He aha te mea te tatauranga, a he aha te mea tona faufaa i roto i te sotaiete i teie mahana?

Hoki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhua o te hapori whakamahi i te whānuitanga katoa o pūtaiao. Ko tētahi o ratou - te tatauranga. He aha te mea te reira?

He aha te mea tatauranga?

Heoi karanga tatou he peka o te matauranga, i whakatakotoria atu te take noa mo te kohinga, ine me te tātaritanga o te papatipu (te ine kounga rānei) raraunga. no ni'ai hoki Tatauranga ki te ako o ngā āhuatanga ine o te tītohu papatipu pāpori i roto i ngā o ratou ahua tau. Ko te kupu mai i te mana Latin, te tikanga "āhua o ngā take". I te tīmatanga, ka karanga i tenei pūtaiao "gosudarstvovedenie".

Ko te wā "tatauranga" i whakamahia tuatahi i roto i 1746, me tenei momeniti tohua te timatanga o tenei ako mātauranga, me te pūtaiao. Heoi, e kore e taea e matou te mea e tīmata reira tona whakamahi hāngai rite kaute, inenga, me te tātari raraunga i kawea i roto i nui mua. He tawhā nui ko te ahua. Te tahi mea rite taea mahara i āhuahanga, engari e kore te reira tino tika. Ko te aha te mea te ahua i roto i te tatauranga? Na karanga tatou te uara o te pūnaha rārangi, e puta atu pinepine.

tauira

Kia kōrero a pā ana ki te tahi mea ofi ki mooni. He aha te mea he whārangi tatauranga pae tukutuku? Ka rite ki tenei tawhā taea e he tokomaha o ngā kaiwhakamahi e takiuru ki te rauemi, me te ki te hoko 'o maheni ki ona tirotiro. Heoi, i tenei wāhi o te tirohanga, ka waiho reira uaua ki te whakahoki i te pātai, he aha te mea te tatauranga "VKontakte".

e kore te mōhiohio motuhake mō ia whārangi kohia. Ko te whakahaere i te reira ki te tatau i te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi e tomo te ra, marama - i roto i te whānui, i te wa katoa. Ko te kupu whakahoki ki te pātai o te mea tatauranga i roto i te mahi i roto i te hangarau mōhiohio tenei.

momo o ngā rōpū

kawea te ako pūtaiao o te wehenga i roto i runga i te huinga o ngā rōpū motuhake e te hunga ōrite i roto i te tetahi faatura. Ki te tātai i te maha o ngā āputa ka reira he kore anga mārama te maha, whakamahia tātai Stordzhesa:

Chi = 1 + 3,322 * lg chn te wahi

• Chi - te maha o pāwhaitua;
• Wakarere - taupū kōaro;
• Chn - te maha o ngā kitenga.

Tei runga i te whakaaro, i reira e toru ngā momo o ngā rōpū:

• Analytical. Whakamahia ki te tautuhi i te hononga i waenganui i te rōpū.
• Typological. tuwhatuwhaia taupori Ako ki ngā rōpū ōrite.
• Hanganga. hāngai wehenga ki feohi ōrite te i runga i te āhuatanga mārama.

rōpū Angamaheni kia feinga ki whakanui rerekē i te tahi atu, me te kia atu rite i roto. He tuatahi, me te tuarua ratou. Ko te tuatahi i hanga i roto i te kitea tauanga. rōpū Tuarua Kei te mahi i runga i te raraunga whiwhi.

tikanga Statistical Whakarōpū

Kua tono ratou tata nga wahi katoa. Ko reira reira arorau ki te amo i taua i reira he kore taputapu ao. Tei runga i te pū, me te motuhake raruraru i roto i te rumaki tohatoha taua tikanga tauanga o te tātaritanga raraunga:

• Whanaketanga me te rangahau o te taputapu-whakaaro whānui e kore e e tangohia ki pūkete nga āhuatanga o te tono.
• Te hanga me te whakamahi i ngā tauira tauanga o te tītohunga tūturu tukanga ranei i roto i te mara ngā o te mahi.
• Whanaketanga me te whakamahi o ngā tikanga me ngā taputapu ki te tātari raraunga motuhake mō ngā tono.

tatauranga kua tīpakongia

whai wāhi ana tēnei manga o pūtaiao i roto i te tukanga i te raraunga o te āhua noho. Ka rite ki te pūtake pāngarau o tatauranga tono me ona tikanga o tātaritanga ko nga tatauranga pāngarau me te ariā tūponotanga. Tīmata te reira ki te whakamārama o te momo o te raraunga, me te ratou tikanga o te take. whakamahi te reira i tikanga probabilistic me deterministic. Ko te whakamutunga taea te whakamahi anake i roto i te wā i reira te tikanga o kairangahau nui raraunga (tauira - te pūrongo o te tinana tatauranga kāwanatanga, e hāngai ana ki ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana e te kamupene). Otiia ki te whakawhiti i te hua ki te tauine nui me ki te aromātai i te opuaraa taea anake ki te whakamahi o te whakatauira probabilistic me tauanga.

I roto i te āhuatanga māmā mahi ngā uara raraunga tīariari rite te āhuatanga motuhake i te mea moku, ki te ahanoa raro ako. He ine ranei fakahāhaa'i nga tawhā konei (i runga i te kāwai ki te e no ratou rānei). te tikanga tohu te kōwhiringa tuarua he āhuatanga kounga. He aha te ki te tango ratou i te torutoru? tāpiri ine ranei? Na e taea tatou te mea e riro ahanoa pere. Kei te whakaaro te reira i rite te ahua hou o raraunga. A, no te e hanga tauira rangahau nui-tauine ake o huinga maha o pere. He mea nui ki te whakahou me te rua-tirohia te mōhiohio riro. Hoki tenei anō-tīpako whakamahia te.

mutunga

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, te tatauranga taea ki a koe hanganga nui o te raraunga e kua hiahiatia ana ki te taea ki te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio i runga i te āhuatanga i roto i etahi wāhi. Ko te kupu, nui te reira he wāhi nui mō pūtea no te mea homai reira ha faingamālie ki mau i nga akiaki o te tupu o te öhanga. Whakarato tatauranga ngā me mo nga tangata me nga mana, korero ratou e pā ana ki te tukanga i roto i te whenua: te tupu taupori raruraru ranei, hua toko i te ora te maturuturunga iho ranei, me te pera i runga i.