i tokomaha o nga tianara, mau ake i roto i nga puni kukū, ko reira uaua ki te hanga toa te whenua o. He tokomaha o ratou i panaia whakahekea hoki te kāinga, me te tatini atu ka repressed. whakairihia te tangata take Vlasov, etahi i roto i te he Kemi i utu o te wehi. Stalin ia i roto i te hiahia o te ahua parakore o te hero, e taea e meinga hei tauira mō whakatupuranga heke mai o te Ope.

tahuri te reira i roto i ki te waiho i te tangata, me te Karbyshev. Kei te maha tona ingoa te whitinga mai i runga i nga whārangi o niupepa. Popular ko Dmitry Karbyshev i te tuhinga: hoki i tuhituhi ai e rave rahi mahi. Hei tauira, Sergei Vasilyev, whakatapua ki General maau "tura". Ko tētahi atu herehere o Mauthausen, Yuri Pilar, ko te kaituhi o te haurongo toi o "Whakahonoretia" āpiha.

tamata pakeke mana Soviet ki rohi te feat Karbysheva. I te taua tuhinga NKVD Declassified tohu e kawea te tūhuratanga o tona mate i roto i hohoro a ki runga ki whakahau i runga ake. Hei tauira, i maiorooro me hē Canadian tohu Meiha St. Clair (kaiwhakaatu tuatahi). Mai i kore reira i mohio ki te maha kōrero e ka tupuria haurongo Karbysheva.

St. Clair, i runga i tona whakaatu ko te whakarau o te whānui mate, ka mate ia i te tau torutoru i muri i te pakanga i te hauora kua ururuatia. A, no te ui i te feia imi Soviet ia, ko ia kua marere. Otiia, i te tau 1948 oti te pukapuka e pā ana whakatapua ki te haurongo Karbysheva te kaituhi Novogrudski. I roto i te reira, ia tapiritia he rota o meka e pā ana ki i kore St. Clair whakahuatia.

Te kore faahaehaa te whanonga maia o nga tianara, tamata te kāwanatanga Soviet ki te kati ratou kanohi ki o ētahi atu rangatira nui-rangatira o te ope, e i whakamamaetia, ka patua i roto i nga ruma whakamamae o te Gestapo te whakarau. Tata ki te katoa o ratou kua patunga o te tau'a ore "poka" me "hoariri" o te kaupapa here a Stalin.