He aha kua meinga te hiahia mō te pūnaha whakahou mandative? Ko te āhuatanga matua o te papa'i parau mana

puka karanga pōtitanga o te kāwanatanga - he āhuatanga ahurei i roto i te hītori o te tufaa Russian. Kua tipu tēnei pūnaha i runga i rua rau tau, me te i te wāhi nui i roto i te haapuairaa i o tufaa Russian. He aha kua meinga te hiahia mo te whakahou o te pūnaha mandative aha kua reira ngaro tona auraa - tai'o i raro.

Ko te putanga o whakahau

Ko Mātauranga pūnaha whakahaere mandative i te mutunga o te rau tau 15. Te kore o te ruruku i waenganui i mana ā-rohe e kore i taea e whakarato i te mana kāwanatanga tamau i runga i ngā rohe nui, me te mamao. Ko te hunga pūtahi e kua oti i hanga i taua wa, kihai i whai i te mārama-tapahia mau ohipa. I waenganui hononga noa, me te taupetupetu i waenganui i nga rohe rerekē fiefdoms mo te wa poto i reira i "whakahau", te kore i huaina "marae" ranei "whare". i herea ratou mahi ki te mahi o te tikanga o te mana nui rawa. Rangatira te tikanga tukua he tikanga ngā - "kia" - ana boyars ki te whakatinana me te aroturuki. Ko e kupu'i lea "kia i roto i te raupapa" i roto i aua ra auraa ki kia i tiaki o te ako tika o te rangatira, me ki te aroturuki tona whakatinanatanga.

whakahau kawenga

Ko te meka i rawa te peroo nga mahi o nga whakahau o mua, kia rite ki te meka e whai ake nei:

- māhorahora whakahau rerekē o te wā poto o te mahi;

- ngā tuhinga taumai ki etahi iwi, me te kore o tetahi whare;

- tikanga o whakahau mahi i runga i te pera-ka karanga "mau ture", na reira ko kahore he turanga hanganga ture noa e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi mārama, me te unambiguous o whakahau, na - heke tōtika o te kāwanatanga.

Ko te take matua mō te te mea i meinga e te hiahia ki te ripeneta i te mandative pūnaha tenei.

Ko te whakahau tuatahi

ka whakatika nga pūtahi tuatahi ki nui atu iti iho ranei mārama mau ohipa tūmatanui i roto i te rau tau waenganui-16. pūnaha whakahaere karanga pōtitanga i Russia i te mutunga o te rau tau XV-XVII. Ka taea te whakarōpūtia te reira e te papa whenua rohe mahi whenua ranei.

whakarōpū o whakahau

Ko te kāwai tuatahi taea te pēnei whakahau, i roto i tiaki o te whare me ngā take pūtea. Tenei te matua i te raupapa Palace, i he mana ki te pupuri i te ōhanga o Prince, i kingi ai ia ki nga whenua, me te iwi nei i te kawenga mō te oranga o Palace o te Prince. Order o te Treasury nui i roto i tiaki o te kohinga o takoha hāngai , me te minted moni, whakahau Huntsman i tiaki o rāhui me te papa whenua hopu o Prince me ētahi atu.

Ko roto i te tiaki o te whakahaere hōia, me te ki te whakarite tira o te rangatira te kāwai tuarua. hanga Fletcher nga whakahau, patu, Pushkarsky me manene, me te tahi atu.

Ko te kāwai tuatoru o whakahau motuhake mahi pai io mo ture. Order Local mahi i roto i whakawa taonga, lackeys, Rogue (i muri mai - i te kairapuhara) i roto i te tiaki o herehere, me te take pirihimana taihara, me whakahau Zemsky ki pirihimana me te tirotiro ture i runga i te taupori o Moscow.

Ko te tuawha rōpū - nga mana ā-rohe. tupu haere te maha o whakahau kawanatanga, me te rohe ki te tokomaha piri ki nga rohe Russian. Heoi, i reira he whakahau quaternary - Ryazan, Vladimir, Dmitrov, a muri mai - Siberian, Little Russian, me ētahi atu.

fakatahai te rima te kāwai te motuhake mana. Hei tauira, i reira ko te tikanga Stone, ko wai i te kawenga mō te hanga o ngā whare kohatu, Yamskaya, te kawenga mō te mēra. Mai i reira i te wā te nene◊iraa, kaiwhakaranu e, karere me ētahi atu whakahau.

Ko te rōpū te ono o whakahau i roto i te tiaki o ngā take hahi. Tenei i taea e ngā te tikanga Monastic, te marae patereareha me ētahi atu.

Hononga i waenganui i nga whakahau rerekē i hanga e noa, e kore kua he mārama tohatoha o ngā kawenga kua mahi i roto i. kihai i taea e ētahi whakahau hoatu tohutohu ki ētahi atu. Hei whakarite i enei hononga i hanga e na roto i te whakakotahi whakahau, e taea te wehea ki te maha whakahau nui, me te ki tohu. Ko te kupu, ko te tikanga Ambassadorial timata ki 70 o te rau tau 17 ki te peresideni i te Little Russian me Novgorod. kihai i whakamutunga whakamutunga o nga mana o te tikanga - i roto i te akoranga o te wā i taea e fanau ia hei kautaha motuhake ki te huinga motuhake o ngā mahi.

pūtea o whakahau

te pütea te nuinga kōpeka pūnaha whakahaere karanga pōtitanga. i tangohia hoki e te pūtea pakihi o nāianei i te tetahi wāhi, e kohia taea te neke takoha mō ngā take takitahi moni i te tahi atu whakahau, ki te hanga i takoha motuhake ranei. Ture o kapewhiti kawea i roto i taua ota rite whakaakona ki te takotoranga moni, kia kohinga te ui ki o te moni, me te pera i runga i. Ko tētahi atu whakahoki ki te pātai o te mea i meinga te hiahia mō te pūnaha whakahou mandative riro tino kapewhiti whakama me maioro i roto i ngā o nga whakahau.

whakahounga o Pita

Neke atu i te wa, ka anga te pūnaha whakahaere riti i roto i Russia ki mahi "i raro ia", tono atu me te ake rauemi, me katoa ki iti pānga. Ko te hanganga o Pita whakakapi ahau nga whakahau papa tawhito e whakaatu āhuatanga motuhake, he mārama wehewehe te-ture, whakahaere me te mana ture. kua katoa e i meinga e te hiahia mō te pūnaha mandative whakahou kia haere ki roto ki te mua, me ki te whakataki o ngā hou o te whakahaere, i haere ki a Russia ki te haere mai ki te mana o te kingi-reforomatio.