I kitea ratou me he aha e te mau parau tumu o von Neumann

Pea e kore ahau e e hape ki te mea ahau e kitea e te nuinga o te iwi i roto i te ora ia rā e te rorohiko, me te hono ki reira katoa - te reira whakatutukitanga pūtaiao o te tekau tau whakamutunga o te rau tau whakamutunga. I roto i te meka, te mau parau tumu o te rorohiko te mahi von Neumann a, nga turanga ariā o whatunga rorohiko, kua whakatakoto i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rautau rua tekau.

Ko te kaiwhakawhanake matua o te pūtaiao rorohiko i taua wa ko te mathematician rongonui Dzhon Fon Neyman te United States. E te ara kia mea ai e kua tupu etahi o tenei i roto i te pā ana ki te aituā. Neumann i roto i 1944 ngā i roto i te rōpū rangahau, i mahi i runga i te hanganga o te rama tuatahi ENIAC rorohiko hiko. Io i roto i kōrero auau ki hoa pūtaiao kore pera He pakari marohitia te ariā faufaa hou mo te hanganga o ngā pūrere rorohiko. Ki te ohorere o Neumann, tona hoa G. Goldstein me A. Burks Neumann tautoko te whakaaro, a reira ko he pepa pūtaiao i roto i rua tau. tuku te reira i te mau parau tumu tino i mua unknown o rorohiko pūrere, a ka riro te ingoa o "te mau parau tumu o von Neumann." kua ki i te hawhe rau mai te whakaaturanga tūmatanui tuatahi o whakaaro Neumann, engari ki tenei ra, āhuatanga pērā i te hoahoanga rorohiko ngaahi tefito'i mo'oni von Neumann mahi ariā puāwaitanga o te hanga pūnaha rorohiko. Ko te rerekētanga taketake i waenganui i te ariā hou i taua i whakaarohia ai ki te neke atu i te pūnaha ira maheni o ngā mōhiohio rokiroki me ki te whakawhiti ki te rua. Ko reira atu watea hoki taua whakamahinga me te whakarato maha atu whai wāhitanga ki te whakapiki ake i te rōrahi o tenei kōrero, e rua i roto i ngā o tona rokiroki me te tuku.

I tua atu, i te mau parau tumu o von Neumann hanga reira taea ki te tukatuka kore anake ngā mōhiohio ā-tau, engari ano hoki kuputuhi, oro, me ētahi atu.

Ko tētahi atu kitea nui Neumann ko tona otinga mo te rokiroki o te mōhiohio. I mua, kawea tenei mahi i roto i tata ā, na roto i te tūhonoa te wāhanga e tika ana o te rorohiko tahi ki te whakarite i te utu o te mōhiohio penapena e te i roto i ia o enei compartments. I runga i te rorohiko ENIAC runga ake-whakahuatia, e tenei tukanga i te iti rawa te maha ra, a te tino maha i roto i te whakahaere i tenei tikanga wahia iho ngā tukanga - arā o te rama. whakaarohia hoki Neumann whakawhiti hōtaka whakawaeheretia ano i roto i te puka o te waehere ā-rua , me te rongoa i roto i te rorohiko ano.

E kore te whakatakoto te pūtaiao nga whakaaro e muri ka whānuitia mohiotia rite te mau parau tumu o von Neumann, engari whakawhanakehia hoki te hangarau o te hanganga rorohiko anake, kei te maha tuku tenei ariā ki rite "architecture rorohiko". Ko te wāhanga matua o te hoahoanga hou, kia kia Neumann:

- he pūrere mana;

- wae arorau;

- he wae tukatuka matua;

- matatini mahara kei roto, o waho;

- ahau / e pūrere.

I roto i te hanganga kupu hangaia i roto i te rorohiko e lau tohutohu motuhake i te mahara, a ka reira te mahi ana e te pūtukatuka. Ko te tikanga o te mahi o whakahau tautuhia e te counter hōtaka motuhake. Ko te aroaro o te pūrere taua ko tetahi o nga āhuatanga o nei te hoahoanga rorohiko, whakaarohia e Neumann.

I roto i te whānui, whakawhanakehia me, i roto i te meka, whakamatauria, ka whakatinanahia e ia, nga whakatau i runga i te hoahoanga o rorohiko, kua riro na te ao, me te faufaa, e ara i tenei ra i roto i te taiao ngaio o te mīhini hanga rite ki enei parau tumu, ka karanga - von Neumann mīhini. e kore te tono tenei anake ki te hunga wahi i reira he kahore counter hōtaka.

wehenga atu pea i teie mau parau tumu he taea anake i roto i te heke mai, ka te pūtake mo te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao rorohiko, ka te whakaaro kia hoatu arorau tukatuka.