Katote ngāwhā: faaotiraa o te ihirangi i roto i te wai, me te oneone

katote pūkawa Ko nga tai o te reo waikawa pungatara. E rave rahi o teie mau pūhui e ngāwari wairewa i roto i te wai. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa ko te matū i roto i te āhua totoka, i te tae marama. E rave rahi o ngā katote pūkawa whai takenga parataiao, he ratou o moana me waipara lacustrine matū.

hanganga āhuatanga

Ko te hanganga karaihe faati'a te ngota tīhiko SO42- integrated. Ka rite ki e taea te tāutuhia pūhui noa pūkawa whakarewa divalent. Hei tauira, katote pūkawa mā te whakakotahi ki tīhiko konupūmā, konu, strontium, i whai ahua ai tai rewa. Enei waipara he kohuke e tīariari i roto i te āhua noa i roto i te natura.

Te riroraa i roto i te wai

I tua atu, i hanga te katote pūkawa te ka dissociation tote, kia e taua ngā katote i roto i roto i te wai mata. Ko te puna matua o taua pūhui ko nga ngā tukanga matū o te piti hāora o sulfides me whanariki.

Ko te rahinga nui o ngā katote ngāwhā tomo nga farii i pakoko kaiao ora hāora taata tipu teretetiera, me te moana. I tua atu, he ratou manga raro.

Ko te nui nui o te katote pūkawa hanga i roto i effluents ahumahi, me te ahuwhenua.

Āhuatanga e iti-mineralized katote SO42- wai. He momo tauwhiro o taua pūhui, e pai pā te salinity o te wai inu. Hei tauira, konupora pūkawa ko he pūhui rewakore e piki i te wai.

Ko te uara i roto i te huringa whanariki

Ki te tātari tatou te katote pūkawa i roto i te wai, he mea e tika ana ki te mōhio i te faufaa no te he huringa ki tonu i roto i te āhua o te whanariki me ona pūhui. No te mea o te pānga o huakita pūkawa-whakaiti, kahore he uru o rangi hāora, ko tona whakaiti ki hauwai sulfide me sulfides. kawea Nā ki te aroaro o te hāora i roto i te wai oneone te faafariuraa hia o enei matū ki sulphates.

I raro i te mahi o huakita ngāwhā-whakaiti i roto i te ngaro o te hāora e heke ki sulphides me te hauwai pūngāwhā. Ko te taenga atu ano te wai mai i roto i te hāora tūturu, oxidized ano ki pūkawa.

Ko te katote kukū anake SO42- ko 10 mg ia tehimita pūtoru. Hoki wai māori tenei ahua, ko te pā ana ki 50 mg ia DM ^3. I roto i te puna raro ko nui teitei ihirangi pūkawa ine.

Hoki mata he āhuatanga o te hononga i waenganui i te wa o te tau, me te ōrau o ngā katote waikawa pungatara wai. I tua atu, ka pā te mehua ine mahi a te tangata, whakaiti me ngā tukanga oxidizing tupu i roto i te natura.

Pānga i runga i te kounga wai

Ngā pūkawa i te pānga nui i runga i te kounga o te wai inu. Ratou kukū nui haere pēhia pānga te āhuatanga organoleptic. riro Water reka tote, nui haere tona turbidity. taumata teitei o enei ng ngota pēhia pānga te tukanga whaiaroaro i roto i te tinana tangata. E ruarua riro ratou ki te bloodstream i te whēkau. I nohanga teitei hua ratou he pānga wāhine, whakapōrearea te tukanga kūnatu.

Ko taea ki te whakatū i te pā tōraro o Ngā pūkawa i runga i te huruhuru, irritating te membrane mucous o nga kanohi, me te kiri. Nā ki te ati e tohu ratou mo te tinana tangata, ko te mea nui ki te whakatau i te katote pūkawa, ki te tango i mehua wā ki te whakaiti ratou moni i roto i te te wai inu. E ai ki nga paerewa kore me nui 500 mg ia tehimita pūtoru.

Rawa te faaotiraa o ng ngota i roto i te wai

I roto i te rangahau taiwhanga hāngai te tauhohenga kounga mō te katote pūkawa ki Trilon B. ine te kawea i roto i rite ki GOST 31940-12 huinga mo SO42-. Hoki ngā taiwhanga, te ihirangi pā ana ki te tāutu o ng ngota pūkawa i roto i te wai inu me te ururua wai, te whakarite i ngā wairewa o konu pūhaumāota i te kukū tomu'a (0.025 mol, ia DM ^3). I tua atu, titau tātaritanga rongoā: tai konupora, haukinia moka, Trilon B, pākawa hiriwa, tohu eryochrom T pango.

Te hātepe i roto i te tātari

whakamahi Laboratory he puoto kōrere he kaha o e pā ana ki te 250 ml. Kei te hanga te reira na roto i te pipetting 10 ml o te otinga konupora tote. I tua atu, ko te pounamu tātarihia i tapiritia 90 ml o te wai māturu, 5 ml o te otinga haukini papare, he torutoru pata o te tohu, kawea ine i roto i te whakamahi i te otinga o EDTA disodium tote. kawea te tukanga i roto tae noa ki reira he he huringa i roto i te tae puru ki whero me te papura.

Next, whakatau i te nui o EDTA otinga disodium tote, e hiahiatia ana e te mo te ine ero. Hei whiwhi hua pono, he reira e minaminatia ki te faahiti i te tukanga 3-4 wa. Mā te whakamahi i te whakarea ako, whakamana te tātai te ihirangi ine o ng ngota pūkawa.

Āhuatanga o te faaineineraa o tauira tātarihia e te inenga ero

Whakatinana e te tātari tukutahi o rua tauira he rōrahi o 100 ml. He mea tika ki te tango i te puoto kōrere, tatau ia 250 ml. I roto i ia o ratou hanga i te taiwhanga 100 ml o te tauira tātari. tāpiri atu ratou 2-3 pata o te waikawa pūhaumāota takiwa, 25 ml o konu pūhaumāota, hoatu te pounamu i roto i te waterbath. kawea whakawera i roto i mo te 10 meneti, ka te tauira tātarihia kia mahue hoki 60 meneti.

Na, he tauira tātari kia te tātari i kore te hohenga ka pūkawa pārana. horoia te tātari i ki te wai māturu, tirohia te otinga e te ngaro o katote pūhaumāota. Ki te mahi i tēnei tauhohenga ia wā kounga ki otinga pākawa hiriwa. Ki te kite koe i te uhia, tohu te reira i te aroaro o te pūhaumāota.

Kei te ka te tātari whakanohoia i roto i te pounamu, i reira whakahaere te waipara i. I muri i tua o te 5 ml o te haukini kua whakaohokia tirotiro o te pounamu ki te tokotoko karaihe, wherahia te tātari, tika, haere te raro. Per 5 mg o ngā katote tātarihia e tapiritia ki te wai 6 ml disodium EDTA. kua oti te tahu e te tirotiro i roto i te pati i te wai, ka tahu i runga i te tārahu tae noa oti whakakorenga o te hohenga, i ko i te wai tahi me te tātari.

E kore e te wa whakawera nui rima meneti. Hei whakapai ake he tika te kounga o te tātari, ki wā whakaoho te tirotiro o te pounamu ki te tokotoko karāhe.

I muri i te meangiti, ringihia te tauira te tukunga 50 ml o te wai māturu, 5 ml o te otinga haukini papare, he torutoru pata o te otinga tohu o waipiro. I tua atu, kawea ine i roto i te i te taikaha pūkawa disodium edetate ranei pūhaumāota konupora tae noa hue papura pūmau.

mutunga

Sodium-, potassium-, katote pūkawa whakaputaina i roto i te wai e kore e anake te mea o te ngā tukanga māori ururua engari ano hoki i rite te hua o ngā mahi a te tangata. Ki te wai e whakamahia ana mō te kai, e kore e paa kino i runga i kaiao ora, he mea e tika ana ki te aroturuki i te ihirangi ine i roto i reira te whānuitanga o ngā ngota tīhiko me tīhiko.

Hei tauira, i roto i te tauira ine ero e taea te hanga Trilon B tātaitanga ine o te ihirangi i te tauira o ng ngota pūkawa, ki te tango i mehua raima ki te whakaiti tenei tohu (te mea e tika ana). I roto i te taiwhanga tātari hou mahi hoki tauira tautuhi i te wai inu o tīhiko whakarewa taimaha, ng ngota o māota, phosphates, microorganisms pathogenic nei i roto i te taikaha o ngä nohanga tīkina o pānga kino i runga i te hauora ā-tinana, me te aronganui.

E ai ki nga hua o taua ngā taiwhanga, me te maha akoranga Utaina tātari faaoti pai o te wai mō te kohi, te hiahia hoki tona purenga atu, te whakamahi o te pūnaha tātari motuhake, e hāngai ana i runga i te purenga wai matū ranei.