He aha meinga te hanganga o poua aeolian? Ko te tukanga o te hanga i te tanga

I raro i te awhina mahino hanga te mata o to tatou paraneta, whakaaro nei i roto i te pā ana ki te taumata etahi. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ko reira te kōtītiti katoa o te whenua, te moana, me te papa moana. E kitea e ratou rahi, tau, me te hītori o te whanaketanga momo rerekē o te te tauturu.

He mea nui rawa ki te whakaaro tenei i roto i te wāhanga hoahoa me i roto i te hanga o te rori, tereina me ētahi atu whatunga. te tauturu āhuatanga (maunga, pukepuke, flat, me te pera i runga i. d.) nui pā te nui o te mahi, me te utu.

Movement o poua

Kua wehea kōtītiti katoa whenua ki:

1. Mountain. Tenei hangawhenua tihi-āhua, tiketike i runga ake i te whenua a tawhio noa. huaina te keokeonga o te maunga ko te tihi, e taea e whakapeka rānei ranei tango i te puka o te pae (te mania). Ko te mata lateral o taua teiteiraa ngā o te Roha. Ko aho, e tohu i nga maunga hononga ki te whenua e karapoti ana, he turanga kapu ranei.

2. karikari. Tenei puka o te tauturu ritenga te maunga, me te ko te whārua kati. Ko te wāhi i raro o te poka i huaina iho. E noho ana te papa taha pērā i ngā takotoranga whenua, me te aho o te hanumi ki te rohe a tawhio noa - rae.
3. tupuke. Ehara i te mea tetahi mea, engari te pukepuke, totoro i roto i tetahi aronga, a āta whakaiti i roto i te teitei. awhe katoa i rua Aharoto, e hanumi i te tihi, hanga o te wai kei te aho.
4. Dell. Taua poua ritenga tupuke. E elongated ratou, iho tonu rawa e he tuwhera i tetahi pito. Dell E rua rōnaki tūhono ki te raina wai kei, rere haere te raro o tenei mātauranga. He tauira o te puka taua taea te mahi raorao me te Gully. I roto i te take tuatahi e taea e maua te korero o te tuwhera whanui, he flat, titahatanga pūreirei-hipoki. Ko faufaa rerekē i te te hanganga taua Gully. Ko te awaawa kuiti, e he pari matapuna me kahore pūreirei.
5. Whakanohoia. Tenei wahi tīmata i roto i ngā rohe hanumi te Roha me takoto i waenganui i rua maunga pātata. I te tahi taime Kei te nohoanga kei i runga i te pae o te hanumi tihi tupuke. I tona rohe, rite ki te tikanga, kei te faaineine iwi te ara hīkoi rori ranei, karanga haere ratou. Mai i te nohoanga whakawhānui i roto i te ritenga tohutohu he aramona.

Ko te matua katoa o nga momo runga ake o te te tauturu.

Methods mātauranga

Ko te tanga mata - te kōtītiti koropuku piko ranei motuhake, e taea te kite i runga i te whenua. Ko tōna puka rerekē i roto i te rahi me te takenga. Ko te kupu, no ngā i runga i to tatou paraneta whenua pāhiwihiwi katoa ki mega, moroiti, meso me mitanano-te tauturu. Ano, i taea te meinga ratou hanganga i tukanga wai-erosive ranei puia, glacial ranei Karst, nekeneke aeolian ranei. Ia o enei huarahi ko te tetahi momo o te kaupapa o te pūngao me te mea i roto i nga hohonu te mata o te kirinuku ranei.

Momo tukanga tanga-hanga

āhuatanga katoa e awe te hanganga o te mata o to tatou paraneta, e wehea ki endogenous me exogenous. Ahakoa te rerekētanga, he tahi ratou tonu. Heoi, ko te tūranga meatia o tetahi o ratou, tei runga i te āhuatanga o te awhina i roto i te tahi mau wāhi.

No nia i te āhuatanga exogenous, ratou puta tonu i runga i te mata o te whenua. Kapinga o taua tukanga - te wahi runga rawa o te oneone. Tenei tanga āhuatanga hanganga pēnei i te horo whenua, me te ngau huarere, abrasion me denudation, te pānga o kōpaka me t. D. Okú te pānga rite mahi faufaa o kaiao, mahara, me te mana o te pūngao radiation kōmaru. āhuatanga exogenous e pā i runga i te kahu o runga o te kirinuku o te whenua ki te hanga i, rite ki te tikanga, meso- me microforms mata. He tika ki to ratou pānga iti i runga i te hanganga arowhenua o te ao tenei.

E hanga e poua nui rite ki te hua o te rongo ki ngā āhuatanga endogenous. ngā tukanga e puta ana te reira i roto i nga whekau o te whenua, e kua meinga e te kaha tō me te pūngao ā. whakatika poua Meiha tika ki etahi take puta rite ki te hua o te huringa o to tatou paraneta. Pehea e taea whakaatu tukanga endogenous? fokotuu ratou aroaro ki a tatou nga mahi o puia paru, magmatism, nekehanga nekeneke, me pera i runga i. D. A kua meinga katoa o enei tohu i te mana o te pūngao ngāwhā o te ao hua i te pirau iraruke puta i roto i te koroka. Ko reira utu mea e te tukanga endogenous o kirinuku o te whenua wehea ki e rua ngā momo - te moana, me te continental.
Pānga o te pūngao wera ā-ai kaupapa o te lithosphere. Tenei tino taui te mahere te tauturu. he hanga e me puninga, pukepuke, me depressions o te kahu o runga o te kirinuku o te whenua.

He aha e nga tauira o te awhina i hanga e te mahi o ngā tukanga endogenous? Tuatahi o te katoa, ko reira te mau hape o te kirinuku o te whenua. rerekē ratou i roto i te rahi me te āhua, me te te wa o te hanganga. Ko te hohonu o enei mau hape - he poraka nui o ite te displacement whakapae, me te poutū. E mea pinepine tautuhia Fokotu'utu'u o te mau fenua. poraka nui o te kirinuku o te whenua kei te mooni î ki hara iti. Nuinga maha ko reira te awa raorao, maunga me raorao. Na katoa o enei puka, rite ki te tikanga, kia he kaupapa poutū hou i roto i rānei aronga. Ko te kupu, Upland, ai whakaritea Kurskaia, Voronezh Belgorodskaia rohe, me te kua he tere aranga tonu o 4 ki te 6 mitamano ia tau. Ko te Oka-Don mania, i runga i te anga ke, kua mahue. Ko te tere o tenei tukanga moni ki te 2 mm. kia mea te reira e e tata hono te mahere whenua me te arowhenua o kirinuku o te whenua. kitea nekehanga tahito o to tatou poraka paraneta e i roto i te āhua o te tupu i roto i a ratou kamaka.

Ki te rā, tetahi o nga take e pa ana i te huringa i roto i te tairanga, ko te mahi ohaoha tangata. He he he pānga tika i runga i kirinuku o te whenua i roto i keri, i roto i te hanga, me te i roto i te whanaketanga o te mara mo te maara o ngā hua ahuwhenua.

mahi hau

Mārakerake ki te rere o te hau papatipu ki te taiao, ko te whaikörero. te hau me te manawa-mahi ko te take e he pānga ngā nui i runga i te rohe o koraha one. Various roughness mata whenua i roto i tenei take te tango i te wahi i roto i te hononga ki te mahi o te tukanga deflation. Tenei pupuhi o te papatipu onepu.

Ano, puta ratou whakawhiti me te waipara atu (whakaeminga). Ko te hunga ngā takotoranga whenua e hanga e rite ki te hua o te hau, e huaina aeolian. A e kore ko tenei maere, rite Aeolus - te ingoa o te tawhito Kariki atua o te hau. He aha te mea te take o tenei momo o te whenua? Kei te hanga e te reira i raro i te mana o te tukanga e whai ake nei:
- deflation - e pupuhi ana te oneone wewete;
- Corrosion - huri me te huri mira rākau;
- whakawhiti o awa rangi oneone;
- te haaputuputuraa o rauemi.

Kei te pā hāngai tere Wind ki te whakawhiti o nga matūriki oneone, kei i mata o te whenua. Ko te kupu, ina kia whakakorikoria ai te rere papatipu rangi mo te kotahi tuarua i te tawhiti o 4,5-6,7 mita ki purapura onepu 0.25 mm. I terenga teitei (11,4-13 m / s), ka taea e te nui e ki runga ki te 1.5 mm.

Forms te tauturu deflationary

Tukanga pupuhi oneone wewete maha puta i runga i te whenua parahua hoatu ki runga ki te pāmu. He aha meinga te hanganga o poua aeolian i roto i tenei take? tukanga deflation Ko e tika ana ki te mate o te hanganga i roto i te pararopi pae parau hua i roto i te wā roa. tīmata ngāwari oneone kia whakatangihia, te whānuitanga o tenei āhuatanga ki te tae 125 tana ia heketea. tukanga deflation tango wahi i roto i te rohe Central Black Earth Russian. Hei tauira, i roto i 1967 i roto i te tonga o te Voronezh rohe ngaru tupuhi puehu wahia e pā ana ki 60 tana te heketea o te oneone.

Whakaahuatanga o te wāhi te tauturu i roto i nei i reira te wāhanga i whakaritea e otaota, ko te whakarerekētanga o peihana deflation me he i waenganui pātaki. Tenei whenua pūkoro pera-ka karanga o onepu i hanga e te tini rangi tauutuutu tohutohu i deflation kōhikohiko o matūriki oneone. A, no te riro heitiki āhua hau paturuhia peihana, me te whai i te tetahi takotoranga. E huaina ratou e whai ake: akoranga poka one aeolian. E ki runga ki te whitu tekau mita hohonu te puka taua nui rawa. E maha kitea ratou i roto i Arapia, te wahi e huaina ratou fuldzhi.

Puka tanga ha'iriiri

puhia papatipu kawe o te onepu maha waha i te huri, me te waha i te huri atu nga paparanga mata o te kamaka, e kua kitea i roto i te ara o ratou kaupapa. I roto i tenei take, te hanganga o:
- niches ha'iriiri;
- "pou kohatu";
- aeolian "harore kohatu".

Ki te whakaaro ki niches waikura, ratou mātauranga e wahi, rite ki te tikanga, i roto i te kamaka ngāwari destructible. Ko ratou hoki tauira, marls me sandstones. Ki te hipoki toka wewete ki te pūrerehu, na reira ko te hanganga o "harore kohatu" ranei "pou kohatu". E mea maere i roto i ona ngā takotoranga whenua ataahua. kia rite ratou amo, pourewa me harore.

Kia pehea te hanga e te reira tenei miharo tūturu? kawea atu Air puranga ki tona awa iti o ngā hua huarere,, me te whakaeminga kakapa o te rauemi wewete. Nui i roto i te papatipu hōkai o te onepu i whakapā ki te kamaka. I roto i tenei take i te matūriki oneone mahi hei rauemi auaha. i orohina ai ratou i orohina ai te toka mata. Ko te hua o taua pānga, me he rawe ki puka eolian rite pou me harore.

I te tahi taime pupuhi te hau i roto i te rauemi wewete o te peihana katoa. Tenei hanga porotītaha ranei a tawhio he maha ngā tekau ki te maha rau o mita puta noa. I te tahi taime deflation peihana rite te moa. Na kua karangatia e ratou yardang. Kei te maha ēnei awaawa i hanga i te rori ranei atu hanganga ki āhuatanga elongated.

puka Whakaemiemi

Tetahi o te rere o te hau papatipu he tona kaha, te mana, me te waiwai. Ko te tohu tuatahi e faaite te nui o te onepu i te mea e taea ki te neke i tēnei kaha hau. takoto Power te i te maha tūturu o matūriki oneone-whanau. Na he aha te mea te waiwai o te hau? Tenei ōwehenga te mana me te kaha airflow. Hoki ngā uara iti o tenei tawhā puta deflation, a mo te nui - Whakaemiemi. A feruri i te mahi o te whakamutunga o ratou.

He aha meinga te hanganga o ngā momo aeolian o momo Whakaemiemi o te tauturu? te hau mahi matūriki katoa kawe onepu taua. A, no te i roto i te ara o te puranga taua tutaki Bush tetahi atu fakafaingata'a'ia'anga, ka he navevaniya puke ranei. tino e hipokina onepu piki te tipu.

He tauira ngā o te manawa i hanga e te tukanga whakaeminga. Otiia i roto i ona ahua katoa e wehea ki e rua momo:
- ahopou;
- ripeka.

Na roto i te puka ahopou ngā tupuke onepu, kua karangatia e hoki nei te onepu pāhiwihiwi. Ko e tika ana ki te mahi o te hau i roto i te ahunga tamau ratou hanganga. Tenei tukanga ai te onepu whakatangi i nisin ki tuku tukutahi reira ki i hanga ki te teiteiraa tupuke ranei. Wä, i reira te mea he kaupapa o matūriki oneone ki te nekehanga hau me te hiwi, reira tawharara te puka tonu.

I roto i hake ngā eolian Whakaemiemi he taipū, me mekameka taipū barkhan. Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.

taipū

I roto i te koraha maha kitea āhua pukepuke heitiki, e tohu ka whakahaua ki te pānga matua o papatipu rangi nga tihi o nei. Ko te taipū tenei. He aha meinga te hanganga o poua aeolian o tenei momo? te taua mahi katoa o te hau. Taipū i titahatanga hangarite. Ko tōna taha papatahi ki te kanohi i te taha Windward, me te pari - ki tātou. Taipū - he puka pūkoro o te tauturu one. He puhoi, engari on ratou kaupapa. I roto i te tau, ko reira 50-60 mita. I roto i te Karakums Ko tino teitei tenei tere. Ko 12 mita i roto i te marama whakamutunga.

He aha meinga te hanganga o poua aeolian o tenei momo? O te akoranga, te mahi o nga hau auau, me te kaha. Heoi, i reira e etahi atu āhuatanga i raro i te mana o e reira he taipū. Ko ētahi o ēnei:
- he nui iti o te rerenga;
- kaha HUARERE tinana o toka whenua;
- he tau iti ranei ngaro katoa o te otaota.

i hanga he tanga rite i roto i tetahi mau huru? Desert āhuarangi, pārūrū me ahopae hitahita ko te tino hāngai ki te putanga o te taipū. Ko te tiketike o nga ngā onepu, rite ki te tikanga, he kore neke atu i te waru mita. Ko etahi o te tino whānui o e taea whakatika ake ki te 40 m.

barkhan mekameka

Tenei poua aeolian e whakatika i runga i te mata o te tupuke takitahi whenua. tohu ratou e rave rahi taipū tauta. maha kei Whakaahuatanga o te tanga o tenei momo te tohu o te aroaro o nga tohu o koangiangi, kei nei i runga i te titahatanga Windward. He iti, whakarara awa onepu whakahaua, ko tona tiketike kei roto i te whānuitanga o 2-5 cm enei. Ko te ahua o nga tohu o koangiangi meinga e te wiri o te papatipu rangi.

taipū

I roto i te koraha kore-pārūrū he maha taea ki te mau i te hanganga o ngā puka aeolian hake. taipū te reira. I raro i te mahi o te hau e taea te tango i taua ngā me Tiro roa. I te tahi taime rite taipū tona ngakau taipū ahua. Heoi, i roto i te rerekē, i te "haona" o taua ngā whakahaua ki te hau. I roto i te takiwa whakahuahua rite taipū i huaina unahi.

He aha atu e poua aeolian? Ko ētahi o ēnei hunga taipū e e taupuhipuhi nei me te pyramidal. He ngā rite nga nui rawa o te Aeolian. Ka taea te kite ratou i roto i Central Asia, me i roto i te Sahara. E hanga e taipū Pyramidal ina pupuhi hau i roto i ngā tohutohu rerekē. I te tahi taime tae enei momo i te teitei o 150 mita. Okioki ana ki te taipū e hanga e tata nga pae maunga. Ko te huarahi one ahurei tenei, faauruhia e te tini rangi i runga i te taha. Okioki ana ki te taipū maha i te teitei o 200 m.

Ētahi atu mātauranga aeolian

E mea pinepine te nekeneke o te oneone matūriki rohe otaota, kei runga i te rohe o to ratou tohatoha. Na, i roto i te aroaro o paparanga ngaa kararehe onge e hanga e one pukepuke. I roto i nga awaawa one, me te i runga i te rohe i reira e Kuchugury. Tenei pera-ka karanga kapua whakapipi Sands.

I runga i te rohe o nga whenua maroke horapa onepu kore anake, engari ano hoki kamaka me te paru koraha. Hea ka taea e koe mau i te hanganga o ngā ngā o deflation. Ko te kupu, Kei te maha hipoki haurangi o toka i roto i te koraha kohatu ki te wanihi koraha pera-ka karanga. Ko te kirinuku anaana i hanga kia rite ki te hua o rongoā saline kohatu tuhi capillary. Te nuinga pea wāhi i roto i tenei tukanga me te moroiti-kaiao, te tutonu i waihā me waikura o rino, konupora me te tahi atu huānga.

I runga i te mata o koraha paru he momo loess. Ko hanga aha te te awhina i roto i tenei rohe o kati depressions pāpaku ki raro flat. Takyrs karanga taua hanganga. hipoki ratou mata i te mudcake, i tuwhaina e te whatunga katoa o kapiti. I roto i te onge ua takyrs piki i roto i te wai, te kahu taatiraa o te runga.

Hoki te tauturu me rohe maroke e āhuatanga e peihana pana i te wai. anake whiwhi i roto i a ratou e kore ruma mo te putanga. kia whakawhānui kōwhao rite hoki rau o kiromita, pa tonu te hohonu o 200 m. taea te kite taua ngā i roto i te koraha Ripia. I roto i te hanganga o taua puka whai wāhi te reira i te Qattara Depression, tohu pūmau i te haunga te 134 mita. Kei te kore anake te hau. He wāhi nui konei whakaritea ki ngā āhuatanga lithological me hanganga-arowhenua. I roto i te tahi mau vahi, rite te korekore tanumia i raro i te apa o te onepu.

Te mea faahiahia, tonu faahohonu te takyrs. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e whiu te hau, me te whakangaromia e te keke tātari i runga i te mata tenei. tukanga deflation peheé arahi ki te hanganga o ngā taipū paru. taea ēnei puka kia kitea i roto i Mexico.

Ko te whenua o nga rohe pārū me pārūrū pania wāhi Tuhinga insular ranei, me te mania denudation. Ēnei āhua e hanga e i roto i te tahi atu climates, engari tonu e ratou te tino angamaheni mō koraha.

I roto i te tanga o te denudation hakari mania Central Asia papanga, faingataa kai pukepuke toenga. He pari tenei tupuke motu ki tihi flat me Aharoto pari. Taua puka i roto i te Central Asia e Turtkul ingoa. Ratou hanganga ai kua tuatahi wāhi ki te horo o te rerenga wai kore-pūmau, me muri i faataahia te tūranga matua ki ngā tukanga deflation meinga e te mahi hau.