Kaihōpara pākoki Pita Freih: biography, te ora whaiaro, ngā āhuatanga me ngā meka ngā

Pita Lorenz Edfred Freih (02.02.1886-02.09.1957) - Danish kaihōpara Arctic, kaituhi o ngā pukapuka maha, tohunga tikanga tangata, me te kairīpoata. Tona koioranga, ka kia whakatapua ki to tatou tuhinga tona ora whaiaro, me te haere. E rave rahi i roto i te ora o Pita Freih e pā ana ki te Soviet Union. tae mai ia Russia, a whai wāhi i roto i haerenga ki te whanaketanga Arctic. Ia tahi ano ki nga kaihōpara neke Soviet. Na te aha e matau ana tatou e pā ana ki tona ora whaiaro? mea ratou noho ia i roto i Greenland, a tae noa ka mau ki te wahine Eskimo? I roto i te whakaahua Arctic kaihōpara titiro rite te Rapa tūturu. Tautautefito i roto i te tata ki tona wahine Petite. He aha te mea te reira - tōnounoú whakaahua faka te mauiui tino Freih gigantism ranei? He aha ngā pukapuka i tuhituhia e ia? Ka taea e ratou te pānui i te tangata ngawari i roto i te kupu pūtaiao? Ka tenei katoa e kōrero i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Biography, te timatanga o te haere mahi

whanau a Pita Freyhen i roto i te pa o Nykøbing, Denmark, February 2, 1886. Ana matua, ko Benzon Lorenz me Anna Petrina Frederikka (née Rasmussen). Boy i tamarikitanga i ngā ki te moana ano. Pea pāngia ira Viking. Otiia puta te tangata taitamariki i te University, "philology". Ua tauturu tenei ia i muri ki te riro rongonui rite te kaituhi me te kairīpoata. I roto i te 1906, i haina ia i roto i te mau melo o te ope, me te, kupu, ki te 1908 ako Greenland. Otira ka hoki ia whare, me te kore mutu moe o te Far Te Tai Tokerau. I roto i te 1910, ia ko tona hoa uma, tetahi kaihōpara neke Knud Rasmussen whakaturia he teihana-Thule hokohoko. noho ia i roto i te Eskimos i 1913 ki te 1919. I muri mai ka e ia he mema o tetahi ope, i ko te mahere taipitopito o Greenland (1921-1924 gg.).

whānau

I runga i te ora whaiaro o te kaihōpara neke mohiotia e i marenatia e ia e toru ngā wā. Ko te wā tuatahi i marenatia tino ia ki te Navarana Mekupaluk Eskimo ingoa. whanau ia tana tahu, he tama Mekusaka Avataka Igimakssusuktoranguapaluka me te tamahine Pipaluk Jette Tukuminguak Kasaluk Palika Hager. roa tenei faaipoiporaa tekau tau (i 1911 ki te 1921), i mate Navarana o "rewharewha Spanish" - he urutā e wehingia ana o rewharewha, i ngā he takoha tangata nui i roto i Western Europe me Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. Ko te wa tuarua Pita Freih faaipoipohia i roto i te tau 1924 i roto i te Makarini Vang Lauridsen. Otiia faaoti te tokorua ki te whakarere i te 1944. I te pae hopea, i roto i te 1945, hono te kaihōpara neke tona aitua ki Dagmar Kohno (1907-1991). Mootua Freih, inuite (Eskimos) Pita, e matau ana tatou e i pōtitia ia tavana Nuantsinaka i Canada i 1979 ki te 1984.

Life i roto i Greenland. Ko te teihana turanga Tula

Kia Greenland tae mai, kihai i taea e Freih ora i waho reira motu nui rawa o te ao. ka hoki ia ki reira i roto i te tau 1910, me te tūturu hono tona aitua ki te iwi taketake, te Inuit. Fakataha ki tetahi atu kaihōpara neke, Knud Rasmussen, whakaturia Freih Tula. Ko tōna ingoa, kua riro tenei whakato i Última Thule - te take poutāpeta raki. Tula ko te turanga hoki ngā haerenga maha. Ia tonu noho i 1913 ki te 1919, Pita me tana wahine Freih, Navarana. hanga kaihōpara pākoki ope maia uta, rua whiti Greenland i reti kuri. kawea Tapeke i 1912 ki te 1933 i roto i whitu taua haerenga.

He aha a Pita Freih: tiketike, me te taimaha

I roto i te 1958, whakaputaina Denmark he pukapuka o haamana'oraa e pā ana ki tenei kaihōpara faahiahia pitokore. Ko tōna kaituhi ko te tamahine i tona Pipaluk tuatahi faaipoiporaa, Uvdluriak Inuterssuak teina Navarany, Niels Bohr, Nobel Laureate, me ētahi atu. "Ko e Tohi a Freyhene" tonu o nga kupu mahana e pā ana ki ngā kaihōpara neke toa, e hono ratou whakarau ki Inuit katoa, a tae noa marenatia ki a ratou. I roto i te tahi atu mea, whakaarahia reira te pātai o te tupu o tenei tangata ahurei. I muri i te katoa, te whakaahua tawhito, e whakaatu ana i te kaihōpara neke Pita Freih ki tana wahine, ano he tangata kaha tūturu titiro ia. Ko tutuki tenei pānga te tika ki te wāhinga o tana wahine Dagmar (nee Gale).

Ahakoa Freih, rite mea ratou e pā ana ki reira, ko te hunga e mohio ki a ia, he roroa, mālohi hanga te tangata. Ahakoa Thor Heyerdahl, e kore ko ia poto roa, puta faahiahia e tona ahua. Ko e kore tenei toa whakamahia tona kaha mo te kino. I mohiotia ia rite te tangata kaungāongo'i tino dobrogoi, tonu e haere mai ana ki te āwhina o te ngoikore. He tokomaha kōrero ki reira rite te kaiwawao tika tangata. I muri i te katoa, i whawhai ia mo te ora pai mo nga iwi taketake o te Far Te Tai Tokerau. Mai i te whārangi o te "pukapuka o Freyhene" e fehangahangai tatou ki te ahua o te kairangahau, he kaituhi pūmanawa me te tahatai.

Akoranga i roto i te tahi atu whenua

Greenland ko te whenua o ana moe. Ko te āhua pakeke o te tahi atu wāhanga o te Far Te Tai Tokerau e kore tawhiri ia ki te ope iti. ka mau ia ki te whai wāhi, me ka faaoti nga Ameliká ki te hanga i te pakipūmeka e pā ana ki te ataahua tūturu o Alaska, ahu tenei ope kiriata. Pita Freih tae mai te Hudson. I muri mai, haere ia ki te wāhi o te raki tino o Sweden (Lapland) me Norway. I roto i te 1935, kua whakaritea e Arctic kaihōpara ki te huri i te wa o te tio neke i runga i te āhuarangi o savannas me mo tenei whakaaro haere ki Āwherika ki te Tonga. Ia haere ano puta noa i Te Tai Tokerau me Tonga Amerika. Otiia ko te nuinga o te katoa pai ia te āhua raki pakeke. I roto i te 1928 me te 1937 ka mau ia wahi i roto i te rua ngā haerenga Soviet, i ki tonu nei i roto i te Siberian Arctic. I ia te auhoaraa kaha ki academician Shmidtom O. Yu. E matau tetahi mea e pā ana ki te whakamārama o te tikanga Stalinist me te he Kemi, te neke whakaaro whai, piri Danemaka i runga i te Soviet Union.

Pakanga II o te Ao

I roto i tenei wā e wehingia ana, ka kahakina Europe a Nazi, Pita Freih, ko tona roa e ono waewae e whitu inihi, e kore i taea e noho atu i te hui. hoki ia te kāinga ki Denmark, a ka he mema kaha o te kaupapa resistance. Otiia i taua wa i ngaro ia i te waewae (e tika ana ki te hukapuri i te 1926). Freih nuitia whakaaturia e ia - he Hurai, kahore he mea i reira i reira, ko reira utu reira ki te whakarongo tika etahi ahua o te parau anti-Semitic. Nāwai i riro ia e nga kau Nasí, ka whiua ki te mate. Otiia whakahaere te kaihōpara neke maia ki te mawhiti i te whakarau. I te tuatahi i te piri ia i roto i Sweden, a ka oho ki te United States. I muri hoki te Tuarua o te Ao Pakanga Freih ki tona Greenland aroha, ki te reo, ngā tikanga Inuit me tuku iho o i mohio ai ia. kore Wanderlust mahue ia tae noa ki tona matenga. Ae, a ka mate ia te haere rongonui i roto i te Mahuru 1957 o te whakaeke ngakau i te rererangi Elmendorf, Alaska, ka ko ia e pā ana ki ki te rere ki Greenland. Ko e whitu tekau ma tahi nga tau ia. i tanumia ana kōiwi i roto i te whenua aroha ki a ia - e tata ana te teihana Thule i Greenland. Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora ki tana wahine Dagmar noho i roto i New York ranei i roto i tou whare tuarua i roto i Noanke (CT).

Haurongo me kaituhi o te pukapuka

Kei te mohiotia Freih Pita mo tona rangahau neke kore anake. Ia i tuhituhi ano pukapuka. A e kore te reira noa e pā ana ki nga mahi pūtaiao, tuhinga roa, pūrākau me pakipūmeka, engari ano hoki te mahi o te pakiwaitara - kōrero poto, whakaari me te pukapuka. Kia aroha mai, i whakaputaina i roto i Russian toru anake o ana mahi. Tenei pūrākau "toku tamarikitanga Greenland" me "tautopenga nui." Ko tētahi atu kōrero ki ngā āhuatanga o te haukiri - "a St. John marou Melville Bay." Tahuri nga whārangi o tenei pukapuka, e kite tatou i te ahua o ngā, tangata hoa, whakamoemititia ia o ana huru maitatai morare, me te tinana. E unu Hoa ki a ia, a ka faatura ia etahi, noa'tu o ratou tae kiri. tamata tenei pākoki ki te āwhina i te tangata e he i roto i te raruraru. "Marou o St John Bay Melville" - he himene ki te iwi Inuit e ora i roto i ngā āhuatanga kino, me te mōrearea i runga i te motu, tata katoa puritia iho e anga tio. Kei te whatu te pukapuka ki te kōrero me te kaipuke, me kaipatu tohorā Pākehā. I runga i te tere tuarua o Pita Freih taea te pānui i roto i te pukapuka "Siberian Adventure" i roto i te Soviet Union. Just e toru nga ra i te aroaro o tona mate, i tupu Mahuru 2, 1957, kua oti te kaituhi mahi i runga i te papa'i o te "pukapuka o nga Moana whitu".

Ētahi atu mahi

maha nga tau kaihōpara neke Pita Freih ko te mema o maha hapori matawhenua i roto i nga whenua rerekē o te ao. mauruuru katoa tona whai te whakakorekore ki te ako o te Arctic. I roto i te karapu nui, me te rongonui e taea te whakahua i te International Society mo ratou. Mark Twain, he mema hōnore o nei ko Freih. haere ia huri noa te ao ki te huringa o kauwhau e pā ana ki te ahurea o te Inuit. kua I nga hua kua arotakea me tona mahi i rite te kaituhi me te kairīpoata. Ko ia he mema ōrite o te Institute o Denmark Arctic. He tau torutoru pupuri Pita Freih te pou nui o te tiamana o te Union o kaituhi o tona whenua i whanau ai. kia mea te reira e whakaaturia te kairangahau kua ia te pai i roto i te tūranga o te kaiwhakaari. Tino maha kitea ia ia i roto i te anga o ngā pakipūmeka e pā ana ki te āhua pakeke o te Te Tai Tokerau. I te tuatahi, ia haere tahi anake te kiriata o te ope hei pēne mātanga. Otiia i muri mai ka ia fakamatala ia e te kāmera whakaritea. wheturangitia ano ia i roto i te maha o ngā kiriata Hollywood.

hōnore

Kua riro te kaihōpara rongonui Arctic Pita Freih maha tohu mo tona mahi. riro ia te mētara koura o te pa o te Society Geographical o Philadelphia, a ko Hans Egede. I whakawhiwhia hoki e ia te utu teitei o Pineamine Franklin.