"Hero o to tatou anotau": he tuhinga roa-tautohe. Ko te pūrākau "He Hero o to tatou Wā" Lermontov

tuhituhi matou katoa i roto i tona tuhinga kura kōhungahunga "Hero o to tatou Time" i runga i te pūrākau e Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova, engari e kore e tino whakaaro te nuinga o ngā ākonga e pā ana ki te taumu'a o te mahi kaituhi me te whakamārama. Tautohetohe tautika, e kore e taea ki te matau i te wheako hinengaro matatini o ngā pakeke katoa ākonga ko. Na reira, ko te hua puāwaitanga, i runga i te ringa kotahi - he kuware, engari i runga i te tahi atu - hohonu, he mea e tika ana ki te haere hoki i roto i ona tau paari, a ano ki te rethink, ki te kitea he noa ritenga ranei ki te tahi atu, te ao, te ao ...

Ko te whanau o te momo

Ko te hua o "Hero o to tatou Time" ko te pukapuka te tuhi tuatahi, i tuhituhia i roto i te kāhua o te talena pāpori, me te hinengaro. mahi morare a taumauri roto i roto i te tua ki te hītori o te huru matua rite te whakaahuatanga kanapa, me te tahi o te ora i roto i Russia 30 tau o te rau tau XIX. Ko reira he ahua o te auaha whakamātautau i roto i ngā o te momo i te kaituhi, pera i te wa o te momo pērā i "pūrākau" e kore e tīari. muri uru Lermontov i tuhituhi e ia te pūrākau "Hero o to tatou Time," e hāngai ana i runga i wheako tuhituhi o Pushkin me iho o Western Europe. Ko te kitea tenei mana i roto i tenei āhuatanga pūrākau o Romanticism.

tuhituhi TAKENGA

I roto i te 1832 i tuhituhi Lermontov he maau, "e hiahia ana ahau ki te ora! e hiahia ana ahau ki te pouri ... "te aha i te tangata taitamariki kia pau ki te paari o te whakaaro, kite me te pū i roto i te taua hiahia pehi, ki te tupuhi? Pea te kua ngā reira tenei hepohepo ora-whakaū i te aro o whakatupuranga maha o kaipānui me hanga te whiti o te Lermontov hāngai teie mahana? Whakaaro e pā ana ki te hiahia o te tupuhi, me te puta i roto i te pehepehe "Sail", tuhituhia i roto i te taua tau: "Na ia, te tutu, ui ia te tupuhi, me te mea e whai i te tupuhi te rongo!" Tana nāianei, tata te taua tau, Herzen korero o tona whakatupuranga hei "kawa i valevalé."

Hei matau enei kupu, kia haamana'o te reira, i roto i te mea i era ki te ora Lermontov, me te wā, kitea nei te muri i roto i te pūrākau "He Hero o to tatou anotau". He tuhinga roa i runga i te pūrākau tika haamata ki te tātaritanga o te whiti mua o te rohi pehe, no te mea i roto i a ratou he papamuri kitea e arahina te kaituhi ki te waihanga i tētahi hua ahurei.

haere mai Youth Lermontov i te wā, i te tino pouri mo te hītori Russian. Hakihea 14, 1825 i te kaumatua Square i St Petersburg ko te whakatikanga ake o nga Decembrists, i mutu i roto i te hinga. Ko te ngā o te whakatikanga ake i whakairia, ka tonoa ngā kaiuru ki te rua tekau-rima nga tau whakarau i roto i Siberia. Hoa Lermontov Rerekē hoa Pushkina, tupu i roto i te huru o te tukino. kia tango te reira i ki pūkete kura hou, te whakarite i tētahi tuhinga roa i runga i tenei kaupapa.

"Hero o to tatou anotau"

e hua ana Lermontov hero "uho inati o te" o tona era. I takaro kau taki hōia te tūranga o pehanga o te iwi, i hiahiatia nga kaiwhakawa ki hope te kaitito marae kino - hoki te kororia o te kingi. I tipu ahau huru o te wehi, hae, hepohepo. I roto i tona tamarikitanga, ko te rohi pehe kahore marama, me te whakapono. tupu ia ake i roto i te koraha i te pae varua, me te wa katoa e ngana ana ki te mawhiti i reira.

I roto i te pehepehe "whaikupu" Ko te raina: "I rotopu i te vero e ngohe ana whakawateatia to tatou tamarikitanga ake ..." E mea uaua ki te whakapono e ko tau 15 anake tau te kaituhi o te mahi whiti! Otiia kahore he aau taia tamarikitanga noa tenei. Lermontov kihai i taea e tonu te whakamārama, engari i timata ki te ite e te tangata e kore e ahei ki te mahi, e kore i taea e fiefia. Kotahi tekau nga tau i muri i te "whaikupu", tuhituhia ana e ia te pūrākau "He Hero o to tatou anotau". Me roto i te tuhituhi i runga i tenei kaupapa i te tautohe e pā ana ki te wa o nāianei, me te wahi o te tangata i roto ia ia. Ko te reira i roto i te "Hero o to tatou Time," ko e fakamatala te kaituhi te hinengaro o tona whakatupuranga, ka whakaata te hepohepo, i te mate ona hoa.

tuhituhi kōrero

A, no te tuhi tuhinga roa he whaitake ki te tohu i roto i taua timata Lermontov tuhituhi te pūrākau i roto i 1838 i raro i te mana o ongo Caucasian. I te tuatahi e kore i reira ara he pukapuka, me ngā kōrero takitahi, te huru matua ngā. I te tau 1839, i te hautaka "Notes o te fatherland" korerotia e M. Lermontov teuteu ki te whakaputa i te kohinga o ana kōrero poto. hāngai Ia o enei kōrero i runga i te tetahi iho tuhituhi: "Bella" i tuhituhia i roto i te kāhua o te tuhinga roa o haere, "Princess Meri" - i roto i te iho o te kōrero fakamāmaní, "tämän" - i roto i te wairua o te pukapuka lyrical, "te Fatalist" - i roto i te tikanga o "te kōrero o te take ngaro "i he rongonui i roto i te 1830. I muri ka enei kōrero e whanau pūrākau tonu-parirau "Hero o to tatou anotau".

kia kō atu i te poto tuhituhi-tautohe ngā whakaahuatia i roto i te pūrākau "Princess Ligovskoy" (1836). Tenei mahi wātaka me thematically mua e "Hero". I reira, hoki te wa tuatahi, ka puta rangatira Pechorin tiaki, ko wai i roto i te aroha ki te Princess Vera LIGOVSKY. He pene motuhake "tämän" i tuhituhia i roto i te 1837, puta rite te hokohoko atu o "Te Princess Ligovski". E pā ana enei mahi katoa ki tahi i te tahi, me te whai i te aho pāpori-taumauri noa, he ariā kotahi, me te takotoranga momo.

huringa ētita

kua puta ke te hanganga o te pūrākau "He Hero o to tatou Time" kua i roto i te putanga hou. tūtohutia te tuhituhi te ki fakalahi te fakahokohoko o tuhituhi: te aamu "a Pere" ko te pene te whakatuwheratanga o te pūrākau, i aru i te reira e "Maksim Maksimych" me "Princess Meri". I muri mai, i ngā te kōrero tuatahi e rua taitara "Mai i te tuhipoka āpiha» a ka te wahi ārahi o te pūrākau, me te wahi tuarua ko te "Princess Meri". I hapu reira ki tapaea mauiui "whaki" o te protagonist. I roto i August-Mahuru 1839 faaoti Lermontov ki tino anō-tuhituhi nga vahe katoa anake pene "Bella", e i taua wa i kua i whakaputaina. Ko reira i tenei wā o te mahi i roto i te pene "fatalist" riro te pūrākau.

I roto i te putanga tuatahi o te pūrākau i ahau te ingoa "Ko tētahi o nga marohirohi o te rau tau." Tuhinga reira o wha nga wahi - kōrero motuhake e wha, engari i roto i te tikanga o te pūrākau e te kaituhi wehea ia anake kia rua nga wahi. Ko te wahi tuatahi - tuhipoka āpiha-kaikōrero, te tuarua - te pūāhua tuhipoka. faahohonu Omuaraa "fatalist" pene awa taumauri o te mahi. Whawhati pūrākau i roto i te wahi, e kore e Lermontov whakamātau ki te pupuri i te ana'iraa o ngā, ko taea te whāinga ki te whakakitea te wairua o te protagonist me wairua o te iwi o taua wā e raruraru.

Na roto i te mutunga o 1839 G. M. Lermontov hanga te putanga whakamutunga o te pukapuka, ki te whakauru i te "tämän" pene, me te huri i te hanganga o te hua. haamata te pūrākau pene "Pera", ka haere mai "Maksim Maksimych." Notes protagonist, Pechorin, kei te timata inaianei ki te upoko "tämän" ka mutu "he fatalist." i reira ko ano he pai-mohiotia "moheni Pechorin" I roto i te putanga kotahi. Ko te kupu, Kei te pūrākau o vahe e rima, me i reira ko te ingoa hou: te pūrākau "He Hero o to tatou anotau".

He aha te mea noa i waenganui i Onegin me Pechorin

ingoa whakamutunga o te protagonist o te pūrākau hono ia ki a Pushkin Evgeniem Oneginym. mai Pechorin ingoa i te ingoa o te Russian nui Pechora awa, kei tata ana te Onega (konei, pera kua tuhia, me ingoa Onegin). A e kore he coincidental tenei hononga.

e pā ana e whai ake nei A. Pushkin Lermontov ki te whakapakoko o tona nāianei, me te tātari tona iku'anga i roto i ngā o ratou wa. Lermontov noa hohonu ki te mea ngaro o te wairua o te hero, te whakanui ake i te hinengaro o te mahi, me te saturating reira ki te whakaaro huritao taumauri hohonu i runga i morare o te pāpori.

hononga tūmomo

"Hero o to tatou anotau" - he tuhinga roa-tautohe, te tuatahi pukapuka tuhi morare, me te hinengaro i roto i te tuhinga Russian. Ko reira ahua o te pukapuka kiko, e hāngai ana ki te whakaoti i te kaituhi o ngā take morare e rapua e i roto i-hohonu tātari hinengaro.

I roto i te pūrākau, te mo kaituhi ki nāianei mo tona wa, te take morare, me te matatika: pai, me te kino, te aroha me te auhoaraa, te mate me te karakia, te whakarite o te tangata, me te haere noa o te pai ai. mahi Psychology Ko e hāngai Lermontov i te tuakiri o te hero, ona wheako fakalaumālie. Te kaipānui te aroaro "tahanga" wairua Pechorin. Ko te pūrākau "Hero o to tatou anotau" - he hītori o tona wairua.

hua Āhuahira

Kaituhi e rave rahi taime ketia te hanganga ki te whakatuwhera tino te raruraru matua - te titauraa i te pae varua o te hero. Ko te te Lermontov katoa. "Hero o to tatou Time", kite te kaupapa o nei i roto i te whakaahuatanga o ngā āhuatanga ora me koropiko i roto i o te huru matua te whakarau, tino kowaiwai o tetahi fakahokohoko. whakatika te pātai: he aha e kore e te kaituhi whai kia wā i roto i te whakaritenga o vahe? he tika ki te maha ngā take taupatupatu wā.

• Tuatahi, i roto i te pūrākau i reira he āhuatanga o momo rerekē: tuhipoka, rātaka, kōrero fakamāmaní, tuhinga, me te rite.
• Tuarua, kua tamata i te kaituhi ki te anaanatae i te kaipānui, ki te kawe i roto i "haerenga" i roto i te hinengaro o te hero, ki te rumaki i te kaipānui ki te rire o te ao i roto o te huru.

Nā ki te matatini me te "maiorooro" hanganga mahi i roto i te narrators maha pūrākau i roto i te pene i ia - he. Hei tauira, i roto i te pene "Bella" e pā ana ki te akoranga o ngā, ka ako i te kaipānui i te aamu Maksima Maksimovicha (Maksimych), i roto i "Maxim Maksimych" kōrero ko tetahi o nga rangatira, te matenga o "tämän", "Princess Meri," "fatalist" aroaro i roto i te puka hautaka me te rātaka o te protagonist . Ko, te kaikōrero ko ia Pechorin. Puka hautaka me rātaka ki tukua te kaituhi tātari te wairua o te hero, engari ano hoki he hifo hohonu o te takitahi e kore e anake.

Pechorin ko Bella: tau'a me te aroha

Na roto i te āhua o Pechorin ko te kiri māia. Pēhea te atu ki te whakamārama i te āhuatanga ka kāhakina Azamat, te tama a tetahi o nga rangatira rohe, tuahine Pera, a kawea Pechorin, a i roto i te whakautu ki a Azamat Petchorin tahae te hoiho i Kazbich? E kore e te hero tiki ngenge ki te hoatu i tō wahine mau horo'araa utu atu i te mutunga riro tona manakohia. ngā ia ia tona whakapehapeha me te tutu.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te mana o te rongo, te hoki ranei o te aroha, whaiāipo, kei ki te Pera here o te Lermontov - ia tino aroha Petchorin tino. Otiia ki te whakaaro kaho te pūāhua matua, kihai ia ia i taea e whakatau mehemea kei te faaruru i te kotiro mana'o tūturu, ko te weriweri te rongonga i roto i tona wairua, me te tinana ranei. Ko te te ati o te hero - i ahei kia mamae hohonu ia. I roto i te paihere î i te here Pechorin Pera-whakatakotoria kaupapa tuhinga roa. Kei "Hero o to tatou Time" he rota o taime e whakakitea kaha o te protagonist ki mana'o kaha. pechorin reira mōhio o te mea kei te meinga te oaoa ore o etahi, otiia e kore e tonu matau ki ta te te mea. Ka rite ki te hua o ana wheako katoa e heke ana ki te hoha, noa iho i te pae varua, me te oto.

Heoi, ki te korero e pā ana ki te kore he e tika ana te koirā oti. A, no te mate a Pera te mate whakawehi, he mea aroha ki a ia, i Maxim Maksimych me kaipānui kore anake. riro ia "koma rite te pepa," I roto i nga meneti whakamutunga o te ora Bely Pechorin. A ka "i roa kua mate, ngaro, mea rawakore ..." Ua ite e ia tona hara i roto i te mua o ia, engari tamata ki te huna ratou mau mana'o i roto hohonu. Pea e te aha whawhati ia i roto i "kata ke," na wehi Maxim Maksimych. Te nuinga pea, ko reira he ahua o te raru io. Na i taea e mahi tūturu anake "hero o to tatou wa." Ko te tuhituhi o tona huru te kaituhi i tata - noho ia tata te taha iwi i te taha i nga ra katoa. kite te kaipānui te mahi i roto i nga kanohi o te kaikörero Pechorin Maxim Maksimych, engari e kore e matau i te mau tumu no te enei mahi.

Te tihi Maksimych hononga ki Petchorin

"Ko ia i te taua kākahu ma iti, hoki ia he tauhou, fifili ahau e ko ia i roto i te Caucasus, kua tata tatou" - e kite Pechorina Maksim Maksimych. Mai i te whakaahuatanga e ite i te reira e te kaikōrero kia rite ki Pechorin. Ka kitea tënei i te kupu i te pīmuri aroha-kokoto nei e whakamahia ana e te kaikōrero, me te parau "ko taata pai ...".

I roto i te pūrākau "Hero o to tatou Time," he tuhinga roa e pā ana ki te ora o Pechorin ai kua tuhituhia e te pukapuka whārangi-maha kotahi - na tautohetia, karakara me whakatakotoria whakapakoko hohonu i roto i te reira te kaituhi. taa ê Petchorin i te tahi atu e ratou whanonga: whakautu ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te pāmahana, ataahua huaki tata, a roa ohorere puku ngutu. No te mea o enei "rerekē" mo nga tohu tawhito-timers whakaaro ke Maxim Maksimych Petchorin.

Maksimych matau mana'o, aia e te taitamariki Pechorin, Heoi, whakaaro ia e tika ana ki te hoki mai te kotiro ki tona papa, ahakoa kaha piri ia ki a Pera, mo tona whakapehapeha me mana-whaiaro. Heoi, ano puritia ia e te kupu: "E te iwi e kia tino whakaae koe." a Maksim Maksimych i mahara Pechorin, nei i te tuakiri kaha, ka tangata i kaha ki te i pai ai o katoa.

hā o te natura

Lermontov i roto i te tuhi Russian - tetahi o nga kaituhi tuatahi hoki nei e kore he āhua whanau pae, engari he hero ki tonu i-parirau o te kōrero. Kei te mohiotia te reira e kua matenui te kaituhi i te ataahua o te Caucasus, tona pakeke me te hanahana. Lermontova Roma "Hero o to tatou Time" te riddled noa ki pikitia o te natura - Wild, engari ataahua. Ka rite ki tuhia e rave rahi fakaangá, e whakamahia Lermontov ki te whai i ētahi atu kaituhi ariā o "humanization o te natura" i tuatahi tāpiri "oprirozhivanie tangata". Special tikanga toi i roto i te whakaahuatanga o te natura e ngā te ture mohoao i raro i ora ai te iwi maunga. Ko te taua tika i roto i te whakaahuatanga o te tae me te kanapatanga o te Caucasus he pikitia rerekē, fakatāutaha tuhituhia e M. Yu. Lermontovym.

ngā kitenga

Ko te kupu, ko te hua o te "Hero o to tatou Time" - ko i te taitara o te pūrākau tuatahi ona ngako katoa e takoto. Pechorin - whakatupuranga tāwhai. E kore e taea e tatou te mea i kokiritanga te iwi katoa i roto i ngā wheako fakalaumālie, tukua i whakama, ka whakapakeke o ratou wairua. whakaurua te protagonist te tangata e kore e anake, kia rite ki era - he matatini, i nga wa nanakia ki te iwi, engari i te wa taua kaha, me te kaha-mea tohe ki. Ko tenei he aha me te pupuri koutou i roto i te ngakau i te faaineineraa i te tuhinga roa "Hero o to tatou anotau". Lermontov tīrama kawea te huru o te hapori i roto i te aamu o te hero.