Ko te momo matua o haurehu

Nature mohio āhua matua e toru o tetahi mea: totoka, wai, me te haurehu waihā. Tata e taea tetahi wai kitea ia o te toe e rua. He maha totoka i rewa, whakaetonga ngingiha rangi ranei e taea te kapi i te tirotiro. Otiia e kore e ai waiho nga hau hei wāhanga o ngā rauemi mārō wai ranei. He maha nga wehewehenga o hau, e rerekē i roto i o ratou āhuatanga, takenga me ngā āhuatanga o te tono.

Whakamarama me ngā āhuatanga

Gas - he taonga āhuatanga nei i te te ngaro ranei uara mōkito o intermolecular here, me te nekeneke mātātoa o te matūriki. āhuatanga Basic, e whai momo katoa o haurehu:

1. Fluidity, deformability, pähekeheke, te hiahia ki te whakanui i te rōrahi o te tauhohenga o ngota me ngā rāpoi ngota ki te maturuturu ara i roto i te pāmahana e faaite huringa i roto i te kaha o to ratou kaupapa ranei.
2. I reira, i te pāmahana i raro nei i te hua pēhanga e kore hua i roto i te whakawhitinga ki te āhua wai.
3. Ngāwari kōpeke, heke i roto i te rōrahi. ohie tenei whāwhā me te whakamahi.
4. Nuinga liquefied e kōpeketanga i roto i etahi rohe o te pēhanga, me te wera uara tino.

Na roto i te inaccessibility rangahau whakaahuatia te whakamahi i enei tawhā taketake: pāmahana, te pēhanga, rōrahi me te papatipu titiwha.

Whakarōpū o te moni tāpui

I roto i te taiao tūturu momo katoa o ngā haurehu i te rangi, whenua me te wai.

1. Pūhui o rangi: hāora, hauota, te hauhā, hauhauā, hauota monoxide ki poke haukura, krypton, hauwai, te mewaro.
2. I roto i te hauota kirinuku, hauwai, te mewaro me te tahi atu waiwaro, te hauhā, he whanariki waikura a he ētahi atu i roto i te āhua haurehu waihā wai ranei. Ano, i reira he putunga hau i roto i te hautanga mārō i roto i te hawhekaihe ki papa o te wai i tenge o e pā ana ki 250 atm. i pāmahana āhua iti (20 ° C).
3. Kei roto i te roto hau wairewa - hauwai pūhaumāota, haukini me te painga wairewa - hāora, hauota, hauwai, te hauhā et al.

rauemi Natural tawhiti nui te maha ka taea o āwenewene hanga.

Whakarōpū i te flammability

Kua wehea momo katoa o hau, i runga i ngā āhuatanga whanonga o ngā tukanga pātīmata me ngingiha rānei ki oxidizing, e mangere, a he pūkākā.

1. whai wāhi hāora me ki te retardant ahi, otiia e kore ratou e tahuna: rangi, te hāora, köwhai, māota, monoxide hauota me te hāora.
2. e kore e mangere, whai wāhi i roto i te parariraa, Heoi, ahu ki te teke'i hāora me te mana i runga i te tukanga whakaiti kaha: haumāmā, haukura, hautūāpōkere, hauota, hauhauā, te hauhā.
3. marama combustible ranei pahū ngā ki te hāora: mewaro, haukini, hauwai, acetylene, pōwaro, pūwaro, te waro haukura, ewaro, ethylene. E āhuatanga nuinga o ratou na roto i te tahu anake i roto i etahi tikanga o te ranunga hau. Nā ki tenei taonga, hau - momo wahie, te nuinga noa te i tenei ra. whakamahia tēnei rite mewaro, pōwaro, pūwaro.

hauhā me tona tūranga

Ko tetahi o te hau tino noa i roto i te kōhauhau (0.04%). I raro i te pāmahana noa, me te pēhanga kōhauhau he mātotoru o 1,98 kg / m ^3. E nehenehe te reira i roto i te kāwanatanga totoka wai ranei. puta wāhanga Mārō i reiti iti o te wera me te pēhanga kōhauhau tamau, e kiia ana ko "te huka maroke". Ko te wāhanga wai CO ₂ ko te piki pēhanga taea ina. Kei te whakamahia i tēnei taonga mo te rokiroki, transportation, me te tukanga tono. Whāhau (te whakawhitinga ki te āhua haurehu waihā o te totoka, kahore he wāhanga wai takawaenga) he taea i -77 - -79˚S. te kitenga o 1 te i t = 14-16˚S: memehatanga i roto i te wai i te ōwehenga o te 1.

Ngā momo o te hauhā rerekē i runga i te takenga:

1. Products o te tipu me te kararehe ururua, paheke puia, hau rere i te whenua, tinana o te whakaetonga wai i te mata.
2. Ko nga hua o ngā mahi tangata, tae atu ki ngā tukunga i parariraa o kora.

Ka rite ki te whakamahia te he taonga whai hua:

1. Ko te whakapoko hauhā ahi.
2. Ko te ipurau mō te pewa kakano ia i roto i te reo e tika ana o te CO _2.
3. I roto i te ahumahi kai hei rokiroki me te mo aerating te wai.
4. Ka rite ki te refrigerant mō tautauā rangitahi.
5. I roto i te ahumahi matū.
6. I roto i te metallurgy.

Te riroraa i te wāhanga mahuinga o te ora o te ao, he tangata mahi mīhini me ngā tipu katoa, te hauhā piki i roto i te papa o raro, me te runga o te kōhauhau, roa te tuku o te wera, me te hanga i te "pānga kōtuhi".

hau liquefied me tona tūranga

I roto i te matū o te take mai tūturu me tukanga ūnga taratahi te taua e te nui rawa o te combustibility me uara calorific. Hoki te rokiroki, transportation, me te whakamahi, i te momo e whai ake nei o te hau liquefied: mewaro, pōwaro, pūwaro, me ranunga pōwaro-pūwaro.

Pūwaro (C ₄ H _10), me te pōwaro he wāhanga o hau te hinu. liquefied te tuatahi i -1 - -0,5˚S. e kore te whāwhā me te tono i roto i te rangi maeke pūwaro parakore kawea atu e tika ana ki tona mīti. pāmahana aro o te pōwaro (C ₃ H ₈₎ -41 - -42˚S, pēhanga tino - 4,27 MPa.

Mewaro (CH _4), - te wāhanga matua o te hau tūturu. Types pūtake hau - putunga hinu, nga hua o ngā tukanga biogenic. puta aro mā wāhanga kōpeketanga me te whakaiti i te wera ki te -160 - -161˚S. I ia wā e kōpeke reira e 5-10 wā.

kawea aro i roto i runga i ngā tipu motuhake. Tukuna pōwaro, pūwaro, ranunga ranei ona mo te whare, me te whakamahi ahumahi motuhake. whakamahia te mewaro i roto i te ahumahi, me te rite te wahie mo te waka. taea hoki te hua te whakamutunga i roto i te puka kōpeke.

hau kōpeke me tona tūranga

I roto i nga tau tata nei, te rongonui o hokona kōpeke hau māori. A, no te whakamahia pōwaro me te pūwaro te anake aro, e taea te hua te mewaro i roto i te liquefied me kōpeke. He maha ngā painga i runga i te pai-mohiotia liquified hau pātara i raro i te pēhanga tiketike o 20 MPa.

1. Ko te auau tiketike o te whakaetonga, tae atu i pāmahana rangi iti, kahore haaputuputuraa o ari kino.
2. He taumata raro o te tāoke.
3. Whakaoti parariraa, kakama tiketike, kahore pānga kino i runga i te taputapu me te kōhauhau.

Kei te whakamahia piki reira e kore anake hoki taraka engari ano hoki waka pāhihi i rite te pai kia rite ki hoki taputapu kōhua.

Gas - whakauru unobtrusive engari mahuinga ia mo te ora te tangata. kaiwhakatika uara calorific High o etahi o e whānui te whakamahi o te wāhanga ngā o te hau tūturu rite he wahie mo te ahumahi me te transportation.