"Hurihuri" (pū): hītori, whakaahuatanga, ngā āhuatanga

"Nagan" - he pītara, hanga gunsmiths i Belgium teina, Emil (1830-1902) me Leon (1833-1900) hurihuri. Enei patu i hanga i roto i te tahi mau whenua i roto i te mutunga o te XIX - waenganui rau XX. I whakamahia te reira no te patu hōia.

History o hanga

I te mutunga o te rau tau XIX, kua ie maha whenua e pā ana ki te rearmament o ona hoia. I aua ra, i te revolvers whaihua: te pū tūmataiti poto ringa ngā te tapatahi o te pūrere rawaka, pono, me te maha i ako. Ko te pa o Liege, kei roto i Belgium i te arotahi o te Pākehā ringa production. Mai 1859 Kua mahi te reira i roto i te wheketere o Leon, a Emile Nagant. Ko he awheawhe whānau iti, i hanga ko nga pu Tatimana me ētahi wā noa whakawhanakehia te Pū.

I te aroaro te hurihuri ahurei tuatahi ki te tuakana Emil Test tari hōia Beletita. faaoti ia ki te whakamahi i rite patu he rangatira āpiha me te kore-whakahau ano ', tuku ki rite "tauira hurihuri i roto i te 1878". Tenei pupuhi 9-mm i roto i te 1878 ko te ono-mati. Ko tōna rite rawa ki "pūrere rua-pānga": te hama ēngari ringa ranei pere, mā te pēhi i te keu ranei.

whakapono Non-faaue rangatira o hōia, kaieke hoiho, me te wahi mau pŭpŭ tauturu o te Army Beletita e "Nagan" - he runga piha pītara! A pono, i runga i nga tohutohu ā-ringa o te hōia toa, i hangaia ai e te pītara 9-mm "Nagant M / 1883" ki 'ulungaanga whawhai āta inā: ". Aratau DA" i roto i te hanga, i te tūemi hou, hāunga pihinga Mämä noa iho, me te shooting o tenei tauira i te hama ēngari i muri i ia pere.

Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga ai atu 2-3 whakarerekē o ngā calibers me roa oko. I muri i te ia Emile Nagant tino mate, me te tino ngaro tona aroaro. Na te mahi matua i runga i te whakapai ake o te pūrere whai wāhi Leon Nagant.

tauira 1886

Na, ako matou i te "hurihuri". Pū i roto i te 1886 paunatia he iti iti iho i te ona matua. I pono ia, ka meinga te hoahoa kua hangarau matatau. Tenei tauira i roto i te pūrere keu wha puna i whakakapia e kotahi dvuporuyu. I tua atu, tangohia te hua hou ki te pūkete te hehema o te whanaketanga patu i roto i te ahunga o te whakaiti i ërä: whiriwhiria tohunga te tino rongonui i roto i aua ra, 7.5 mm whakatupato ki auahi paura.

Ko te raruraru tino nui ki te kia kitea i ki kaihoahoa revolvers ko te kătahi o hau propellant ki te āputa, e hanga i te mutunga mua o te pahū me te kōaro o te wāhanga oko.

armorer Beletita Anri Piper kitea te otinga tikanga: te keu o tona tenenga, oho te pahū mua i mua i te pupuhi. a hurihuri Henri te hanganga motuhake, i reira ko he matā te tino huna i roto i te ringaringa, i mahi te ringaringa obturator Dultsev e ngā haurehu paura tohaina me aki ki te hongere kakau he kau i roto i te pakunga - haukotia tenei mahi te hau pakaruhanga.

Tenei te whakangāwaritanga ture ki pūrere faahiahia pana te i runga i te pahū oko, tono Leon Naganov i te 1892 tau. I raro i te tauira hurihuri hou i whakawhanakehia e ia ki te ringaringa tiaki, rite rawa ki te dulcitol roa. I roto i te mea kua riro "hurihuri"? tenei pupuhi, kua meinga nei te tauira matarohia, a kihai i tauira muri ke nui i roto i te hanganga.

pūrere

revolvers katoa "hurihuri" i te turanga noa me ngā āhuatanga:

• Ko te pūrere keu taea te pānga rua ki te kopere rite ki te hama ēngari, me ki whaiaro cocking-. Ko te okotahi anake e "hoia" me "NCOs" whakaaro mua-pāhoro, i roto i nei āraia te huarahi whaiaro cocking-te ki te whakaiti i te kai o te matā.
• Nukurau anga kotahi-wahi.
• Door, te whakatuwhera i te ruma taramu hurihanga lateral. Hokohoko Ko te tauira tika o 1910 i roto i nei te hīrere tatau hoki me ngā putanga te pahū, tahoro te tika.
• Oko mo te taunga turi wiria ki te anga.
• Tukipū e piri i roto i te tūranga puhipuhi o te tuaka pahū. ka oti ia pihinga i te mahi o te Pūunu - tuwhā i pau cartridges.
• whakanohoia te pūrere i roto i te anga, me te uhi pereti closable.

Drum me kaimahi rite te taonga, me te ruma i te wa ano. I roto i te whānui tino o te tauira i roto i 1895, me te tokomaha o tona drum rerekētanga wāhi 7 utu. I roto i te meka, whakaurua te anga mua ko te tuaka pahū tuwhera, me te noaa taua shompolnye ngongo. whakanohoia ana tēnei ngongo e i mua o te pahū: kua piri ai ki te kaki o te kakau kia miro i runga taua mea, e rua i runga i te tuaka. Tauira i roto i i panaia i te pahū te runga te oko, e te tikanga hoki, i roto i nei te hanganga ko te ngongo pahū me te puna i te mua.

Ko te pūrere maukati ko te pahū piri ki te taha ki matau o te anga. whakamana Ko tōna mahi e te kuwaha puna-utaina. A, no te he reira tuwhera (tītaha tītaha) e taea te whakatupato a tukua te patu. A, no te katia te tatau te - kati reira te tutaki, te ārai i te tiaki ki te hinga, me whakawhetai ki a ia drum kore e taea crank Tētākaraka.

E whitu kohanga me karikari hiahiatia mo te papa tatau i roto i te tūranga kati, me te tuwhera "Nagan" Battle i runga i te pahū.

Ko te tikanga kei te nuinga hurihuri tikanga tito o wāhanga whakahaere rite te tikanga maukati me te tahuri te pahū oko onaianei: rēreti kōaro, te pawl matau me te keu ki te vairaa i. Ko ētahi o ēnei, me te keu tikanga.

Ratau, i taua wa ngā te pūrere o te ngaro whakairi ki runga ki te wahi kātua mua, me te titiro muri, te mokamoka whāinga he runga anga. hurihuri pūrere Tapeke i roto i 1895 kohia i 39 huānga.

Ko te pūrere keu

rawa tēnei patu te ki te keu keu, mahi rua. I te wa ano hua hoki tauira ki te keu, mahi kotahi. I roto i tenei pūrere te pivotally eke te patu i runga i te keu, rau puna whawhai piri - dvuporaya he reira ki te hapai i.

Ko te hurihuri sear hangaia tahi me te keu. e kore ko Fuse, engari ki te kore koutou e hutia te keu, e kore te tūemi motuhake tukua te titi puhipuhi ki te haere mai ki te whakapā ki te capsule. Ki te he ēngari te keu, whakamahi reira he tikanga maukati motuhake, neke te drum patu mua. Ko te keu i roto i tenei wa e kinakitia te pahū kia e kore e tītaka reira.

āhuatanga ballistic

He aha te mea te tika i te hurihuri "Nagan"? whakaritea ana tēnei tirohanga patu whakaturia ki te tawhiti o 25 m. Me kï hoki, e ko te reira i te tawhiti ngā wāhi hāngai ki te hua pūwaenga. wā rerekē e taea whakamanamana tika tino rerekē o täia ahi:

Te m tawhiti		ki te tu		ki te ringa
11		4.0		7.0
18		5.6		9.0
25		7.2		13
36		11		19
50		14		-

Ko te kaha o te pakanga

E ai papa paina pākete ki te matotoru o te 2.54 cm me toru tekau-rima kaupae (25 mita) aroturukitia te kătahi 3 papa - 100% o nga matā, papa 4 - 70%, te papa 5 - 25%. E whakanohoia Poari i te tawhiti o te 8 cm i ia atu. weropepahia Kotahi tohu i te tawhiti o runga ki te rua rau kaupae (140 m).

production

manufactures Russian Izhevsk ringa wheketere e inaianei revolvers kounga tiketike rawa. Ko hanga te Swedish "Nagan" tauira i roto i te 1887 i roto i Belgium. Te mea faahiahia, kua whakanuia te tauira 9-mm i roto i 1878 te ope Beletita. Kua whai wāhi tēnei ki te popularization o te wheketere waitohu "hurihuri" i roto i te mākete ao.

Ko te taua pū, hanga i roto i te 1895, me te rerekētanga o reira, hua maha awheawhe patu puta noa te ao, ara te Russian Imperial ringa wheketere i Tula, te pa Polish o Radom, te Tiamana "Enel" i roto i Suhl, Beletita "Lepage", " Frankot "me" Bayard "," Arizmendi-Goenaga "i roto i Spain me ētahi atu.

"Nagan" hōia Russian patu

I te mutunga o te rau tau XIX ka mau te Russian Empire te rearmament nui o te ope. Mosin raiwhara, i whiriwhiri tukua i roto i te 1891, ka rite ki te paerewa ringa iti. I te wa, i māngai Russia e pū tawhitotia tauira 4,2-rārangi (10.67-mm) Smith & Wesson pītara Pūnaha III, whakawhanakehia i roto i te 1880.

Ahakoa te Komihana mo te hanga o raiwhara iti-ërä, i ahu e Rūtene-Tianara N. G. Chagin, kua piri te rapu mō tauira o te kupu whakaari. Ko reira ngā e te hurihuri ope hou e whai ake nei ngā whakaritenga:

• mana faahiahia tu. I aua ra, i na reira koperea te momo matua o nga hoia eke hoiho i te tawhiti whai hua (ki runga, ki te 50 kaupae) e hiahiatia ana ki te patoto iho te hoiho.
• "Ko te ope o te whawhai" kia nui ki te wahi i roto i te papa paina 4-5-inihi. taimaha iti (0.82-0.92 kg).
• Ërä, te aronga, te tokomaha, te kōtaha o te rifling o te oko, me te rite kia kia ōrite-aho-tawhā Mosin raiwhara. Ko te kupu, te hanga revolvers, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te pū kahiwi hapa.
• Ka taea te rite rawa hurihuri ki te pupuhi whaiaro cocking-, te kore e tupuheke reira tika.
• Me kia tere tīmata o te matā i raro 300 m / s.
• I te pū kia reira tika pai.
• E mea titauhia e he ohie, me te hangarau te pūrere.
• kia pono, kiriuka ki te paru me te tikanga kino o te mahi, ohie ki te mau tonu i te ringa.
• kia tangohia, karekau e kore te wā kotahi, engari tētahi.
• tikanga e hāngai ana, ka hangaia kia kia e taea e te trajectory o te rere matā whiti te aho o te titiro i te tawhiti o 35 i hokoi.
• kia te pahū kia whakanohoia i te iti rawa e whitu utu.
• Chuck ki kua ki anga matā, parahi flange ringaringa, me te auahi paura.

I roto i te whānui, whaiaro cocking-pupuhi, me te tango tukutahi o cartridges pau paopao no te haafifi i ratou i te pūrere (tenei kua he pānga tōraro i runga i te tika, me te uara o te hurihuri) me arata'i ki te kohi nui o matā.

Na roto i te fanongonongo o te whakataetae me te tono nui pea whakakitea matou nui moni i roto i te patu kāinga me kaiwhakairo ke. He i maha ngā tauira pū & Wesson Smith, revolvers, me te avtopistolety. I te mutunga o te whawhai nui tīmata gunsmiths Beletita tauira Anri Piper M1889 ki "Bayard" ko Leon Nagant M1892 ki. E te ara, hou pītara rangi "Nagan Gletcher NGT» ko te tauira o te tauira, i riro i roto i te whakataetae.

puta ke Leon Nagant ratou hua ki Russian 7.62-mm ërä. Ka rite ki i roto i te 1883, Whakakahoretia ia te puhipuhi whaiaro cocking-, hoko i te kounga o patu i roto i te runga ki te kerēme o te whakataetae.

revolvers six- me semizaryadnye - anake i whakaarohia ngā kōwhiringa e rua. Kua tauira Pieper kua paopao tika ki te massiveness me unreliability o te pūrere. I riro te whakataetae e Leon Nagant, pea e tika ana ki te meka e kua ia i roto i i roa-whakapumautia te Russian Defence Tāhuhu hononga.

tauia hurihuri mo te ārai mo te hurihuri utu o 75 000 moni. kihai i taea te tiki ia te moni, rite i whakakahore ia. Ko reira anō kēmu anō-whakaritea, engari ki te tikanga mohio atu. Na, i roto i te tua ki te tawhā o te paraihe: rua tekau mano moni ia wae o ringa me rima mano mo hanganga tiaki. I tua atu, i te toa ki te hoatu i taku tamaiti ki te mana tonu o te kāwanatanga Russian, i whiwhi te tika ki te whakaputa i te reira, a i roto i to ratou ake whenua, me te ki waho, kahore tetahi utu ki te ma'imi.

tukatuka ano Piper i te whakataetae faaite ki te revolvers aunoa ahurei. whakaaro te Komihana ratou "kāore, engari te ata." Hurihuri S. I. Mosina ki ono kahiwi kore ano i whakaaetia. Orooro i te pū Nagano taputapu i iti iho nui. whakahaere matou he whakamātautau whakatairite ki te pū 4.2-rārangi Smith & Wesson, a ka whakaaetia te pūrere. Te mea faahiahia, i muri i hiahia nga rangatira tamataraa hōia ki te tiki i te pū ki te pānga rua o whaiaro cocking-me shooting.

hoki te Komihana ki te putanga whaiaro-cocking o te tauira, engari i kite tona angitu herekore, na faaoti ahau e pū Russia nesamovzvodny - whaiaro cocking-no te rangatira, me mo privates me rangatira kore-i whakahau ano: me te reira kia taua pū whakakiia.

hanga e te pūrere he torutoru huringa iti a whakaaetia ana e ia i roto i te puna o 1895. Holster mō "Nagano" tenei tauira i hanga o kakahu. Mans te reira i hiako aho-trenchikom me te tukipū mō te horoi patu.

Kia 13, 1895 tikanga o Nicholas II o "āpiha" me "hoia" "Nagan" tauira pū i tangohia e te ope Russian. Ko reira taa'eraa i te tari hōia o te patu i roto i te Pipiri 1896 whakaae ōkawa ki mahi.

akatuke'anga

nui rawa te raruraru ki te whiwhi whakaaetanga mō raiwhara - he mea e tika ana ki te hipa maha akomanga. A e kore e taea tokomaha rave i te reira, na te whiwhi te iwi whāhauhau. Otiia e kore e waiho hei tauira ê me rārangi o te hurihuri maere "Nagan". Tenei ko ratou:

• Nagant M1910 - 1910 tauira Beletita patu o te tau. He tangohanga tukutahi o cartridges pau.

tauira hōia:

• Soldier "Nagan" - he auheke patu 20-rautau ki pūrere keu nesamovzvodny. mutu tōna production i roto i 1918.
• "Hurihuri", hanga hoki rangatira, rite rawa ki te pūrere whaiaro cocking-keu.
• I mua i te Ao matau i hanga mo hōia rohe i roto i te nui iti: pūpoto integrally maka ki te take, me te roa oko 300 mm o me te hurihuri ki te take wetekina me te oko atu ki te 200 mm.
• "Hurihuri" hanga mo rangatira, he whakatinanatanga hurihuri kiato tikanga mo te concealable. heke tōna kakau te ki 85 mm me poroa te kakau. I whakawhanakehia e te tauira i roto i te tau 1927. whakaputaina te reira i roto i wā iti noa 1932. whakaputaina Tapeke e pā ana ki 25 000 mongamonga o enei hua. E ai ki te tauira o rangatira patu o te OGPU me te NKVD.
• Hoki reconnaissance me te auru huna ope i roto i 1929 i hanga ai e te pītara ki te Silencer -equipped silencers mīhini "Bram", hāunga te ahua o te mura. Hangaia teina IG me VG Mitin.
• Nagant WZ. 30 - hangaia hurihuri i roto i 1895 patu, i hanga nga amo. Mai i 1930 ki te 1939 whakaputaina e ia hokohoko ena i roto i Radom i te wheketere ringa. whakaputaina Tapeke Poland 20,000 nga wahi o revolvers "hurihuri" e rua tauira: Ng wz.30 me Ng wz.32.

tauira Sport - he patu o te rau tau 20

Ēnei hua whakamiharo:

• Whakangungu hurihuri Nagant-Hamurana mo whakangungu, whakawhanakehia i roto i te tau 1926. Ko tōna kaihoahoa he A. A. Smirnsky. Mai i 1925 ki te 1939 tau o enei hua hangaia 3,500 mongamonga i raro i tiaki rimfire 5.6 mm.
• Kei te hanga "Nagan" hurihuri mo te hākinakina i roto i te tau 1953. Ko tōna kaihoahoa ko VA Paramonov. I whakaputaina tēnei tauira i 1956 ki te 1966. Tapeke 8220 mongamonga MC-4 ko MC i hua-4-1.
• TOZ-36 - e takaro ringa i roto i te tau 1962 tauira tau. hangaia tēnei tauira ko EL Haydurov.
• TOZ-49 - he tauira pītara i roto i 1972, kua hanga hoki te hākinakina. Ko tōna hangaia EL Haydurov. Kua poroa te reira i te pahū i raro i te 7,62H26 kariri poroa mm.
• TOZ-96 ko te kōwhiringa kaweake TOZ-49 i raro i tiaki .32 S & W Long Wadcutter. hangaia te reira mai 1996.

Sports me tauira hopu

Na titiro inaianei i patu te tauira e whai ake nei:

• Pūpoto KR-22 "Falcon" Ko te tauira o te tiaki faafariuraa o .22 LR. Tenei hurihuri "hurihuri" rawa oko roa ki te 500 mm, he rakau me te rakau kikowhiti integrally maka reke. Tenei hua e ata 2 kg. Ki te hanga anga te reira i roto i te tau 2010.
• Pū "Thunder" Ko te tauira faafariuraa, hangaia kamupene Ukrainian "SBM". Tenei pū hākinakina i raro i te tiaki o te 4-mm Flaubert hanga hoki whakangungu.

patu ārai Civil

He aha te mea te "hurihuri" ngaukino, me te hau? I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 2000, i hangaia e rave rahi rerekētanga o enei pītara, hangaia e te huri whawhai "Naganov".

1. I roto i te Russian hua patu ārai e whai ake nei: P1 i roto i te whētuki "Naganych" i raro i te tiaki 9 mm me R. A. a_-502 "hurihuri-M" i raro i te tiaki 10H32 mm T raro i te tiaki mahi i roto i RS whētuki 10H23 mm T. o
2. I roto i Ukraine, whakaputaina te hau i roto i te whētuki me te pītara "rangatira ropu tinei", "Ramp 1 R", "D-Nagant" poto "SKAT 1Rk" me "hurihuri Russian Federation."
3. rangi pū "Nagan Gletcher NGT» i hanga i roto i te USA. Tenei hau-puoto māhanga hurihuri rongonui.

Ngā mihi ki ngā whakaritenga whare whakawā, pūrere patu, pupuhi matā rapa, i reira nga huringa aukati i warheads pihinga.

Tohu (haruru) tauira

• A_-503 "Nagan-S" ( "Bluff") - tohu pītara i raro i te pōtae "Zhevelo". Hanga Vyatskiye Polyansky "Molot" tipu i roto i te raumati o te tau 2006.
• "Hurihuri MR-313" (Nagano-07). I roto i tenei tauira, i roto i te rite ki "pari" whakarerekētia pūrere kakau pōtae (y tutuki hou takiwa atu mātanga). rawa ana tēnei tauira i te iti-diameter kātua, e kore te mea ia i runga i te tau rangatū anga i roto i te kōaro o te anga mira oko e kore e hua.

"Nagan MR-313" rite rawa te ki te pahū, tona maha e kore tāpiri ake ki te tau i runga i te anga. e kore te hurihuri ringaringa i raro i "Zhevelo" aki ki te ruma, ka wiria nga ki te miro.

Mea faahiahia, i roto i 2008, te "hama" te hanga o enei revolvers tahuri, ka oho ki te Izhevsk ringa wheketere.

• P-2 - he patu kē i raro i te pōtae "Zhevelo", te tauira i muri i muri i te "Awarua" ko MR-313. Ko te kaiwhakanao ko te āwangawanga Kalashnikov.

Heoi, ki te he mangere rawa ki te tiki whakaaetanga mō raiwhara (e kore e maha iwi rite rīpene whero) koe, ka taea e koe te hoko hākinakina "Nagant" i raro i te tiaki o Flaubert. E pupuhi nui ēnei hua, tino tiaki ki kore kuri kotiti e rapu utu i te tukua e te mo te hoko, me te mau.