Intelligence: IQ i runga i ngā whakamātautau IQ

Ko te ariā o "tauwehe maramarama" whakaurua te kaimātai hinengaro German Uilyam Shtern. whakamahia e ia IQ hei acronym mo te wā Intelligenz-huawehe - IQ. IQ ko te score whiwhi i runga i te pūtake o te maha o ngā whakamātautau paerewa whakahaere i raro i te mātakitaki o te kaimātai hinengaro i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau i te taumata o te maramarama.

rangahau ite Pioneers

I te tīmatanga, i ruarua kaimātai hinengaro e taea te whakaaro te tangata kia, te atu tika whanganga. Ahakoa te moni i roto i whanganga maramarama haere hoki mano o nga tau, ka puta te whakamātautau IQ tuatahi tata anake. I roto i te 1904, ka ui te kāwanatanga French kaimātai hinengaro Alfred Binet ki te āwhina te whakatau i ngā ākonga e pea ki te wheako fifi i roto i te kura. Ko te hiahia ki te whakatū i te kura maramarama i reira, i taea e whiwhi ratou katoa mātauranga tuatahi herea. ui Binet he hoa Theodore Haimona ki te āwhina ki a ia te hanga i te whakamātautau e pai arotahi i runga i ngā take mahi: mahara, whakarongo, me te raruraru-hopanga - nga mea e kore tamariki e ako i roto i te kura. Ētahi whakautu ki ngā take uaua nui atu i to ratou rōpū pakeke, a reira, e hāngai ana i runga i ngā raraunga observational, i reira ko tenei te ariā puāwaitanga o te tau hinengaro. Ko te hua o te mahi o kaimātai hinengaro - te tauine o te Binet - Haimona - Ko te tuatahi paerewa IQ-whakamātautau.

Na roto i te 1916, he kaimātai hinengaro i Stanford University Lyuis Terman urutau tauine Binet - Haimona mō te whakamahi i roto i te United States. huaina te whakamātautau whakarerekētia te "Intelligence Tauine Stanford - Binet," me kua riro he whakamātautau paerewa o te whakamātautau ite i roto i te Hononga o Amerika hoki te maha o ngā tekau tau. Ko te Stanford - Binet ki tohu hua takitahi, te whakamahi i te maha, e mohiotia ana ko te IQ - huawehe ite.

Me pēhea te ki te tātai i te hinengaro?

IQ tuatahi whakaritea e wehewehe i te tau hinengaro o te tangata ki te tango i te whakamātautau, i runga i tona tau wā, me te nui o te huawehe e 100. Takekore ki te mea, mahi te reira (ranei pai) anake mō ngā tamariki. Hei tauira, he tamaiti ki te tau hinengaro o 13.2 tau me te tau wā o 10 he 132 IQ me kua te tika ki te uru atu te Mensa (13.2 ÷ 10 x 100 = 132).

I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, i whakawhanakehia e rave rahi whakamātautau mo te kōwhiringa o te taritari hou i roto i te Ope United States, e tika ana mō ngā momo motuhake o te mahi. i tuhituhia Ope whakamātautau "Arepa", me "Beta" i puritia mo te taritari matau ki.

Kei te whakamahia hoki atu whakamātautau IQ tenei me ki te taki hoki manene hou tae i roto i te United States me te moutere o Ellis. i whakamahia ratou hua mo te tito o kōrero whānui teka e pā ana ki te "maramarama Koinei iti" o manene i tonga Europe me nga Hurai. Enei hua i roto i te 1920 arahina ki tono "ā ue'i" kaimātai hinengaro Goddard me ētahi atu Congress ki tangohia here i runga i manene. Ahakoa te meka i whakahaere anake te whakamātautau i roto i te reo Ingarihi, engari te nuinga o manene nui e kore e matau i te reira, e rave rahi mano o te iwi pai te hunga kua tapanga rite "ere i" ranei "houhou" whakahekea te kāwanatanga United States. A tupu te reira i roto i te tekau tau i mua i tīmata Nasí Germany korero e pā ana ki ahuahu.

ko Hinengaro Devid Veksler pouri, i roto i tona whakaaro, iti whakamātautau o Stanford - Binet. Ko te take matua mō tenei i anake te score, tona aro i runga i te rohe wa, me te meka i hangaia te whakamātautau i āta mō ngā tamariki, a he reira e kore e tika ana mō ngā pakeke. Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i nga tau 1930, kua whakawhanakehia Wexler he whakamātautau hou, i mohiotia rite te Tauine Wechsler Intelligence - Bellevue. Muri, i hou te whakamātautau me te ka mohiotia rite te Wechsler Intelligence Tauine mō ngā pakeke, WAIS ranei. Engari o tetahi aromatawai whānui, whakamātautau hanga he pikitia whānui o te pakaritanga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te whakamātautau. Ko tētahi painga o tenei huarahi he e reira whakarato hoki ngā mōhiohio whai hua. Hei tauira, kaute teitei i roto i te tahi mau wāhi, me te iti i roto i ētahi atu tohu i te aroaro o hauā akoranga motuhake.

ko WAIS te whakamātautau tuatahi o te kaimātai hinengaro Roberta Vekslera, a Wisc (Wechsler Intelligence Tauine mō tamariki) me te Wechsler Intelligence Scale Reo (WPPSI) i whakawhanakehia i muri. putanga Pakeke kua mai i hou e toru nga wa: WAIS-R (1981), WAIS III (1997) me te i roto i 2008 WAIS-IV.

Rerekē whakamātautau i runga i tau wā me pauna hinengaro me paerewa, i te mea he te take ki te Stanford - Binet, e tātai e whakatairite i te hua o te tangata whakamātautau ki raraunga i ētahi atu kaupapa o te rōpū pakeke kotahi putanga katoa o te WAIS. IQ toharite (huri noa te ao), ko te kua riro 100 ngā ki ngā 2/3 i roto i te whānuitanga "noa" i 85 ki te 115. Ko te WAIS tikanga te paerewa i roto i whakamatautau i te IQ, a reira whakamahi Eysenck whakamātautau me Stanford - Binet, anake e ine mahora e kore ko reira 15, me 16. ko te whakamātautau Cattell ine ko 23.8 - maha ia homai he tinihanga rawa te IQ, e taea kotiti tomo te iwi kuware.

IQ High - maramarama tiketike?

IQ tukuna takoto te whakamahi i whakamātautau motuhake e whakarato he plurality o kaimātai hinengaro ngā mōhiohio whai hua. He tokomaha o ratou i te kaute toharite tuhia i te taumata o 145-150, me te whānui tonu - i waenganui i 120 me 190. I 120 hua whakamātautau i raro kore te tikanga, a ka he tino uaua hei hīkaro neke atu i te 190 ngā, ahakoa he mea e ahei.

Paora Kooijmans o te Hōrana whakaaro te kaiwhakarewa o IQ-whakamātautau te whānuitanga o runga, a ka ko ia te kaihanga o te whakamātautau tino taketake, me te inaianei matarohia o tenei momo. whakaturia ano e ia me te e whakahaerea e te kamupene IQ super tiketike:. «Glia", "Giga" me "Grail Tapu" I roto i te whakamātautau tino mohiotia, me te rongonui Kooijmans - ". Maha-whiriwhiri whakamātautau Kooijmans" "Test o poto", "te Tika Test" me Aroaro, mana me te whai wāhitanga Paula ko te pau, ko reira he wāhi o te wairua o whakamātautau IQ ultrahigh me hapori rite te katoa. whakamatautau Ētahi atu Guru matarohia maramarama tiketike - Ron Hoeflin Robert lato, Loran Dyubua, Mislav Predavets ko Dzhonaton Uay.

He momo rerekē o te whakaaro, e faaite mai ratou rerekē i ngā taumata rerekē. People whai pūkenga rerekē me ngā taumata o te maramarama: waha, paerewa, mokowā, ariā, pāngarau. Ko reira e ano ara rerekē o whakakitenga - te arorau, lateral, convergent, rārangi, kë, a tae noa faaururaa me poto.

heheu Paerewa me te teitei whakamātautau IQ he take whānui o te maramarama; engari he whakamātautau taumata-tiketike, te mea i whakaritea i roto i ngā huarahi.

E mea pinepine kōrero ratou e pā ana ki kaute IQ teitei, e te hunga kua huaina geniuses IQ, engari e mau tohu enei tau, me pehea tāpae ratou ake? He aha IQ score ko te tohu o te poto?

• IQ High - ko tetahi kaute i runga 140.
• IQ Genius - neke atu i te 160.
• Ko te poto nui - ōrite whakatauranga nui 200 ngā ranei.

Ko e pā ana tika ki te angitu i roto i te kura IQ High, engari ahakoa te mea he pānga i runga i te angitu i roto i te ora i roto i te whānui? Kia pehea te poto ia pai iwi ki IQ raro? Ētahi tohunga whakapono e, whakaritea ki ētahi atu āhuatanga, tae atu maramarama aronganui, kua IQ iti faufaa.

He rärangi o ngä tatau IQ

Na, me pehea rite e te tikanga kaute IQ? taka score IQ-whakamātautau Toharite o 100. 68% o nga hua o te IQ-whakamātautau i roto i te ine mahora i te toharite. Tenei te tikanga e IQ o te nuinga o te iwi, ko te waenganui i 85 me 115.

• Whakatika ki te 24 ngā: tupu hohonu.
• 25-39 ngā: nui hauātanga hinengaro.
• 40-54 ngā: tupu āhua.
• 55-69 ngā: ngawari hauātanga hinengaro.
• 70-84 ngā: Borderline disorders hinengaro.
• 85-114 ngā: maramarama toharite.
• 115-129 ngā: i runga toharite.
• 130-144 ngā: taranata āhua.
• 145-159 ngā: taranata tiketike.
• 160-179 ngā: tino tukuna.
• neke atu i te 179 ngā: he taranata hohonu.

He aha te mea IQ?

A, no te kōrero iwi e pā ana ki ngā whakamātautau maramarama, e karangatia e IQ "ngā o hi'oraa." He aha e tohu ratou i roto i te aro mātai o IQ? Hei matau tenei, he mea nui te tuatahi ki te mahino te whakamatautau rite te katoa.

whakamātautau o teie mahana ki te whakatau i te tau whakarea o te maramarama e te nuinga i runga i te whakamātautau taketake whakawhanakehia i roto i te tīmatanga o te 1900 i te kaimātai hinengaro French Alfred Binet ki te tautuhi i ngā ākonga e hiahia āwhina anō.

I runga i to ratou rangahau whakawhanakehia Binet te ariā o te tau hinengaro. Tamariki o etahi rōpū pakeke ki te whakautu hohoro ki ngā pātai e te tikanga hoatu whakautu ki ngā tamariki pakeke - ratou pai tau te wā hinengaro. inenga IQ Binet i runga i nga aravihi toharite o ngā tamariki o te tetahi rōpū pakeke.

E hangaia IQ-whakamātautau ki te ine i te kaha o te tangata ki te whakaoti rapanga, me te take. Aromātai o maramarama huawehe ko te mehua o te maramarama pūkoro me ö. whakaatu ngā pehea i haere te whakamātautau whakaritea ki te tahi atu iwi i roto i tenei rōpū tau pai.

IQ mahara

Tohatoha o tata IQ urupare Krivoy Bella - pere-ānau tihi e hāngai ana ki te maha rawa o ngā hua whakamātautau. Kei te ka te pere tuku iho i runga i ia taha - i tetahi taha, he tatau i raro i te toharite, me i te tahi atu - teitei.

Ko te uara toharite kupu ōrite te tapeke toharite, tatau mā te tāpiri i te hua katoa, me te wehewehe i te taha o te katoa maha o ngā.

ine mahora ko te mehua o rerekētanga i roto i te taupori. He ine mahora iti tohu e he te nuinga o nga ngā raraunga tata rawa ki te uara taua. Ko te ine mahora teitei tohu e te tikanga e nekehia atu nga ngā raraunga i te toharite. I roto i whakamatautau i te IQ paerewa ine 15.

piki IQ

Ki ia whakatupuranga o piki IQ. huaina ana tēnei āhuatanga ko te pānga Flynn, ko muri i te kaihōpara Jim Flynn. Mai 1930, ka e whakamahia whānuitia whakamātautau papa'iraa, kua tuhia kairangahau he hua tonu, me te tino i roto i tatau whakamātautau i roto i ngā aromātai o te iwi huri noa i te ao. fokotu'u mai Flynn e tenei hua ko e tika ana ki te whakapai ake o to tatou kaha ki te whakaoti rapanga, whakaaro matūkore, ka whakamahi i arorau.

E ai ki Flynn, te whakatupuranga whakamutunga ki te kua mahi te nuinga ki te raruraru raima, me te motuhake o ratou taiao tonu, rite atu e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga waitara me hypothetical iwi hou whakaaro. te huarahi ki te whakaako mo te 75 tau kua hipa e kore anake e, engari kua puta ke tino, ka whai wāhi atu me te ake iwi, ka rite ki te tikanga, mahi hinengaro.

He aha whakamatautau mehua?

whakamātautau IQ arotake arorau, whakaaro mokowā, whakaaro-waha, me te arorau, me ngā āheinga ataata. e kore e ratou te tikanga ki te tautuhi i te matauranga i roto i ngā kaupapa motuhake, hei whakamātautau hoki maramarama e kore he tahi mea e taea te ako i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapai ake i tō tapeke. Engari, enei whakamātautau aromatawai te kaha ki te whakamahi i arorau ki te whakaoti rapanga, ia ite tauira, me te hohoro hanga hononga i waenganui i ngā mōhiohio rerekē.

Ahakoa ka taea e maha koutou rongo e nga tuakiri tino pērā i Albert Einstein ko Stiven Hoking, i te IQ, o 160 teitei ranei, etahi kaitono peresideniraa i motuhake te IQ ranei, nga tau e tika whakatau tata. I roto i te nuinga o te wā i reira he kore taunakitanga e haere ake enei iwi rongonui te paerewa IQ-whakamātautau me te ona hua tūmatanui atu i tuku.

He aha te te kaute toharite ko te 100?

Psychometrician whakamahi i te tukanga mohiotia rite Waeine, ki whakarite me te whakamārama i te uara o ngā IQ. whakamana ana tēnei tukanga e te whakamātautau i runga i te tauira māngai te whakamahi i te hua ki te waihanga i tētahi paerewa paerewa e ai ki te whakarite te aromātai takitahi ranei. Mai te kaute toharite ko te 100, e taea hohoro ngaio whakataurite aromatawai takitahi ki te toharite ki te whakatau hinga ranei ratou i roto i tohatoha noa.

kia rerekē ngā pūnaha whakarōpū i tetahi kaiwhakaputa ki tetahi, ahakoa he tokomaha ahu ki te whai i te aromātai pūnaha taua. Hei tauira, i runga i te tauine o te Wechsler Pakeke Intelligence Test me te Stanford - tatau Binet i te whānuitanga o 85-115 e whakaaro ki te kia "toharite".

He aha te aromātai rite nga whakamātautau?

Whakamātautau ki te whakatau i te IQ hangaia ki te ine i maramarama ö me te pūkoro. Ö ngā te mōhiotanga me ngā pūkenga riro puta noa to ratou oraraa, a pūkoro - te kaha ki te korerorero, whakaoti rapanga, me te hanga tikanga o ngā mōhiohio waitara.

whakaaro maramarama turanga te motuhake o te akoranga, me te whangai ki te whakaiti i roto i te pakeke. Ö e pā ana rite hāngai ki te whakangungu me te wheako me te tonu te piki haere i runga i te wā.

whakahaere Test mō te maramarama e kaimātai hinengaro raihana. He momo rerekē o whakamātautau, he tokomaha o nei ngā he maha o subtests hangaia ki te arotake i ngā pūkenga pāngarau, pūkenga reo, mahara, pūkenga, korerorero ai, me te tere o te tukatuka mōhiohio. Kei te ka ngā ratou hua ki te hanga i te katoa kaute o IQ.

He mea nui ki te mōhio e, ahakoa maha kōrero e pā ana ki te toharite iti me te IQ o maramarama, he whakamātautau kotahi i runga i te taumata o te maramarama e kore e tīari. whakamahi teie mahana i te momo o ngā whakamātautau, me ngā Stanford - .. Binet Intelligence Tauine pakeke Wexler whakamātautau Eysenck me ngā whakamātautau o ngā tautōhito Woodcock - Johnson. He rerekē ia o ratou i roto i taua he reira me pehea te aromatawai reira, me pehea e te tikanga nga hua.

He aha te whakaaro kei te he IQ iti?

Ko te IQ, he rite ki raro atu i te 70 ngā, whakaaro te iti ranei. I roto i te mua, whakaaro he whakarea taua o maramarama te he paearu, mo te retardation hinengaro, hauātanga hinengaro āhuatanga e waimaerotanga hinengaro nui.

I teie mahana, Heoi, ko te IQ iho te kore whakamahia mo te tātaritanga o te hauātanga hinengaro. Engari, ko te paearu o te tātaritanga he IQ iti ki te taunakitanga e vai enei fakangatangata hinengaro i roto i te tau o te 18 tau, ka whai wāhi e rua, neke atu rānei ngā wāhi urutau, pērā i te kōrero, me te awhina-whaiaro.

Mō 2.2% o te iwi katoa i te tapeke IQ raro 70.

Na he aha te auraa i te reira - ki te whai i te IQ toharite?

Ka taea e te taumata IQ e he tohu whānui pai o te kaha ki te whakaaroaro me te whakaoti rapanga, engari kua fokotu'u maha kaimātai hinengaro e kore nga whakamātautau e whakakitea te pono katoa.

I roto i nga mea ruarua e kore e taea ana te ruri ratou - pūkenga mahi me taranata. He tangata ki te IQ toharite taea e he kaiwhakatangitangi nui, he kaipeita, he kaiwaiata ranei te mīhini. whakawhanakehia Hinengaro Howard Gardner te ariā o mau ite maha, hangaia ki te whakatika i tēnei hapa.

I tua atu, i kitea te kairangahau e taea IQ te huri i runga i te wā. Kua tuku te ako o taiohi ki āputa hinengaro o 4 tau hua, nga uara o i rerekē e 20 ngā.

whakamātautau IQ kore hoki e pā ana ki te aro mātai o te pākiki, me pehea te pai matau te tangata i te kare, me te nona ratou. Ētahi tohunga, tae atu i te kaituhi Daniel Goleman fokotuu e kia noa atu nui atu i te IQ ite aronganui (EQ). kitea nga kairangahau e te IQ tiketike tino e taea te āwhina te iwi i roto i te maha ngā wāhi o te ora, engari he taurangi o te angitu i roto i te ora e kore e mahi.

Heoi manukanuka kore he tika ngaro te poto, mai kore te nuinga o te iwi nui he geniuses. Just rite kore te taumata tiketike o IQ e kī angitu, e kore e reo IQ iti ranei kī kore mediocrity ranei. Ētahi atu āhuatanga, pērā i te mahi pakeke, manawanui, te tuutuu ore, me huru whānui he wāhanga nui o te puzzle.