Papin, Denis - pukenga whakarapa

Mō ia pinepine tuhituhi i whanau ia wawe rawa - i roto i te pakanga fakalotú o te Faaapî, kihai i ia i te marae. puta ia ki te marama i te iti rawa i te kotahi rau tau i muri mai - ana taranata me pūngao e kawea atu painga mo te te pai o te revolution ahumahi.

Otiia e haere mai i te reira, kahore te iwi rite Papen? Denis - te tangata e hanga te mutunga o te rau tau XVII ki whakatere hangarau te ahunga whakamua nui atu atu i te nuinga.

Ko te tākuta-tahuri-ahupūngao

Ko tona wāhi he Shiten pa iti kei tata Blois - Center Loir-a-Cher. Tona papa - he kaitohutohu kingi Denis papin (Denis ka tona ingoa). e kore e mohiotia rite whanau pūtaiao heke mai, engari kotahi tohua e te roto i te haurongo - August 22, 1647 - te rā o te iriiri. no whakapono Religious Papen whānau ki te Huguenots - peka French o Porotetani.

I ka mohiotia rite te ahupūngao French rongonui riro Denis papin mātauranga matua-kore. I roto i te utuafare o toku whaea - Madlen Pino - katoa ngā tane hei tākuta, me tana tama matamua, ko ia ki te riro te mātauranga hauora. I puta ia i te kura Jesuit i 1661 ka anga ia te ako o ngā take hauora ki te University o Angers.

Kaiako me hoa piahi Denis hohoro kite e te mauria ia rongoā tawhiti iti iho i te pāngarau, me te ahupūngao. i taea e ratou te kite i te ngākau kitea mō ngā tinana, i whakakitea Papen. a Denis etahi fifi ki te tuku i te whare wānanga, ka kua whakakitea mai te issuance o te tiwhikete o te whakaotinga o te akoranga mo ia aroha kitea. Tonu, tae ia i roto i Paris i te 1670 ki te whakaaro o te tīmata i te mahi rite te tākuta.

Kaiāwhina Hristiana Gyuygensa

Ka rite ki a tikanga, i ia pukapuka o te kupu ki te karanga i te tauturu i roto i te noho i roto i te pane. Ko tētahi o ratou i ngā ki te wahine o te pā kingi, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Marie Charron, he uri o te taua wahi e Papen. Denis i roto i te aparauraa ki tana tane faaite tona hiahia ki te whai wāhi i roto i te rangahau, a ko ia waimarie. Colbert mo o te kingi whakaritea he rōpū mahi ki te whai wāhitanga o pūtaiao rongonui Hristiana Gyuygensa, e hiahiatia ana he kaiāwhina. anaanatae mau a Denis tenei wahi.

ka anga ia ki te āwhina i ki te tamataraa Huygens ki mārua, i na i hiahia i roto i te Dutchman rongonui. I roto i ngā, a tika tonu ia he papu rangi, i hanga nei ki te awhina o te huru korehau, mo te wa tuatahi i te faaohiparaa i te piha motuhake. I roto i te 1674 whakaputaina e ia he pukapuka Papen "ngā New ki te kore noa iho", whakatapua ki te pānga o te taiao e whae i runga i te tipu me te kaiao ora. ka mōhio o Robert Boyle, tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o te British Royal Society, i karangatia te Wīwī i Rānana i te mahi o Papen me tona papu.

Papin i Ingarangi

Mai i 1676 ki te 1681 mahi ia i roto i Rānana, i te mahi tahi tata ki Boyle, a muri ki ētahi atu kaipūtaiao rongonui - Robert Hooke. whakarato whakahaere te reira i ngā ki ako i te āhuatanga o ngā haurehu, te wā kotahi rave i roto i to ratou ake kaupapa.

I te 1679 ka kawea e ia tona tenenga - "te digester hou, ranei he tikanga ki fakamolū te wheua" - te tauira o te kuki pēhanga hou, me te autoclave mo te maimoatanga o ngā rauemi wera. A, no te whakawhanake i tēnei pūrere whakamahia e ia te matauranga i riro ia rite te ahupūngao. whakaarohia Denis papin ki te whakamahi i ka tunu kai nui haere te pēhanga meinga e te whakawera. Tona kohua - he oko ki te hipoki, titia nei te ki te tīwiri, e taea ai hoki tightness. whakanohoia te taupoki i paunatia piha kawenga, tuku ki te tākaro atu te pēhanga i te taikaha.

Otiia i tukua e te ma'imi i te fakaholomui - e kore kua kitea tona kōhua tono mahi. Tieki whakamau reira uaua ki te whakamahi i, te ngoikore ki te hohoro te tuku i te rangi katoa i muri i tunu mutunga faitoraa i te taonga i roto i te wa - i ki tatari mō te meangiti ki te tango i te taupoki. Mahi tauira o te kuki pēhanga i muri i neke atu i te rua rau tau ka haere mai anake.

Tamataraa o Europe

I roto i te 1681 haere ia ki Itari i te aniraa o Giovanni Ambrosio Sarotte, peresideni o te Venice Academy o Pūtaiao, e moe ana ki te hoatu i te reira auraa, rite ki te tetahi i i te Paris Academy me te Royal Society o London. Ko taia ana tautooraa i ka i whakakahore ia pūtea i te kāwanatanga.

I roto i Europe kaha te whakatoi o Palotisaní, engari no te mea o te whakakāhoretanga o ture Louis XIV tiaki nga tika o nga Huguenots, kua ngaro papin te whai wāhi ki te hoki ki to ratou fenua. Ki te 1684 hoki 1687 mahi ia i roto i London, ka oho ki Germany, a ka mau te tūranga o te ahorangi o te pāngarau i te University o Marburg. He whakatau ia ki te marena ia whanaunga, i rere nei i whakatoi i France, a mahue tetahi pouaru ki te tamahine taitamariki i roto i ona ringa.

Ko te ihi o te pūkaha mamaoa

I roto i te 1690 whakaputaina e ia he whakaahuatanga o te pūrere mo te wai te kutētē, e tuatahi whakamahia te pūkaha mamaoa. Ko te tenenga o te pūkaha, mā te whakamahi i te mana o te korohū, ue'i reira te wheako riro i roto i tona mahi i runga i te digester. Ia ka ua te kaha o te mana tuatahi kohu wera. Kua riro mārama i roto i te maha ngā huarahi i roto i te akoranga o te reta ki a Gottfried Leibniz kōrero hoahoa, i roto i te matapaki i te maha nui o ngā raruraru pūtaiao ariā, me te mahi i arahina tenei aivanaa nui ki a ia. Denis papin whakamahia tuatahi tunu mamaoa wera i roto i te ipu motuhake - kohua - me te piha haumaru, i roto i hanga maha ara te whakamahi o te pūkaha korohū tūturu. Scientists tono ki te whakamahi i tō puku hoki kaata whaiaro-tīhokatia me poti, taea ki te neke hohoro ki te nāianei, mā te whakamahi i te wira hoe.

Ko te whakaaro o te tima awa antagonizing te Guild kaha o kawe awa i kite i tetahi whakataetae kaha i roto i te kaipuke, e te whakawhanakehia Denis papin. Portrait o te pūtaiao i runga i te whakamārama o te oko whaiaro-tīhokatia, e whakamotitia te mano o kaihoe me kaihoe e maha whakaputaina i roto i te pukapuka hītori, ahakoa e kore kua i tiaki ngā mōhiohio pono e pā ana ki tenei meka.

kua Papen i matatau me ētahi atu tino mo taua wa whakaaro. I roto ia ratou - he oumu rewa karaihe hou, te Ballista taketake - utu pū mō te whiua tawhiti roa, tae atu i te tikanga o te hau (i te tauira o ngā pohū tākirirangi-tīhokatia). I roto i tona ai'a - submarine, te parau tumu o te mahi o te oumu hau, te whakamahi mārua hoki rokiroki wā roa-o kai, he papu turai.

urupa ingoakore me te tohu nui

he unknown, rite pai rite te wahi o tona tanumanga te rā tangohia o te mate o te kaiputaiao tino. Kei te whakapono te reira e mate ia i waenganui i 1712 me 1714. i roto i te London. Kua tau tata Papen kino e te kore oti o te moni, me te pakanga ki te Royal Society, i werohia tona matua i roto i te tenenga o te kōhua mamaoa.

Na roto i te rite te nui rite te hawhe te rau hōnore mutunga-tika ana, i te mutunga i whakawhiwhia te Denis papin. Portrait o te pūtaiao pania te Paris Academy, te Royal Society, ko ia i roto i pukapuka katoa i runga i te hītori o te pūtaiao. tāuta faahiahia whakapakoko rahi parahi i te kāinga i roto i Blois ahupūngao.

Ko te whakapakoko o te maramarama taahia, ka whakamahia te ki te whakamatau e te revolution ahumahi me oioi te i roto i te hangarau, tino i roto i te rau tau XIX, me he pakiaka Wīwī.