Iwi Russian Kōhure. Personalities Historical o Russia

e kore kua Russia ite te kaimahi o te iwi tino pūkenga nei, ara, ki te kahore i runga i te torona, he pānga nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te kāwanatanga. I roto ia ratou - te pūtaiao me kaituhi, Engineers pūmanawa me haere nui, hōpara a'oi me te wikitoria o Siberia, te poto hōia ... Na, o te akoranga, nga rangatira teitei. Ko e tahoê katoa ratou i tetahi mea - te aroha o te whenua i roto i i noho ratou, meinga ratou āhuatanga nui me mahinga tino.

Ko wai e mahara koe, ina kite koe i te parau "te iwi Russian nui"? Rārangi maha katoa te taua:

• I roto i te tianara haamana'o Zhukov, Kutuzov ko Suvorov.
• Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te pūtaiao ka karanga te Lomonosov, Mendeleev, Pavlov.
• I roto i nga kaituhi i o whakataetae Pushkin, Lermontov ko Chekhov.

O te akoranga, te iwi nui katoa Russian, ara, ki te whakarārangi tika koe ratou i te ingoa, tika e kore e "pai" i roto i tenei tuhinga, na ka arotahi tatou anake i runga i etahi o ratou. I tua atu, "i waenganui i nga rārangi" i roto i tenei rauemi e whakahuatia maha atu taata, e me mohio nga tangata mātauranga.

Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov

Ko wai e kore e mohio o tenei tangata faahiahia, i nei pūtaiao kāinga i roto i tona wa i hanga he pakaruhanga tūturu ki Horizons hou?! Kia aroha mai, e kore mahara ki katoa, i roto i te mea ki te mahi me te ako whakamarama tuaiti hei heke mai tikanga i. Heoi, he tokomaha o nga tangata nui i roto i te hītori o Russia kihai i piri o te papai: he rangatira hōia ngingila Suvorov te tikanga pai ki te moe i runga i nga papa, me te kai paraoa anake te hoia o ohie.

whanau Misha i roto i te whānau Vasiliya Dorofeevicha ko Helena, 8 (19) Whiringa 1711. Anga ke ki maha pukapuka hītori, kihai i rawakore te utuafare. Ka rite ki muri haamana'o Mikhail ia, tona whaea, ia tata i kore mahara no te mea i mate ia wawe, a korero o tona papa rite "he tangata o te pai, me te ataahua i roto i nga ara, engari kawea ake i roto i te kuware oti." Heoi, i tenei huarahi e hāngai ana mahi-ki maha iwi o taua wā.

he iti noho rawa fiefia a humarie Mikaera, engari marenatia tona papa mo te toru o nga wa. Kōwhiringa ko Irina Semenovna Korelskaya. puta tonu te wahine Boy "kino, hae, me te apo kōkā." Oddly nui, ko reira ia nei te whakatangihanga a te arataki i roto i tona ora. "Zlobstvuya me ngaru" i tona riri mo pukapuka, faaoti kōkā ki te tamata i te ara tamatahia ki kia marena ki taitama te pehi. Lomonosov, no te rongonga e pā ana ki tenei whakaaro, rere tonu ki Moscow.

Saint Petersburg

I roto i te 1731, mai te pūtaiao heke mai ki te whakapaipai emepaea mua, te wahi tīmata ora hou ki wāhanga taihara: i roto i te tikanga ki te whakauru i roto i te whare wānanga e hiahiatia ana, kua te tamaiti ki te haapaari i fakatāutaha tuhinga, miharo ana te tama a te rangatira. fakamanamanai Ahakoa he ngāue tenei ra taua ki te raruraru nui, a tae noa i taua wa i reira mahi wehe ki te kupu mate, kia e rerekē te taitama Mikaera itoito nohinohi, me te hiahia mō te mohio!

Heoi, tata katoa o te iwi faahiahia o Russia kore e kore i tukua e mamahu nui. Na, ko pea Mikoyan rererangi te tetahi anake e taea e totohe i rite ngā ki Stalin.

Ako tāwāhi

roa-tau e wha tamataraa Mikhail Vasilyevich i ngā kura rohe, engari i roto i te 1735 i tonoa e ia ki a St. Petersburg, i tetahi o nga pūtahi i raro i te parirau o te Russian Academy o Sciences. He ia hohoro whakamatauria ia hei mahi ahupūngao tino, rere "te minamina ki te apo mō ngā meá." Kitenga i tona taranata, kaiārahi anake e tuku te tau te aivanaa taitamariki me te fafau ki te ako ki waho i roto i Freiburg. Kia aroha mai, tata i takoha rongonui katoa Russia i te wa ki te whiwhi ratou mātauranga ki waho, kia rite ki a Pita i roto i to tatou whenua i reira he torutoru rawa ngā kaiako tino pai.

Ka rite ki i roto i Russia, te ākonga i ki rawa pakeke te mahi: e ratou e kore tonu i whai moni noa mo te kai tonu, e kore e ki te whakahua i ngā pukapuka, pepa, me te kakahu. I matou ki te tiki atu, te mahi ohipa haehaa. Moe fakamasiva me pohokore, i honoa e ki te ahotea hinengaro nui, nui tottered hauora o ngā ākonga katoa.

Hoki ki Russia

I roto i 1740 ka hoki te pūtaiao ki Russia. He ko e rua ngā take: i pai ki te'inisititiutí te hopoia i roto i o ratou ākonga me ngā rerekētanga pūmau ki ngā kaiako Tiamana. I te kāinga tuatahi tutaki ia pai, a kua i roto i 1745, ka Mikhail Lomonosov te ahorangi o te matū. Just 34 tau tau, i maere noa nei mo aua wa! Ka rite ki nga tangata nunui katoa o Russia, kihai i ia whakakake, tonu ki te mahi i waho i te mea kiano i matao, e kore e wareware ki te tohatoha wa mo ia o ratou ākonga.

Famous mō te he ki tonu ngā i roto i te whawhai e mura me ngā tautohetohe polemic ki G. F. Millerom me ētahi atu "Tiamana", maka ana ratou i roto i te ingoa kino "whakaitinga āta o te iwi Russian, he pai ki te mohio ki ona whakatutukitanga hītori." Ehara i te mea maere e tokomaha o ana hoariri i waiho te kino hoariri o te orometua taitamariki. Heoi, kihai i ngakaukore te whakamutunga: ko tonu mahi Michael i roto i te pūtaiao, te aufauraa i takoha motuhake ki te matū. Ahakoa he māmā ake ki te ingoa i te rohe o te matauranga i roto i nei kihai ia i pai ki te tohu nui atu i te kotahi mahi! Lomonosov tino mate tiaki kore anake ana kaitākaro, engari ano hoki ki era atu pūtaiao, i roto nei i te heke mai te iwi rongonui o Russia.

Ahakoa te take mai German G. V. Rihmana, e mate fakamamahi i te wa o te ngā i te hiko, engari kei te rere e pā ana ki tona whānau he mōhio tika, me te nanakia ratou tautohetohe whango ki bureaucrats kore e te hunga e hiahia ana ki te mohio ki te takoha o te mate i roto i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao ia.

Hoa me hoariri

I roto i nga tau katoa o te noho i roto i te St Petersburg i te University i reira ko he maha nui o hoa, me te noa atu hoariri, e te hunga tino mate hae o te pai ki a ia te marae emepaea. A, no te i roto i te 1765 ka mate ia o te kakā nui, rongonui i taua wa, i te rohipehe Sumarokov mea o tenei hui pouri: "Tahuri i ka hei wairangi kore ake haruru" Aua'e, te Kaiaka University i na nui, a kia nui ko ana devotees haavare ore hoa me ngā ākonga e kore ko e hae o te hunga e tawai i ki horoi i roto i te kororia.

Kia aroha mai, kihai i tokomaha whika hītori o Russia mawhiti te taua e pa ana. Nui, Pushkin, "to matou nga mea katoa", i waiho i raro ki nga porowhita kahurangi o te hamani-tino kino. kihai i rite ki te rohi pehe tona hangatonu me hiahia ki te kia rite nunui. Na te aha i nga iwi tino o Russia o te rau tau 19? Wā, ka te whakarau o te ao mō ngā tau ki te haere mai?

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky

Ahakoa i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, te wahi e kore e aroha rawa o ki te mohio ki nga hua o to tatou compatriots reira, kororia tino Tsiolkovsky. Katoa te ke atu e maha iwi rongonui o Russia rite i te wa, a i roto i to tatou wa, e kore e mohio te reira. Hoki te wa roa i whakapono ai e Konstantin E. - ". Whakaaro rawa ke, me te unscientific" tika pūtaiao rawa rereke ki te

I whanau ia i roto i 1857. Ka rite ki te tamaiti, ko ahau tamaiti kaha rawa, me te pehi e pai tākaro ki reira kata kino: hurihia tata katoa te sledding roa ra, ngenge me te koma, ko ia rawa makariri. Ko te mate tata whakamatea ia. I muri i whakaora, ka tahuri te reira i roto i taua hopoia whakarongo Kostya he nui te reo.

Mau hopearaa, te timatanga o te whakangungu

Rongo mate, Heoi, arahina ki te meka i tangohia o te ngahau mua o ana hoa te tamaiti, kei te timata ia ki te whakaatu i te moni i roto i te mahi tino, hokohoko nga mahi katoa tipua, me te ngahau. Oho tona matewai e tineia mō te matauranga.

Tata i te iwi nui katoa Russian te taua huru tangohia: i lau kotahi wa gunsmith tohunga Fedorov rau o ngā pukapuka i runga i rehe me te pū, whakahaere ia nga mano o ngā ka hanga he maha maere o tikanga ki te whakamana i ō rātou ariā.

I te tau 1869 haere Kostya ki te kura. haamana'o ia e "i homai te ako ki te uaua nui, pera te kaiako, ahau tata kore rongo, ua he mita kerekere anake." I roto i te 1870, mate tona tuakana, a tata tonu haere ki te urupa, me tona whaea, taea ki te mau tenei rongo e wehingia ana. riro Constantine rawa uaua.

Moscow

, Te kitenga āheinga faahiahia tama Matua, whakatau ki te tonoa ia ki a Moscow (1873), mo te whakauru ki te kura o Engineering. O te akoranga, no te mea o te rongo mate kihai i mahi. Ko te heke mai o te whetu te hōpara ātea whakatau ki te noho i roto i Moscow, rave i roto i te mātauranga-whaiaro. tukuna Matua tama 10-15 moni ia marama. Ko reira he moni rawa tika i roto i aua ra, ko Kostya kai anake taro pango me te tea wai.

Ko ohie te whakahoki: i roto i te marama pau hēneti 90 anake te i runga i te kai, me te mea katoa atu i haere ki te hoko pukapuka, taputapu, me te tahi atu mea e hiahiatia ana mo nga ngā. I roto i te tika e toru nga tau, i 1973 ki te 1876-th, te wā Tsiolkovsky kaha ki te rangatira tata rua hōtaka hākinakina rawa i runga i to ratou ake, e noho ana i roto i hoki ra i roto i te whare pukapuka i Moscow'inisititiuti. I roto i te 1876, korerotia te papa e i heke tona hauora, me ai tana tama hoki ki a Kaluga.

mahi mātauranga

hoki Constantine kāinga kore anake te hawhe-turi, engari ano tino waimaero kite. He waimarie, i tona papa whānui, me te pai-hono, hanga reira ngāwari ki te tango i te tamaiti hoki te tūranga whakaako i te kura nui rohe he. I reira whakanuia ia ia kia pai e tuaina a ia i roto i kahui ākonga.

I te tau 1878 oho te whānau ki Ryazan. He ki tonu mahi whakaako, i Tsiolkovsky ki te tango i te whakamātautau tonu. Ahakoa te meka i ko ia e kore hiahia i roto i te teolosia me ētahi atu whakaritenga mo tenei pūtaiao, i taea e ia i roto i te wa poto ka taea ki te ako i nga mea katoa e hiahia ana koe me te ki whiti ki te kia whakamatautauria. I roto i te meka, he matewai maere mō te matauranga rerekē whika hītori katoa i roto i to tatou whenua. Na, ki te Hiha nui Pita te nui, e riro i te mātauranga tino pai, i taea i roto i te torutoru haora ako pinepine o uaua tātai pāngarau, ki te whakamahi i tonu ratou i roto i te tātai uaua tino i roto i te hanga o kaipuke.

ngā mahi pūtaiao

I muri tau e toru noa i tuhituhi e ia tona pukapuka "Theory o Haurehu" (parau papa'i i mua i kore te to tatou wa tae). Kua takaro te wehe o te pūtaiao i te hapori rangahau ki a ia he kata kino ka tonoa e ia te kuputuhi o tona mahi Mendeleev, ka mea ia e te whakatau katoa whakaturia atu i roto i te kuputuhi, he reira tino pono ... e te tika tona rangahau kua kahore uara, mai i kitea ai neke atu i te 25 tau ki muri.

Heoi, ko te kore o te "Space papa Russian" kihai i whakararuraru i, ahakoa hoha. Ka rite ki maha whika hītori i Russia, i ia he pūāhua rawa kaha. I roto i tenei ko ia rawa rite ki te tangata e ka mau painga o ana mahi i muri mai: Yuri Gagarin ko tetahi o maha tono mo te rere tuatahi ki te wāhi, engari e tika ana ki te tuutuu ore, me te manawanui o te Jura ko te ingoa mohiotia katoa i runga i te ao.

Tauwhiro ki aeronautics

I roto i te 1885, ka ko ia koroheke, nga tau 28 anake tau, Tsiolkovsky i kua etahi mahi pai i roto i te parae o aeronautics i. Ko te kaupapa ko reira rawa ngā, engari no te mea ake mai faaoti ia ki te mahi anake ki ngā tirohanga i roto i tenei rohe.

Whakatika ki te 1917 te kaipūtaiao tata tau ka unga tauira o ratou tuhinga i roto i ngā pūtahi pūtaiao i roto i te whenua, tamata ia ki te anaanatae ratou industrialists whanaketanga. Ko katoa reira ki kahore he painga, ki a ia kahore tetahi whakarongo. I roto i tangata whakairia kino rereke Tsiolkovsky, a korerotia anake te inoi o matua i roto i-ture whakaorangia ia i pana me te whakatoi.

I roto i te meka, kihai i tokomaha te iwi kōhure o Russia, me ētahi atu whenua i roto i tona ra rongo i hono to'utangatá kahore pai, a he tokomaha o ratou ara mate i roto i te rawakore me te pouri.

āhukahuka

I muri i te Revolution, ka te ora o te kaiputaiao nui māmā. Kua i roto i 1918 reira te mutunga deservedly i pōtitia mema hōnore o te Academy o Sciences, e tīmata ana ki te utu i te tahua pai. Heoi, e kore te mea rosy katoa: i roto i 1919 i roto i te whare o te kaipūtaiao kī te hunga i rite rima iwi i roto i nga kakahu harangotengote, i muri nei ra Tsiolkovsky rima te ui i roto i te toa o te Lubyanka.

whakaaro te tangata i te porowhita rawa o te mahi pūtaiao kāwanatanga Soviet hou nui, engari no te mea kei te tukua reira tonu, kahore tiaki: taunakitanga tiaki o kaiwhakaatu e ko ano reira te hua o te faahaparaa, engari tupu te semeio. I roto i te 1935 Tsiolkovsky, he tau kua koroheke, i tuhituhia e ia he pukapuka ki a Stalin, i roto i i faaite e ia he tumanako i hopohopo ai e ka arotake tona rangahau i te iti rawa i te mana Soviet, pera i roto i nga tau o mua katoa, "ko ia ngenge o kurua koutou matenga i roto i te kuware o hoa." Oddly nui, engari E faatae mai tonu Stalin tenei pukapuka i te momo o te reta, te tuku whakahoki te kaipūtaiao.

I roto i te reira ka whakawhetai ki te Tsiolkovsky mo te wāhi nui ki te whanaketanga o te matauranga pūtaiao, whiu tonu ki te whakahaere i to ratou rangahau. Ko e me'a fakamamahí, hohoro i muri i tenei pūtaiao e mate o te mate pukupuku puku. I muri i tona matenga, he tokomaha o nga mahi o te iwi tino kua tino hou: nga tohunga o te rererangi me te pere-hanga ahumahi a muri kitea e runga i te tekau tau i mua ki te rangahau kaha i roto i ēnei wāhanga, codger tawhito i Kaluga kē tawhiti whakanekehanga i roto i tenei whakaaro.

Tsiolkovsky ariā e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te wāhi hohonu, te hanga o kaipuke i ohuraa o te whenua, te hiahia ki te niu whakataunga wā roa-i runga i te marama me Mars ... tenei katoa ka kitea e tenei ra te haamauraa i roto i te mahi o ngā pūkenga hou. e kore Te haamana'oraa i te ingoa o te iwi nui Russian ka wareware Tsiolkovsky!

Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky

Ārahi tatauria Russian o tau rongonui, e kore e taea e tatou e wareware e pā ana ki te kau taki hōia, nei mahi kore e tika whakaorangia te whenua i te whakaekenga. Na ko Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. Whanau rautaki i mua nei i roto i 1896, i roto i te wa o te Russian Empire. mea ana ngā kaituhi i whanau ia rite wawe rite 1894 i roto i te meka. Ko te hopoia paku heke te tau mo te whakauru ki te mahi i roto i te Ope Soviet. whakakitea e ia te kaha me te hiahia mō te mahi hōia i te wawe tau.

I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, piri ia te ope ki runga ki te pūtake noa. Kua i roto i 1915, i te aroaro reira ki te Cross o St. George te toru o tohu, engari he tohu pai-tika ana no te mea o te whakama uiui, me te kore i whiwhi. I roto i te parau tumu, homai te huru o te Sovietí ki taua whakahau, e kore i te reira na kino.

I roto i te 1917, i whakanekehia ake ia ki te āpiha kore-whakahau ano, engari tika he tau i muri i whakamararatia tona wiki katoa, ka a Rokossovsky ki tonu tona mahi ki mau Army Whero. Heoi, hoki ana ratonga Konstantin Konstantinovich hohoro whakawhiti ki te rangatira matua hoia. I roto i te Pakanga Civil, i 1919, taumanutia ia ki te mate i roto i te kotahi pakanga saber pau o nga kaitohutohu a Kolchak.

He tau i muri mai ka te rangatira o te ropu eke hoiho. whai wāhi ia i roto i tata katoa te whawhai nui o taua wā, i te tai'oraa i te mahi o Tukhachevsky, o nei te rota o te podcherpnul whai hua. arahina tenei katoa, me te tona auhoaraa ki etahi repressed muri rangatira me te whakahau ano-kore āpiha i roto i te mahi o te Army Imperial ki tona hopu i roto i te tau 1937. I roto i te meka, i roto i tenei "raruraru" i maha tau hītori o te wā: te taua Korolyov, te papa o te hōtaka wāhi Soviet, pau he wahi nui o tona ora i muri tutaki.

whare herehere

Whakatika noa 1940, ko ia i roto i te whare herehere. Ko te absurdity o tona mutunga i taua i "hopukina i runga i te faahaparaa Adolfa Yushkevicha," ia i ko te hoa i roto i te Civil Rokossovskogo. Here i matau te Konstantin anake i mate tona hoa i mua, engari no te mea i te pae tino e taea ki te hoatu i tetahi taunakitanga ki a ia. Ko reira tika ki te mea e kore te mea tonu i tika ai te tāmitanga e.

Na, i roto i te haurongo o Rokossovsky ko reira te wāhanga ka ara ia tona wehenga i roto i tino kino te rangi (ko reira i roto i te rohe Trans-Baikal). E kore te iwi i kakahu noa mahana, i pau hoiho irava roa. Ka rite ki te hua, ka he wahi nui o nga kaimahi hukapuri, he tokomaha i mate o te kakā i muri. He maha nga hoiho whawhati ratou waewae. i waimarie noa kaiwhakahaere Future e ko ana mahi tohu rite "mahue", ahakoa i taua wa i pupuri i raro i taua "auru huna" ka ko tautea mate i raro i nga ture o te whawhai.

Ko te Pakanga Patriotic nui me te wā he vahaataimi

Maitai whakanuia e ia ia i roto i te pakanga o Kursk, ka te whakaoranga o Peraruhia. Hoa, me te ara hoariri whakanuia tona taranata hōia undoubted. I muri i te whawhai, i ia he nui ki te whakahoki i te Russian (Soviet) mana i roto i tona Poland taketake. Ka rite ki tau nui katoa hītori, mahi ia i waho tohu ia. Ka rite ki te rangatira hōia ngingila Zhukov, e arahina te Army Soviet, e kore i taea e Rokossovsky moe hoki ra ka ui te reira mau huru. Me kï reira e kua whakaaetia tonu Marshall tona tuipau kotahi: ". Ko te ope kia tonu tōrangapū i runga, e kore e te hōia pokanoa i roto i te reira" Te nuinga no te mea o tenei, i whakaaro ia ara "nunui" o te wā Soviet.

He maha muhu'i tuhituhia i runga i Rokossovsky, kihai i haere ïa no te mea o te manuki. mohio tangata katoa e kore he hiahia anake i roto i perturbations i roto i te taumata teitei o te kaha Konstantin, engari ano kaha te ātete wawaotanga i roto i mau ohipa tōrangapū.

ka mate tenei tangata i roto i te 1968. I roto i te Kua mahara Rokossovskogo kua tuhituhia pukapuka maha, me pakimaero, e taea e kitea tona māhunga me urupa i roto i te katoa o mua Soviet Union. Tutorials mō te take hōia, me tātai i tuhituhi Konstantin ako tonu i roto i hunga pukenga hōia o te Russian Federation.

I roto i tenei tuhinga i te whika nui hītori - rite matau koutou, e kore e anake te aha e taea e tatou e te hunga whakakake o. He rārangi oti o nga iwi rongonui katoa e mea au, to tatou whenua tona oraraa rawa, he rawa te roa. A ki te whakaingoa ia ka whakahua i te iti rawa poto ana ratonga ki te fatherland, kahore nui hoki te pukapuka rawa matotoru.

Ko wai i te iwi nui i roto i Russia? E riro te reira he ki ngā anake etahi o ratou. Kia a tika mea i te iwi tūturu ki te pukapuka whakapaipai ratou. e kore e ratou i hiahia rongo, engari noa tamata rite pai rite taea ki te kawe i te mahi kua tautuhi e te whenua mo ratou. He pono ka kia whakaputaina kotahi pukapuka, e ka kia whakawhitia ki te iwi tino o Russia o te rautau 21. Ka taea e anake tatou tumanako e nga haamana'oraa o ratou to'utangata tukua ki te mea e pā ana ki a ratou rite te pai.