Ko te History o Ngā waea: putanga me te whanaketanga

Ko ngā roto i te āhuatanga o te tenenga o ngā whakaaro kōrero Waea, a i roto i ngā o ngā wāhanga o te whatunga kōrero tupu o momo ngā huri noa i te ao. I roto i te tahi mau āhuatanga o te akiaki o te horapa o te hangarau e tika ana te mea pāhoro, i roto i te tahi atu āhuatanga e te whanaketanga whakamua o te kākahu. He aha e nga meka tino nui e pā ana ki te ahumahi aratuku ao?

Ko wai whakaaro te waea?

I ngā wā, hono te hītori o te waea takenga e ki te ingoa o Aleksandra Bella, he ihi American Kōtimana-whanau. Oia mau, ka mau te kaihōpara rongonui he wahi tika i roto i te whanaketanga o te pūrere orurehau mō te whakawhitihia tangi i te tawhiti. Heoi, i reira he meka e i roto i te hanga i te waea i takaro he wāhi tino hira i te tahi atu kaihoahoa. Hei tauira, Iogann Filipp Reis, he ihi Tiamana rongonui, he hui o nga kaiputaiao o te hapori Physics, whakahaere i te tau 1861, korerotia hanga e ia te tauira o te pūrere hiko ki te tuku tangi i te tawhiti. Ko reira ano hoki te ingoa o te tenenga - "waea", waia ki a matou i tenei ra. Reis to'ume'á, Heoi, te pūrere kua riro i waho te ngākau tika. Ko te mea he meka nui, e kua te hītori o te waea.

I muri i te 15 tau, e rua kairangahau American, Eriha Kerei ko Aleksandr Bell, mahi takitahi, kitea te pānga o te waea. kaipūtaiao rua, taa, i te ra ano, ara 14 Pepuere 1876, ka rēhitatia te tono ki te tenenga tona kitea. I roto i tenei take i te pūnaha o nāianei, e pai kia huihuia waea, kihai i whakawhanakehia ano ratou. Īhaka, te Bell hoki e pā ana ki 2 haora mua o Kerei i roto i te tono mo, a he tokomaha hītori piri ki tenei tūkunga i te meka e pā ana te hītori o te waea i tenei ra te ki te ingoa o te ihi American.

Ko te taeraa mai o te waea tuatahi

noho Aleksandr Bell i Boston, a mahi ki te iwi ite raruraru ki rongo me te kupu. I te tau 1873 ka e ia Ahorangi o whaiaroaro i University Boston. Na roto i te āhua o ana mahi, ko pea ia he tohunga i roto i te mara o Acoustics, a i rongo pai.

Ko te hītori o te waea tuatahi i hanga e Aleksandrom Bellom, te hono, te kupu ki tona mahi. I roto i te meka faahiahia e pā ana ki te tenenga te pūrere - te waea pānga taua kitea e te kairangahau ki te āwhina tika o tona kaiāwhina. Hei tauira, ngaio mahi ki a Bell, kotahi unuhia i roto o te rihi o te pūrere whakawhitihia, e, rite whakaaro reira i hanga Bella te ngaehe. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i te kairangahau, i tika ki te meka e te huānga e mahi ana i te katinga wā o hoapā hiko tenei.

I runga i te pūtake o te pānga kitea o Aleksandr Bell hanga te waea. I whakaturia ake e ia he tino māmā: te membrane o te kiri, rite rawa ki te kïia e huānga ki te whakapiki ake i te rōrahi. Ka taea e te pūrere tuku i te tangi anake o te reo, engari te reira te mea, i nui ki te tenenga te pūrere - tuhinga e tika ana, te pupuri i te Kaituhitanga o te tenenga, riro Bell March 10, 1876.

Ko hoki History waea ngā me i ngā o ratou faaohiparaa i arumoni. Tau mahana i muri i te ihi o te waea whakarerekētia kia e taea tuku i te reira mārama e faaroohia kupu motuhake. I muri mai, faaite Aleksandr Bell tona pūrere ki te hapori pakihi. hanga e te kōwae te mana'o maere i runga i mahi o te iwi. ma'imi American rēhita hohoro tona kamupene, i muri ka whai.

Ko te raina waea tuatahi

mohiotia hītori tupu Waea te ki tatou inaianei. Otiia ka mau tenenga o Bell pakiaka i roto i te ora ia rā? I roto i 1877 - i roto i Boston - i whakarewahia te raina waea tuatahi, a i roto i te tau 1878, i roto i te New Haven - utu waea. I roto i te taua tau tetahi ihi American rongonui, Thomas Edison, hanga he tauira hou o te pūrere mo reo i roto i te tawhiti. I roto i tona pōkai hanganga arataki he reira, e whakanui i tino te kounga o te kōrero, me te ki ake i te tawhiti o te tuku reo.

Ko te takoha o kaitito i Russia

Kei te hono hoki te hītori o te waea ki te ingoa o kaihoahoa Russian. I roto i te 1885 Pavel Mihaylovich Golubitsky ihi i Russia whakawhanakehia he kaupapa faufaa hou o te utu waea, i roto i nei i tukua te mana ki te taputapu i te waho - i te puna pokapū. I mua ki tenei, powered ia waea e tona putanga AC mana. Kua tukua tenei ariā ki te waihanga i tētahi teihana a tavini i te maha nui o kaiohauru - tekau o mano. I roto i te 1895, whakaekea ihi Russian Mikhail Filippovich Freudenberg ki te ao te ariā o te utu, e uhinga a he hononga aunoa o tetahi kaiohauru ki tetahi. I whakaurua PBX whakakapi Tuatahi ki te Hononga o Amerika i roto i te pa o Akuhata.

Whanaketanga o ngā raina kōrero i roto i Russia

hono te kōrero o te waea i roto i Russia te ki te hanga o ngā rārangi mō te tuku o te kōrero i waenganui i St Petersburg me Mareia Vishera. Ko te kōrero tuatahi i waenganui i kaiohauru Russian i te tikanga o te channel mea ka mau wahi i roto i 1879, arā, i muri i nga tau 3 anake mai te tenenga o te waea. I muri mai, hono tetahi o te tuatahi rārangi kōrero haukāinga, te marina St. George, kei roto i Nizhny Novgorod, me te fare no ki te kaiārahi o te Company Steamship "ropu". roa raina ko e pā ana ki 1547 m.

whakawhitinga waea te pa o te wā - i roto i St. Petersburg, Moscow, ko Odessa - tīmata mahi mai i 1882. I 1898, i reira ko te aho roa-tawhiti i waenganui i Moscow ko Hato Petersburg. History o waea i roto i Russia e hiahia i roto i te meka e te teihana e te kaimahi te hongere kōrero i waenganui i Moscow ko St Petersburg, me i reira e mahi tonu. Kei runga i Butcher Street i te pane o Russia.

Ko te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā waea i roto i te Russian Empire i tino tika - na, hei tauira, i roto i te 1916 100 Moscow noho i te toharite o 3.7 waea. I roto i te 1935, kua i roto i te Soviet Union, he waea Moscow katoa i te teihana lēlué. Mai 1953, nga whare katoa, hoatu ki mahi i roto i te pane o te USSR, i kua rahua ki te taura waea.

Ko te hītori, ko te waea ātahu. Ko reira ngā tonu ki te ako i te reira i roto i te taipitopito. Ako pehea i waeahia waea, whakaaro te meka tino faahiahia mo te whanaketanga o ngā pūrere pūkoro, e he nei kahore iti iho i roto i tono atu i te mea tuku iho.

Kia pehea te i waea pūkoro

Ko te kōrero tuatahi tuhia i runga i te waea i roto i te hongere reo irirangi, he maha o ngā āhuatanga matua o te mau parau tumu e hāngai ana o te whakahaere o kōrero pūtau hou, i tū i roto i te 1950 i roto i te Sweden. Te ma'imi Sture Laugen e noho ana i muri i te wira o Televerket, pai waea ki te mahi wa tika te whakamahi i te momo e tika ana o te pūrere. E te wa pau Sture Lauren i rave rahi tau i roto i Televerket, rave i roto i te whanaketanga o tenei pūrere. Kei te hono hoki te hītori o te waea pūkoro ki te ingoa o Ragnar Berglund, Laura hoa.

Ko te whāinga - te mākete papatipu

Na roto i te wa o te kōmihana o Laurenne karanga, i mea nei matou i runga, te waea irirangi, rite taua, kua kua oti whakamahia, engari ko reira e wātea ana anake ki ngā ratonga motuhake me ngā hanganga hōia. kamupene Televerket whakaturia he whāinga - ki te waihanga i tētahi pūrere e he wātea ki nga tangata.

mawehe atu Mass-mākete whanaketanga Swedish i roto i 1956. I te tuatahi, mahi anake ia i roto i te rua nga pa - Stockholm me Gothenburg. I roto i tau 1956 i hono ai ki te tika 26 kaiohauru, kihai i maere nei no te mea o te expensiveness teitei "waea pūkoro", te uara o i i rite ki te utu o te motokā.

Ko te whanaketanga o te kōrero pūkoro

Ko te hītori o waea pūkoro o te maha o ngā āhuatanga e homai nga akiaki o te horapa o te waea. Ki te, hei tauira, i muri i ngā mīhini tau 3 anake tau hanga i runga i te mau parau tumu o Aleksandra Bella, mātātoa whakahaeretia i roto i Russia, mo etahi wa tino, waea pūkoro kua kore e whakamahia te tono nui.

Anake i roto i te 1969, i timata te feia faatere o te mākete aratuku ao ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te mea e kia pai ki te whakakotahi te hopoia te pūnaha kōrero tēnā. Hei tauira, ka riro te reira e ia kaitango - rite ki whakaritea waea rangatira - ka whai ona ake tau, me te rā, e kore anake i roto i te whenua te wahi e whakaputaina ai, engari ano hoki ki waho. Ko te kupu, Ka taea e tatou te mea e te hītori o te waea pūkoro he mau i whakaata te tīmatanga te moni o te hapori engineering i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te tīpokapoka ariā.

I roto i tetahi o nga kaitito i tuatahi ki te tono whakatinanatanga mahi o te hangarau, i hanga e nga tono e hāngai ana - he paetahi o te Stockholm Kura Hangarau Estaing Myakitolo. Kei te tika hono te hītori o te hanganga o te waea pūkoro rite matau tatou i te reira ki tona ingoa. Heoi, hoki te whakatinanatanga mahi o te ariā e hiahiatia ana Myakitolo hangarau rawa kaha. puta noa ratou i roto i te tīmatanga o 80 o.

Ko te whatunga pūtau tuatahi

Ko te hītori o waea pūtau ngā he meka faahiahia: te tuatahi, ka Hauti Arapia te whenua te wahi i whakawhanakehia te whatunga pūtau kua. Ko reira i reira e te kamupene Ericsson, ki te āta whai wāhi i roto i te whakatinanatanga mahi o te ariā whakaarohia Myakitolo, i roto i te 1981 hainatia te kirimana mo te supply o nga ratonga e hāngai ana. Ko te whatunga, i i whakarewahia i Hauti Arapia, i te āhuatanga e te paearu matua - te papatipu. Āta ake paerewa pūtau, tīmata te whatunga ki whakahaere i roto i ētahi atu whenua.

Whanaketanga o ngā paerewa noa

kua rite ki te tupu mākete pūkoro kua malu'aki mai i te hiahia ki te whakawhanake i ngā paerewa noa mo te whakarato o ngā ratonga e pā ana. I roto i Hauti Arapia, Scandinavia, hei te Benelux kua he ariā rongonui o te NMT i Germany whai wāhi pūnaha C-Netz i te UK, whakatinana France me Itari i ratou ariā.

Ko te taeraa mai o te GSM

Ki te whakauru i te wāhi pūkoro Pākehā, i hanga paerewa GSM. Ia e taea te mea, kua horomia te pai o ētahi atu ariā "motu", a reira, ahakoa kahore kahore uaua, engari i whāngai e te hapori hangarau Pākehā i roto i te 1986. Ko whakaurua te tuatahi GSM-whatunga i anake i roto i te tau 1990 i roto i Finland. I muri, kua meinga tenei paerewa te kaiwhakarato matua mo nga kōrero pūtau Russian.

Ko te History O Ngā waea - e rua tikanga, me te pūtau - he whakaongaonga mīharo. Ko he reira ngā pehea whakawhanake te hangarau. Kia ako tatou e founga ki te whakapai ake i te raina pūtau.

Ko te whanaketanga o te mākete pūtau

I roto i te tau tuatahi i muri i te kupu whakataki o te GSM-paerewa mō te whakamahi kiritaki mahi ratonga e hāngai ana i reira rawa utu. Otiia āta nga whakaaro e tika ana mō te mahi ki te whatunga pūkoro, ka hinga, a ka tino nui. i ake waea, heke i roto i te rahi. I roto i te 1996, whakaurua Nokia, i roto i te hono mo'oní, tetahi o te waea atamai tuatahi - he pūrere i roto i e taea e koe tukua atu ī-mēra, waeatuhi, te whakamahi i te Internet. I roto i te taua tau i reira ko tetahi pukapuka, kua meinga nei rongonui StarTac i Motorola.

Smartphones me Ipurangi pūkoro

I roto i te 1997, whakarewahia Philips waea Purangi ki te taha rawa nui o te ora pūhiko - e pā ana ki 350 haora. I roto i te 1998 ka puta i te reira i te pūrere pūkoro Sharp PMC-1 atamai, kua he mata pa. I tūmanakohia te reira e e waiho e ia he whakataetae tika ki te runga ake te gadget i Nokia. I roto i 1999, kua tīmata te ngā pūkoro ki te whakauru hangarau Wap ka whakahaere kaiohauru uru ki Ipurangi pūkoro. I 2000, i reira ko he GPRS paerewa me UMTS - tetahi o te kī whakamahia e te i roto i te hoahoanga mo 3G-whatunga.

I roto i te 2009, kua whakarewahia te kamupene Swedish TeliaSonera paerewa whatunga 4G tuatahi o te ao. Kei te whakaaro inaianei ia te hou tino me kei te whakatairangatia ana e ngā huri noa i te ao.

waea opuaraa

He aha te mea te mahi e whai ake i roto i te whanaketanga o te ahumahi pūkoro? E whakaatu ana hītori waea pūkoro e taea rongoā pakaruhanga whai hua tupu i tetahi wa. Kia mea he e te paerewa 4G - ko te rohe o ngā āhuatanga hangarau hou tenei. e mea he e raraunga whakawhiti i te tere o tekau o megabits, te kounga karanga nui - e kia ki te taumata teitei?

Heoi, ki te mahi kaha i te mara o te whakapai ake o te hangarau pūkoro tonu nga taiwhanga rangahau ārahi i roto i te ao. Pea i roto i te heke mai e tata ana i roto i te ringa o te tangata e hiahia ana te kaitango ka kia rite autaia mo te mīhini tangata noho hou, pehea ko te waea Bella i te tau 70 o te rau tau 19, ranei te pūrere ki runga i te karanga i te waka i runga i te maha rohe Sture Lauren. A e kore e waiho miharo i muri i te i me te reira iwi. Na tenei ahumahi hangarau hihiri mīharo.