Haurongo Dalya Vladimira Ivanovicha: meka ngā me ngā whakaahua

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, tona haurongo ka e whakaahuatia i roto i tenei tuhinga, ko te aivanaa Russian, me te kaituhi. He ko he mema ōrite o te Ahupūngao me te Pāngarau Tari o te St Petersburg Academy o Sciences. Ko ia tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū 12 o te Society Geographical Russian. i mohio ahau i te iti rawa 12 reo, tae atu e rave rahi Turkic. Ia te pai mohiotia kawea kohinga "Fakamatala Dictionary o Reo Russian".

whānau

whanau Vladimir Dal, nei haurongo e mohiotia pai ki te pā katoa o tona mahi, i roto i 1801 i roto i te mea he inaianei Lugansk (Ukraine).

ko he Dane me te ingoa Russian ka mau Ivan ki raraunga Russian i roto i 1799 tona papa. mohio Ivan Matveevich Dal French, Kariki, Ingarihi, Yiddish, Hiperu, Latin, ko Tiamana, ko te rata me te teolosia. i na tiketike i karangatia ia e Catherine II Vinogradov ki St Petersburg ki te mahi i roto i te whare pukapuka marae tona aravihi reo. I muri mai, ka haere ia ki Jena ki te ako ki te waiho i te tākuta, ka hoki ia ki a Russia, a riro te raihana hauora.

I roto i te St. marenatia Petersburg Vinogradov Meri Freitag. i ratou 4 tamariki:

• Vladimir (b. 1801).
• Karl (b. 1802). Katoa tona ora mahi ia i roto i te Navy, i kahore tamariki. Tanumia i roto i Nikolaev (Ukraine).
• Paora (b. 1805). Mate ki te mate kohi, me te mea o te hauora rawakore o ora ki tona whaea i roto i Itari. a ia kahore tamariki. mate taitamariki ia, a tanumia i roto i Roma.
• Leo (tau o te whanautanga unknown). I patua e ia e kawe Polish.

mohio Maria Dahl 5 reo. Tona whaea ko he uri o te whānau tawhito o French Huguenots ka ako tuhinga Russian. Nuinga o ngā wā whakawhitia ia ki Russian nga mahi o A. V. Ifflanda ko S. Gessner. Ruau Marii Dal - pawnshop mōhiohio, he āteha Collegiate. I roto i te meka, ko reira i akina atu e ia te papa o te kaituhi i mua nei no te farii i te tikanga hauora, whakaaro reira tetahi o te pai tino.

ako

mātauranga Tuatahi Vladimir Dal, he haurongo poto i te mea i roto i te pukapuka o te tuhinga, i te kāinga. Ngā mātua mai i tamarikitanga tuu i roto ia ia i te aroha o te pānui.

I roto i te 13 tau, Vladimir, tahi ki tona teina tomo te St Petersburg Cadet Corps. I reira i whakaakona ratou 5 tau. I roto i te tau 1819, puta Dahl i ngā tūranga midshipman. Korero o te ako me te mahi i roto i te Navy, tuhituhi ia 20 tau i muri mai i roto i te aamu "Ensign Kihi, ivi nui, ranei titiro ki muri."

I muri te taviniraa i roto i te Navy tae noa ki 1826, ka tomo Vladimir te Medical Faculty o te University o Dorpat. roaa ia tona ora na roto i te hoatu haapiiraa o te reo Russian. Nā ki te kore o moni, i ia ki te ora i roto i te ruma i roto rawa fungavaka. E rua tau i muri mai, whakauru Dalia i ngā ākonga kazonnokoshtnye. Ka rite ki tuhituhi e ia tetahi o ana ngā kaituhi, "rumakina Vladimir ia i roto i ona akoranga." I roto i ngā, okioki atu nei ia ki runga ki te reo Latin. A mo tona mahi i runga i te rapunga whakaaro o tona i tae noa whakawhiwhia he mētara hiriwa.

Hei aruaru ana akoranga i ki te timatanga o te whawhai Russian-Turkish i roto i 1828. Ko te rohe Transdanubian o ngā take o te mate i pa mai nui haere, me te whakapakaritanga o te mahi hauora ope e hiahiatia ana. Vladimir Dal, he haurongo poto mohiotia nei tae noa ki kaituhi ke, ka materoto haere te whakamātautau mo te tākuta. I ui tona otr "I tikanga angitu craniotomy me te ulceration huna o nga whatukuhu."

mahi hauora

I roto i nga whawhai o te Polish me Russian-Turkish kamupene Vladimir whakamatauria e ia ia he tākuta hōia ngingila. I roto i te 1832, piri ia hei intern i St Petersburg hōhipera, me te hohoro ka pai mōhiotia ka whakaute i roto i te tākuta pa.

PI Melnikov (Dahl piokālafi) i tuhituhi: "Moving atu i mahi hāparapara, kihai i Vladimir Ivanovich waiho rongoā. kitea e ia he ma'unimā hou - homeopathy me Ophthalmology ".

ngā mahi hōia

Haurongo Dahl, he whakarāpopototanga o e whakaatu e kua tae tonu Vladimir ona whāinga, whakaahua ana te take ka whakamatauria te kaituhi ia rite te hoia. tupu tenei i roto i te matahiti 1831 i te whakawhitinga o General Ridiger puta noa te awa Vistula (kamupene Polish). Ua tauturu Dahl hanga he piriti mo reira, ka mau ia ia, a muri iho i te whakawhitinga - whakangaromia. Hoki mahi-kore o ngaahi fatongia hauora hāngai riro Vladimir Ivanovich te riri i ona rangatira. Otiia i muri iho whakawhiwhia te kingi te Vladimir whiti heke mai Pēhi.

Ko te kaupae tuatahi i roto i te tuhinga

Dahl, he haurongo poto i mohiotia pai ki tona uri, ka anga tona mahi tuhituhi ki te take. tito e ia he i tuhituhia, i runga i Craig - rangatira o te Moana Black tāruru me Yuliyu Kulchinskuyu - tana wahine noa-ture. I roto i mauheretia e Vladimir Ivanovich i roto i Mahuru 1823 mō te 9 marama. I muri i te wetenga o te marae, oho ia i Nikolaev ki Kronstadt.

I roto i te 1827 whakaputaina Dahl tona rotarota tuatahi i roto i te "Slav" makasini. A i roto i te 1830 whakatuwheratia reira rite te kaituhi i roto i te aamu "Gypsy", whakaputaina i roto i "Moscow Telegraph". Kia aroha mai, i roto i te kotahi tuhinga e kore e taea ki te korero i roto i te taipitopito e pā ana ki tenei hua whakamiharo. Ki te hiahia koe ētahi atu pārongo, ka taea e koe te tuku ki te mātauranga kaupapa. kia arotake o te pūrākau i roto i "Dal Vladimir:. A Haurongo" whakaemi hoki kaituhi o ngā tamariki te maha o ngā pukapuka. koa te angitu rahi "pervinka tuatahi" me "Pervinka atu."

Whakaaetanga me te hopu tuarua

Ka rite ki te kaituhi Vladimir Dal, tona haurongo he mōhiotia pai ki ngā ākonga katoa, i hanga rongonui i te pukapuka "tales patupaiarehe Russian", whakaputaina i roto i te 1832. karangatia Rector o Dorpat Institute tona ākonga o mua i te Tari o te tuhinga Russian. Buka o Vladimir tangohia rite he tuhinga whakapae mo te toketā i roto i te rapunga whakaaro. Na katoa i mohio e Dahl - kaituhi, Haurongo muimui e te. Otiia patua kino. paopao te mahi e te Minita o te mātauranga rite hārakiraki. Ko te take hoki tenei i te faahaparaa mōhiohio Mordvinova.

whakaahua ana Dahl haurongo tenei kaupapa mai. I te mutunga o 1832, i hanga Vladimir Ivanovich circumvention o te fare ma'i i roto i i mahi ai ia. ka haere mai te iwi i roto i te puka o, hopukia ia, ka tangohia e ia ki a Mordvinov. patua ana e ia te tākuta ki tawai faufau, a poipoia i roto i te mua o tona ihu, "tales patupaiarehe Russian", ka tonoa ki te whare herehere i te kaituhi. Vladimir awhinatia Zhukovsky, nei i te wa ko te kaiako o Alexander - te tama a Nicholas I. Zhukovsky whakaahuatia te kainga ki te torona o katoa tupu e kua, i roto i te marama o te paki, whakaahua Dahl rite te tangata haehaa, me te pūmanawa, whakawhiwhia mētara me whakahau o te mahi hōia. i whakakikitia e Alexander tona papa ki te absurdity o te āhuatanga, me te tukua Vladimir Ivanovich.

Friendship ki Pushkin

Kei Tetahi biography whakaputaina o Dahl wā tūhura i te rohipehe nui. toutou i korero Zhukovsky ki Vladimir e ka whakamōhio ia ki a Pushkin. Ko ngenge o te tatari Dahl, a ka mau te kupu o te "tales patupaiarehe Russian" e kua mawehe atu i hoko, tukuna ki Aleksandru Sergeevichu haere i runga i to ratou ake. Pushkin, i roto i te whakautu, rawa, hoatu Vladimir Ivanovich pukapuka - "Te Tale o te tohunga, me o tana Workman Balda". Ko te kupu ka anga ratou auhoaraa.

I te mutunga o 1836, ka tae Vladimir Ivanovich i St Petersburg. tae mai Pushkin ia rave rahi mau taime, a ui e pā ana ki te kitenga reo. rongo rawa nui Poet i kupu Dahl "vypolzina". auraa te reira i te kiri, tautuhi anō nei te i muri i makariri nakahi, me nakahi mua. I roto i te tere i muri o Alexander Dahl ka mea, tuhu ki tona koti: "Well, ki te toku vypolzina pai? e kore ahau e ahau i roto i o reira hohoro kuhu mā. Ka tuhituhi ahau ki a ia masterpieces "ko tenei koti i roto i te a Tūkorehu. I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te meinga te mauiui faufaa o te punake patua, "vypolzinu" i otporot. E te ara, whakaahua ana tenei take ara te haurongo o ngā tamariki a Dahl.

I whai wāhi i roto i te penei i te patunga e mate o Alexander Vladimir, ahakoa kahore whanaunga o te rohi pehe i fakaafe'i Dalia. Ako e tetahi tino whara, ka haere ia ki reira ia. i karapotia Pushkin e te torutoru tākuta pai. I tua atu i Ivana Spasskogo (tākuta whānau Pushkin) me te marae rata Nikolaya Arendta tae e toru atu mātanga. Alexander Dahl fiefia oha a riria e ui, "atu ki te pono ki ahau, Kei te haere ahau ki te mate hohoro," ka mea a Vladimir ngaiotanga, "Te ti'aturi nei matou e, ka hei mea katoa pai, me te kore koutou kia hepohepo." Ngaueue ana te pehe tona ringa, a haamauruuru ia.

Te riroraa i i te matenga o Pushkin hoatu Dahl he mowhiti koura ki te emerara, ka mea: ". Vladimir, tango i te taonga manatunga" A, no te ngaueue te kaituhi tona matenga, korerotia Alexander: "Tangohia reira, e toku hoa, e kore e whakaritea kua ahau ki te tuhituhi." I muri, i tuhituhi Dahl e pā ana ki tenei mea homai o V. Odoyevskiy "pehea titiro ki tenei mowhiti, kia tika e hiahia ana ki te hanga i te tahi mea tika." Dahl tae mai te pouaru o te rohi pehe ki te whāinga, ki te hoki mai te mea homai noa. Otiia kihai i Natalia farii i te reira, e mea ana, "Kahore, Vladimir, e koutou rite te taonga manatunga. Na ano, e hiahia ana ahau ki te hoatu ki a koe ia he matā tona koti wero ". Ko he-vypolzina koti whakaahuatia i runga.

te faaipoiporaa

I roto i te 1833, Dahl haurongo tohua e te kaupapa nui: ka mau i te reira ki te wahine Yuliyu Andre. E te ara, i mohio fakafo'ituitui ia Pushkin ia. Ratou ongo o mōhio ki te rohi pehe Huriu tukua i roto i pukapuka ki E. Voronina. oho Vladimir ko tana wahine ki a Orenburg, te wahi whanau i ratou e rua tamariki. I roto i te 1834, he tama, Leo, a i muri i te 4 tau - te tamahine Julia. I te āpiha whakawhiti Dahl whānau ki te whakatinana i ngā tohutohu motuhake i te kawana VA Perovsky.

Uitou, marena ano Vladimir i roto i te tau 1840 ki Ekaterina Sokolova. Na ka whanau ki te kaituhi o toru nga tamahine: Maria, Olga ko Catherine. Last tuhituhi ahau haamana'oraa o tona papa, i whakaputaina nei i roto i te "Russian Gazette" makasini i roto i 1878.

taiao

I roto i te 1838, mo te kohinga o ngā kohinga o te wao nui a o te mata Orenburg Dahl i pōtitia he mema ōrite o te Academy o Pūtaiao i te Tari o Sciences Natural.

papakupu whakamārama

Tangata e matau ana te haurongo o Dahl, e matau ana e pā ana ki te mahi matua o te kaituhi - "Dictionary". A, no te kohia e ia, ka tukatuka te aroaro o te reta "P", hiahia Vladimir Ivanovich ki te mutu, ka tokanga tino i runga i te mahi i runga i tona brainchild. I roto i te tau 1859, oho Dahl ki Moscow, a noho ana i roto i te whare o Prince Shcherbaty, e tuhituhi te "History o te kāwanatanga Russian." I roto i tenei whare kua haere matou i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te mahi i runga i te papakupu, i te hemo tonu i te rōrahi.

Dahl kua te mahi, e taea te whakahuatia i roto i rua faahitiraa: "People reo ora me riro i te taonga me te puna mo te whanaketanga o te reo Russian matatau"; "Noa whakamāramatanga, kaupapa me kupu - he mea kaore e taea, me te memeha." Na te kaupapa o te rā, me te māmā, na ko reira uaua. Whakamārama me te tuku kupu ki ētahi atu nui atu marama tetahi whakamāramatanga. A ka āwhina i nga tauira whakamārama i te mea atu. "

Hei whakatutuki i tenei kaiwetereo whāinga nui Dahl, tona haurongo kei roto i maha mātauranga tuhituhi, pau '53. Ko e me'a ia te papakupu Kotlyarevsky tuhituhi: "Literature, kua riro pūtaiao Russian me te hapori katoa he tohu tika o te nui o to tatou iwi. ka waiho mahi a Dahl te whakapehapeha o whakatupuranga heke mai. "

I roto i te 1861, whakawhiwhia te nene'iraa matamua o te papakupu o te Society Geographical Imperial Vladimir Ivanovich Konstantinovsky mētara. I te tau 1868 ka pōtitia ia hei mema hōnore o te Academy o Sciences. A, i muri i te whakaputanga o nga pukapuka katoa o te papakupu riro Dahl te Lomonosov paraihe.

tau tata nei

I 1871, i mate, me te karangatia i runga i tenei take o te tohunga Siu te kaituhi. i Dahl tenei no te mea ua hinaaro ia ki amu i roto i te rite Siu. Ie ia i mua tata tahuri ki he 'Ofotokisií mate.

I roto i te Mahuru 1872, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, nei haurongo kua whakaahuatia i runga, kua mate. I tanumia ia ki tona wahine i roto i te urupā Vagankovsky. E ono nga tau i muri mai i reira tukua ki te whenua, me tana tama, Leo.