Kiripuaki me Whakarōpū o kano

Kano (kōrero whakamāramatanga, whakarōpū kei roto i tenei tuhinga) e whakamahia māngai immunological kano rite hohe (te kore - ki te hanga i te wātea i te mate rauropi ātete kaha ki te tukumate motuhake). WHO mutu werohanga - te tikanga pai o te ārai o pathologies hopuhopu. Nā ki tona kakama tiketike, te tapatahi o te tikanga, te pea o te whānui o te taupori kapinga kia kano ki ki te ārai i te puranga o pathologies, immunoprophylaxis i roto i nga whenua maha whakarōpūtia rite te kaupapa matua kāwanatanga.

werohanga

Vaccination - he āraihia motuhake ki te tiaki i te tamaiti pakeke ranei i etahi pathologies tino tino ranei whakaiti ratou ahua i roto i te hui.

tutuki te pānga rite e "whakangungu" te pūnaha ārai mate. A, no te ki te kaiao raau whakahaerea (ranei kaua tona pūnaha ārai mate) whawhai mate, me te āwenewene whakaurua "mahara" ona. A, no te whakahohe anō-mate mate te nui hohoro atu a tino whakangaromia e āpiha ke.

Ko te rārangi o nga mahi o te werohanga ngā:

• kōwhiringa o tangata ki te kia kano;
• kōwhiringa raau;
• auaha taiawhio o te kano;
• whakahaere pai;
• therapy (ki te tika) nga pōauautanga pea me tauhohe pathological.

Methods werohanga

• Intradermal. He tauira ko te BCG. Ko te kupu whakataki o te kano ora whakaputaina i roto i te pokohiwi (tuatoru waho o reira). Kei te whakamahia hoki te tikanga rite ki te ārai i tularemia, whiu, brucellosis, Anthrax, Q kirika.
• Oral. Whakamahia ki te ārai i whakamemeke me te rabies. I runga i nga wāhanga o te whanaketanga o āpiha waha ki rewharewha, karawaka, taipō piwa, mate kiriuhi.
• Subcutaneous. I roto i tenei tikanga, kua whakaurua te tarukino kore e adsorbed ki rānei pokohiwi haira (mata waho i waenganui i te pokohiwi waenganui me hautoru o runga) rohe. Painga: allergenicity iti, noho pai o whakahaere, te mauroa o te wātea i te mate (e rua rohe, me te whānui).
• Aerosol. whakamahia te reira rite ārainga mate whawhati tata. He aerosol tino whai hua anti-brucellosis, rewharewha, tularemia, diphtheria, Anthrax whewhe, mare, whiu, kōpukupuku, hau kikohangatia, kohi, timu, te fiva rahi, taipō, botulism, koripi, repe B.
• Intramuscular. I whakaputahia i roto i te uaua huha (te wahi o runga o te whā perednenaruzhnuyu huha uaua). Hei tauira, te DTP.

kano Modern whakarōpū

He maha ngā wehenga o kano.

1. tikanga te whakarōpū i runga ki te whakatupuranga:

• 1 whakatupuranga (kano corpuscular). I roto i te tahuri, wehea ki attenuated (ora ngoikore) a inactivated (patua) te tikanga;
• whakatupuranga 2: subunit (matū) me exotoxins detoxified (toxoids);
• 3 E whakaatu ana whakatupuranga kano recombinant ki kakā B kano recombinant me rabies;
• Whakatupuranga 4 (e kore e whakaurua i roto i te mahi), kua māngai e plasmid DNA, peptides waihanga, whakato kano, kano kei roto MHC hua me te therapy idiotypic.

2. Whakarōpū o kano (koiora me te tuwhatuwhaia ratou ki te maha akomanga) takenga. Na roto i te takenga e wehea kano ki:

• ora, e hanga o ora, engari attenuated moroiti-kaiao;
• patua hanga i runga i te pūtake o microorganisms inactivated i ngā huarahi;
• kano takenga matū (i runga i te turanga o antigens tino tuku);
• kano e kua hanga ki te awhina o tikanga koiora, i tahuri, kua wehea ki:

- kano waihanga e hāngai ana i runga i oligosaccharides me oligopeptides;

- kano DNA;

- ira engineered kano hanga i runga i te pūtake o ngā hua hua i te kōtuitui o ngā pūnaha recombinant.

3. I roto i runga ki te ngā mema o te raau taero Ara, kano ārai reira ko te whakarōpū e whai ake nei (i.e., pera Ara i te kano kia reira):

• katoa ngā pūtau koiora (inactivated ranei ora);
• wāhanga takitahi o ngā pūtau koiora (paruru te nuinga Ara);
• tāoke koiora;
• e iroriki synthetically Ag;
• Ar e whiwhi e tikanga engineering ira.

Tei runga i te kaha ki te whakawhanake i wātea i te mate ki te maha kotahi ranei kaihoko:

• monovalent;
• whakamemeke.

Whakarōpū o kano i roto i te hanganga ture ki te huinga o Ara:

• wae;
• corpuscular.

kano ora

Hoki te hanga o taua kano whakamahi attenuated taumahatanga o āpiha hopuhopu. Taua kano whai āhuatanga immunogenic, engari i te nuinga o kore meinga te takanga o ngā tohu o te mate i roto i te ārainga mate.

Ka rite ki te hua o te penetration o te kano ora ki te tinana i hanga te pūtau ātete, he secretory, wātea i te mate humoral.

Pai me ngā raruraru

Ko nga painga o te kano ora (whakarōpū, tono kōrero i roto i tēnei tuhinga):

• He inenga iti;
• te taea o ara rerekē o werohanga;
• wātea i te mate runningaway tere;
• pai tiketike;
• utu iti;
• te immunogenicity o te taiao tino;
• tito o kahore korotutu;
• i raro i te mana o taua kano whakahohe momo katoa o te wātea i te mate.

taha tōraro:

• i roto i te take o te pūnaha ārai mate ngoikore i roto i te manawanui, i te whakahaere kano ora kia whakawhanake i te mate;
• he kano o tenei momo e tino rauangi ki te pāmahana, na te whakataki o te kano ora "te kino:" whakawhanake tauhohe kino ranei ngaro kano ona āhuatanga;
• ngoikore ki ngā enei kano ki ētahi atu teuteu kano, i roto i te tirohanga o ngā kino mate o miramira whakaora ranei.

Whakarōpū o kano ora

Ko nga momo e whai ake nei o kano ora:

• Attenuated (rongonga) taka kano. E whakaputaina ratou i taumahatanga e kua heke pathogenicity, engari korerotia immunogenicity. A, no te whakahaere te matatu kano i roto i te tinana whakawhanake mate faitatau: āpiha infective uri, reira meinga te hanganga o ngā urupare ārai. I roto i te pai mohiotia o taua teuteu kano mo te ārai o fiva, mariao, Anthrax, Q kirika, me te brucellosis. Otiia te nuinga o kano ora - taero patu huaketo i te mate adenoviral, kōwhai kirika, repe, Sabin kano (polio), kōpukupuku, karawaka, rewharewha;
• He kë kano. E hanga ana ratou i runga i te pūtake o taumahatanga e pā ana o pathologies hopuhopu. Ēnei antigens whakapataritari he whakautu ārai e whiti antigens tukumate arotahi. Tauira o taua kano ko he prophylaxis kano ki ahua koroputaputa i hanga e te i runga i te pūtake o te vaccinia koroputaputa huaketo me BCG, i runga i te pūtake o te mycobacteria e meinga kohi Bovine.

kano rewharewha

Ko te ārai whai hua te nuinga o kano rewharewha whakamahia. Ko ratou drugs koiora e whakarato te ahua o te ātete wā-poto ki wheori rewharewha.

Tuhinga hoki taua werohanga e:

• tau 60 tau, me te pakeke;
• bronchopulmonary ma'i ranei mate Cardiovascular;
• hapūtanga (2-3 trimesters);
• ngā kaimahi, haumanu me ngā hōhipera;
• tangata noho tūturu i roto i ohu kati (whare herehere, dormitories, mau fare te u, a na i runga i);
• tūroro i runga i te maimoatanga pahoho ambulatory ranei e whai gemoglabinopatii, pehanga ārai, mate ate, tākihi me disorders pūkoro tinana.

momo

kano rewharewha Classification ngā te rōpū e whai ake nei:

1. kano Live;
2. kano Inactivated:

• kano huaketo katoa. ngā tūturu ratou virions inactivated tino tuku;
• rascheplennye (kano ritua). Hei tauira: "Fluarix", "Begrivak", "VAXIGRIP". Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i virions rewharewha fakahohaasi (pūmua katoa o te huaketo);

• subunit kano ( "Agrippal" "Grippol" "influvac") e tito o rua pūmua mata viral, haemagglutinin me neuraminidase whakarite arataki o te whakautu ārai ki rewharewha. he mea motu Ētahi atu pūmua o te virion, me chick kukune mai whakakorea i roto i purenga.