Ko te tīwerawera ngongo pai: Āhuatanga me arotake

hiahia maha i aroha waiata ki te whakarongo ki o koutou rangi tino mā te whakamahi i amplifiers oro mārua ngongo. He aha te mea te pū o enei whakaaro? I runga i te aha ngā paearu ka taea e koe te tīpako i te tauira tino pai o te pūrere hāngai?

He aha te mea ngā ngongo tīwerawera tīwharawhara?

Tīwerawera - Ko reira tetahi o nga wāhanga matua o te hanganga acoustic, i te kawenga mō te whakanui ake i te kaha o nga tohu e haere mai i te pūtake tangi, te ōrite ngā pūrere whakawhiti, rōrahi whakatikatika, me te te tuku o te tohu, te mana o i whakapakaritia te i runga i te taputapu oro mō te tākaro himene.

Ko te amplifiers ngongo rite te huānga matua o te circuitry whakamahia korere irirangi. mahi ratou i te mahi o te whakaū huānga. Tikanga, whakarato amplifiers ngongo he taumata raro o distortion. Ka rite ki tuhia e maha pā waiata, mo nga whakaaro tēnā āhuatanga e te mahana, rangi tākaro ngohengohe - tautautefito ki he taimi tākaro iarere reo, me te tiketike.

Ko tētahi atu painga nui o te tīwerawera ngongo - i roto i te whakarato, i roto i te maha wā i te tangi taonga i roto i te whakarite, mo te tauira, he pūrere transistor. Ko te taea tenei te mea o te āhuatanga ahurei o te rama iho, e, mo te tauira, urutau ki te mahi i waho te ako pŭpŭ tauturu e hiahiatia ana e te ki te tautoko i te mahi, i roto i te tahuri, pūrere Semiconductor.

Single-whānui, me te pana-kume pūrere

Tube Hupa maha whakarōpūtia ki e rua ngā kāwai matua - Class A me Class AB. Ko te tuku tuatahi ki rite kotahi-mutu. whakaongaonga ratou nga mea timatanga whakaū ki te whakapiki ake i te kaha o rua hawhe-ngaru i roto i te tohu - e rua pai, me te kino. Kei te tuku hoki Soup Tuarua ki rite rua-patunga. Ratou ia wāhanga muri ngā te whakanui ake i te kaha o te whai wāhi o ngā āhuatanga rerekē - ka taea e tetahi te kawenga mō te pai hawhe-poipoi, i te tahi atu - no te kino. Ko te tikanga he Class AB amplifiers atu economical me atu hua, maha - atu kaha. Ko runga i tenei kaute i roto i te taiao Audiophile ētahi wā i reira he kōrero.

Hupa whakaaro i roto i te nuinga o te wā e nui atu te utu ritenga kāwanatanga totoka, ahakoa te meka e he tino ohie to ratou hoahoa. He maha te hunga i aroha waiata kohikohi pūrere hāngai koe - ahakoa kia tamata koe ki te kitea te pai ara iahiko Amps ngongo - i runga i 6P3S, mo te tauira, ranei te tahi atu rama rongonui. Hoki connoisseurs o te waiata takaro ki te awhina o ngā pūrere i raro i whiriwhiria, maha iti he utu ratou - ki te te faaoti i te reira e kore ki te kohikohi te kaha, me te hoko i te reira. Heoi, nga āhuatanga, o te akoranga, te tākaro he wāhi undeniably nui i roto i te pūrere tīpakonga. A feruri i reira, he aha kia ratou, me te tauira o tauira rongonui o te momo e tika ana o ngā pūrere.

Whakakaha talateu EL34: Āhuatanga me arotake

E ai ki ngā tohunga maha, te tīwerawera ngongo pai, ranei i te iti rawa e pā ana ki te kau taki o te paearu tēnā (o te hunga e no ki te iti-mutunga wāhanga) - te pūrere talateu Classic EL34. Ka taea e tēnei pūrere mahi mā te whakamahi i rua momo o rama - mau EL34 KT88 ranei. I roto i tenei take i te kaiwhakamahi kōwhiri whakatinana Whiringahora Anō o te tīwerawera.

E ai ki ngā mātanga - arotake, whakaata ratou whakaaro, e taea te kitea i runga i maha papa matotoru hoki kaupapa - tetahi o nga painga matua ko tona atanga taputapu devaysa, taea kai te kawenga i runga i te rama pai, e faarahi tona ora ratonga. rite rawa te tīwerawera te ki te whai hua mana rōrahi. Ko te pūrere e te kaha āhua nui, i te mea 35 Watts.

amplifiers Triode

Ko tētahi atu tīwerawera no ki te kāwai o te pūtea - he pūrere TRV-35, hangaia e te Triode waitohu Japanese. Ko te meka e te huihui te reira i roto i Japan, te nuinga whakatau te kounga o te hua tēnā. He pūkenga te tīwerawera - pea ko ia te amp ngongo pai i roto i tona wāhanga ki tenei wāhi o te tirohanga. Rama e taea te whakamahi i runga i te pūrere - EL34, i roto i ētahi wā, whai wāhi taea o ngā huānga ElectroHarmonix, whakaputaina i roto i Russia.

E ai ki ngā tohunga, i roto i te āhuatanga tino nui o te tīwerawera i raro i whakaarohia - te kaha ki te tūhono ki te whare tapere kāinga hou.

I tetahi atu hua pai-mohiotia ko te Triode waitohu Japanese - pūrere TRX-P6L. Ka rite ki tuhia e etahi tohunga, tenei pūrere - ki te tīwerawera ngongo pai Triode whānui i roto i ngā o te taumahinga. Ko te kupu, i reira he reira, i roto i ngā, wha-motokā momo pūhōrite, hoahoa nei ki te arotau rangi reo tangi ki te taiao acoustic ngā i roto i te ruma, pera me te tawhā whakamahia e te pūnaha ororongo. Te pūrere, i roto i te pātai, ka taea te whakamahi e koe ngā kāwai rerekē o rama - EL34, 6L6, KT88 rite te pai. rite rawa te taputapu kei te ki te hohonu pūmana whakamuri o ngā. Ka taea e te tīwerawera mahi i roto i te rua aratau - te triode me ultralinear.

Tētahi atu pūrere faahiahia hokona ana i raro i te Triode waitohu - tīwerawera VP-300BD. E homai tokomaha i aroha waiata he pātai noa: "? kotahi-mutu pana-kume ngongo amp ranei - i te mea pai" Ka taea e ratou, mā te tīpako ïa VP-300BD, e pā ana ki ngā pūrere o te momo tuatahi rawa makona noho pūrere riro. pūrere i Tirohia - triode, whakarōpūtia te rite tuwhera he tīwerawera. Kia kï hoki, e mahi i te atamira putanga triode 300B pūrere, e kua whakarōpūtia rite filamentary.

Ororongo Rangahau VSi60

I roto i te rama kamupene tino rongonui o Amps ngongo - kaporeihana American Audio Research. Ko te tino hangarau matatau o ona hua ngā VSi60 pūrere. E whakaatu tokomaha i aroha waiata e Amps te ngongo pai transistor, ka hangaia e te kamupene American taea te pūrere ki te kōkiri i te tautohe taimaha i manakohia o nga whakaaro o te momo tuatahi: kia rite ki ngā tohunga, whakaaro te tīwerawera whakarato te tauine faahiahia o te haruru, ko reira rite ki te mahi o ngā pūrere transistor. mahi te rama matua ki te wae US, - KT120. mana Volume i roto i te tīwerawera hiko whakaaro.

Whakakaha Unison Rangahau

I tetahi atu kaiwhakanao waitohu pai-mohiotia o ngā pūrere, tuku ki - Unison Research. Ko te rongoā whai hua te nuinga e kua hangaia tenei kaporeihana ngā mana t6. Pea te reira - i te iti rawa i te tīwerawera ngongo pai, ranei e pā ana ki te rongoā ārahi, i roto i te ngā o te huinga o ngā āhuatanga e he rawe ki ki whakaaro o te piha haapiiraa A: he kaha nui o 35 W me te take damping nui. Ka whakamahi te taputapu 2 transistor filamentary tikanga i roto i ia hongere.

E ai ki ngā tohunga, whakaaro te tīwerawera kua te kounga tangi rawa i roto i ngā o te taipitopito me te mārama o te raraunga waiata.

Ko te hua pai-mohiotia e whai ake nei, hokohoko i raro i te waitohu Unison Research - P70 tīwerawera. I roto i te tahuri, ko reira he rua-patunga. Kua miharo pā Music aha nui pai atu i te rua-patunga kotahi-whānui tīwerawera ngongo, te huri i etahi o ratou perception o te whai huatanga o te whakaaro e hāngai ana ki te whakarongo ki te waiata i te te whakamahi i te pūrere pūrongo. Developers tīwerawera P70 taea whakarite he kounga tangi tino tiketike i te mana pūrere rawa mīharo - neke atu i te 70 Watts.

E ai ki te tohunga, ka taea te hono te pūrere ki te hanganga acoustic, hanga tino he kawenga faahiahia. Te pūrere i roto i te pātai kei te hoki āhuatanga e te ringa rehe o te momo. Ki te whakaaro tatou nga amplifiers ngongo pai ki te whakarongo ki te toka waiata - te P70 pūrere tika pēnei ki te rongoā ārahi.

I roto i te hua kotahi-mutu mohiotia hokona i raro i te waitohu Unison Research - pūrere Preludio. Reira i mahi hoki i roto i te A. piha He e whakamahi tetrode kaha KT88. Devaysa mana ko te 14 Watts. Na reira, titau te tīwerawera he hanganga acoustic, he tūtohutanga feunga nui.

McIntosh

I tetahi atu waitohu pai-mohiotia e hua amplifiers - US kautaha McIntosh. He maha te hunga i aroha waiata miharo - he aha te mea te tīwerawera ngongo pai, matua pāhono nga hua kounga teitei ki rite te pūrere, e kua whakaputaina i raro i te waitohu McIntosh. Tenei kamupene - i roto i te mōhiotia tino i roto i te ao o ngā kaiwhakanao taputapu oro i roto i te tuhaa o Hi-Whakamutunga.

Kia kï hoki, e te tuatahi puta te hua o te McIntosh MC275 i te mākete i roto i 1961. Mai reira, kua reira kua whakatinanatia he maha o whakapainga, engari kua hangaia tonu reira i raro i te ingoa hītori. I roto i te parau tumu, no tenei mana ki te pūrere rongonui, tetahi o nga hua pai i roto i te ao i roto i te tuhaa o Hi-Whakamutunga. whakamahi te pūrere KT88 rama. mana tīwerawera he 75 Watts i te aratau anō tīwharawhara.

Tuhipoka Ororongo

I tetahi atu waitohu pai-mohiotia i roto i te amplifiers mākete - Audio Note. I roto i ona hua tino rongonui - Meishu Phono. Pea ko te amp ngongo pai i roto i tona wāhanga tenei, ki te whakaaro ngā pūrere e tika ana ki te whakaaro ki te hanganga ture ki te viivii ore o te hangarau. Heoi, e kore te mea whai wāhi i roto i tetahi o te Semiconductor. I roto i te hanganga o te supply mana he reira hiko devaysa 3, 3 kenotron me 2 kātere. I roto i te putanga e whakamahia transistors atamira 300B. I roto i te aroaro o te hoahoa tīwerawera atamira ngongo phono whai hua. pūrere i Tirohia he mana tika tano, e te mea 9 Watts. Otiia, he hototahi ki maha ngā momo hou o te taputapu waho oro te pūrere.

Te whakatau he uaua te tīwerawera audio korehau ngongo pai e hāngai ana i runga i te tirohanga tuakiri o tona mahi. Heoi, ofi ki te otinga o te raruraru taua ko ki te whakarite etahi tauira o ngā pūrere i runga i nga āhuatanga matua ka tātarihia te tawhā e hāngai ana.

Te kōwhiri i te tīwerawera pai: he tauira whakarite tawhā

E tawhā taea te whakaaro rite te kī? Me pēhea te ki te kitea tohunga hou, kia te āhuatanga tino nui i roto i tenei take:

- mana;

- ngā auautanga ;

- te taumata o te distortion hawarite;

- te ōwehenga o te tohu, me te haruru;

- Tautoko kōrero paerewa;

- te taumata o te kohi pūngao.

I roto i te tahuri, ka taea te mahere enei tawhā i te utu pūrere.

Kōwhiri tīwerawera: mana

Ki te whakaaro ki te tawhā tuatahi - kaha, e taea te māngai reira i roto i te whānuitanga whanui. Tino pai hoki te nuinga o ngā take, āhuatanga e te whakamahi o te amp ngongo, ko te ahua o te tikanga o te 35 Watts. Ko tokomaha i aroha waiata he hua mai i roto i tenei uara - hei tauira, ki runga ki te 50 Watts.

Heoi, tokomaha Hupa tiketike mahi momo hāngai hou maitai me i te kaha o e pā ana ki 12 Watts. O te akoranga, i roto i te maha ngā take e hiahia ana ratou ki te hono ki tiketike-mahi oro hanganga. Ko te whakamahi o te taputapu whai hua oro - tetahi o te whakamahi whakahauanga o ngā huanga, i te meka, te whakaaro i roto i te pātai. He aha te mea pai te amp ngongo nga putanga atu hou o ngā pūrere - e kore te mea tino hāngai ki maha i aroha waiata te pātai, rite ratou i toutou kite i roto i te mahi i roto i te painga i whāinga o te whakaaro tēnā i roto i ngā tawhā matua. A no te mea whakamātautau me te whakamahi mahi o amplifiers optical, e tamata ratou ki te kawe i roto i te taputapu i mua i-mateuteu e tutuki te tono rawa.

auau

No nia i te āhuatanga auau o te tīwerawera - he tino minaminatia ki te waiho i roto i te whānui i te 20 ki te 20 mano Hz .. Ahakoa, kia tuhia te reira, he tino onge whakaaro hou kaiwhakanao i roto i te pātai, tukua ki nga mākete o amplifiers kore e e whakatau i tenei paearu. He uaua ki te kitea taputapu i roto i te tuhaa o Hi-Whakamutunga, e kore nei e tino ora ake ki nga tawhā auau tohua. Heoi, ka hoko koe i te amp ngongo, mo te tauira, i te iti-mohiotia waitohu, hanga ana e ia te tikanga ki te tirohia i roto i te awhe i roto i nei tautoko reira te auau.

distortion hawarite

Ki te whakaaro ki te distortion hawarite, he reira e minaminatia e kore ratou e nui ake 0.6%. Mau, ko te iti rawa tenei ahua - te pai te tangi. Kei te maha te tīwerawera ngongo pai i roto i te wāhanga ngā whakaritea matua i runga i te pūtake o tohu o distortion hawarite. Tonu kia tuhia te reira e te ahua hāngai - e kore te nui tino i roto i ngā o te whakarite te kounga tangi pai. Heoi, faaite tenei tawhā te whakautu o te tohu tāuru acoustic ki te hanganga. Engari uaua i roto i te mahi ki te whakarato i ngā tauhohe whakaongaonga oro ka whanganga rite te mahi reira i roto i te purei anō o tohu tūturu. Ko e ngana ana rama hou kaihanga o amplifiers ngongo ki te whakarite e te auau i raro o te distortion hawarite. tauira papai ngā pūrere e taea o te whakarato i te reira i te taumata e kore rawa 0.1%. O te akoranga, ka taea e te utu e te mahinga ki runga ake i whakataetae tauira ki te THD teitei, engari mo te utu take Audiophile i roto i tenei take kia o faufaa tuarua.

Ko te ōwehenga tohu-ki-haruru

Ko te tawhā muri - te ōwehenga o te tohu ki te haruru, amplifiers ngongo hou maha hāngai ki te ahua o 90 DB atu ranei. I roto i te whānui, e taea te whakaaro te tino noa tenei uara ka whakatairite i ngā āhuatanga o ngā whakaaro, ara, ki te māngai i roto i wāhanga rerekē. Na reira, ki te te mahi - ki te whiriwhiri i te pai tīwerawera ngongo kotahi-whānui ranei, mo te tauira, pana-wahia, whakaaro tautuhinga e kore tonu tautika whakaata i te whakataetae o te pūrere ngā. Ranei ara, te teitei te ahua hāngai - te pai. Ko reira e minaminatia e waiho kore iti iho i te 70. ētahi runga tauira tīwerawera whakarato he tohu ki te ōwehenga haruru i te taumata neke atu i te 100 DB. Ko te utu o ratou, rite i roto i te take o te distortion hawarite, e taea e faahiahia.

atu kōwhiringa

Ko te tahi atu tawhā - tautoko o ngā paerewa kōrero, te kohi pūngao, he nui engari tuarua. Ki a ratou hanga reira tikanga ki te whakarongo ki ētahi atu mea he rite i runga i nga tohu e kua matou whakaaro i runga. Heoi, no te tīwerawera angamaheni o tenei ra e taea te whakaaro mō te tautoko i te maha rawaka o te tīwharawhara takirua - e pā ana ki 4, putanga oro hoki tuhi tangi. No nia i te pūngao - tona tere tino arotau ko e pā ana ki 280 Watts.

Ko e mo'oni, ka whakaaro he tīwerawera ngongo pai te tākaro i te tūranga o maha āhuatanga tuakiri. Nuinga o ngā wā, kei te aromatawaitia i aroha waiata i roto i runga Hupa, e hāngai ana i runga i o ratou: hoahoa, te hanga kounga, te oro tohu taumata hāneanea.

Ka taea te whakaritea i te tawhā i runga katoa ki te utu o te pūrere e taea te whakaatu i roto i te tino whānui o ngā uara ngā. Ko te tangata e kore e e whai i te take tino hāngai atu te transistor ngongo amp he pai, no te mea e matau ana ia te whakahoki ki a reira, te utu, rite tuhia i runga matou, e kore e taea te i titiro tonu rite te paearu tino nui ka kōwhiri i devaysa ki te whakarite i whakarongo ki o koutou rangi tino.